Exam 2: Solutions

∂z ∂z
Problem 1. Use the chain rule to find ∂u
and ∂v
if z = x2 y 3 +x sin y,
x = u2 , y = uv.

Solution.
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= + = (2xy 3 + sin y)(2u) + (3x2 y 2 + x cos y)v
∂u ∂x ∂u ∂y ∂u
= (2u2 u3 v 3 + sin(uv))(2u) + (3u4 u2 v 2 + u2 cos(uv))v
= 4u6 v 3 + 2u sin(uv) + 3u6 v 3 + u2 v cos(uv)
= 7u6 v 3 + 2u sin(uv) + u2 v cos(uv).
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= + = (2xy 3 + sin y) · 0 + (3x2 y 2 + x cos y)u
∂v ∂x ∂v ∂y ∂v
= (3u4 u2 v 2 + u2 cos(uv))u = 3u7 v 2 + u3 cos(uv).

Problem 2. Find the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) = x2 y 3 +

√ → −
− →
xz at (1, −2, 3) in the direction of −
→
a =5j + k.

Solution. The unit vector in the direction of −

→
a is
→
−a 5 −→ 1 −→
→
−
u = − = √ j +√ k.
→
kak 26 26
Then
→
−
u f (1, −2, 3) = ∇f (1, −2, 3) · u
D−
→
 √  √ 
3 z − → 2 2−
→ x−→ 
= 2xy + √ i + 3x y j + √ k (1,−2,3)
2 x 2 z
 
5 −→ 1 −→
· √ j +√ k
26 26
√ !  
3 −→ →
− 1 −→ 5 − → 1 −→
= (−16 + ) i + 12 j + √ k · √ j + √ k
2 2 3 26 26
60 1
= √ + √ .
26 2 78

Problem 3. Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface

z = x2 y at the point (1, 2, 2).
1
2

Solution. The equation of the tangent plane to the surface z =

f (x, y) at the point (x0 , y0 , z0 ) is
z = z0 + fx (x0 , y0 )(x − x0 ) + fy (x0 , y0 )(y − y0 ).
We have fx (x, y) = 2xy, fy (x, y) = x2 , fx (1, 2) = 2 · 1 · 2 = 4, fy (1, 2) =
12 = 1. Thus, the tangent plane is z = 2 + 4(x − 1) + 1(y − 2), i.e.,
z = 4x + y − 4.

Problem 4. The temperature, T , at a point in space is given by

T (x, y, z) = 400xyz 2 degrees Celsius. Use the Lagrange multiplier
method to find the highest temperature on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.

Solution. The problem is to maximize T (x, y, z) = 400xyz 2 which

is subject to the constraint g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 1 = 0. The
Lagrange equations Tx = λgx , Ty = λgy , Tz = λgz become 400yz 2 =
2λx, 400xz 2 = 2λy, 800xyz = 2λz. Eliminating λ from these equations,
we obtain
200yz 2 200xz 2
= = 400xy.
x y
(Note that z 6= 0, otherwise it follows from the Lagrange equations
that x = y = z = 0 which is impossible for the given constraint.) The
first of the two equations above gives x2 = y 2 , and the second one gives
z 2 = 2y 2 . From the constraint equation we obtain y 2 +y 2 +2y 2 = 1, i.e.,
4y 2 = 1. Thus√
y = 12 or √y = − 12 . Correspondingly, x = 12 or x = − 12 ,
and z = 22 or z = − 22 . The maximal value of the temperature
T (x, y, z) on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 is therefore
√ ! √ !2
1 1 2 1 1 2
T , , = 400 · · · = 50 (degrees Celsius).
2 2 2 2 2 2

Problem 5. Find the volume of the solid in the first octant enclosed
by z = 4 − y 2 , z = 0, x = 0, y = x, and y = 2.

Solution. The projection of the solid onto the xy-plane is the (tri-
angle) domain D bounded by the lines x = 0, y = x, and y = 2. It can
be described by the inequalities 0 ≤ y ≤ 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ y. Therefore the
 3

volume of the solid is

Z Z Z 2 Z y
2
V = (4 − y ) dA = (4 − y 2 ) dx dy
D 0 0
Z 2 Z 2
= x(4 − y 2 )|yx=0 dy = y(4 − y 2 ) dy
0 0
Z 2
y 4 2
 
3 2
= (4y − y ) dy = 2y − 0
0 4
= 8 − 4 = 4.

√
R2 R 2
4−x
2 +y 2 )
Problem 6. Evaluate e−(x dy dx by converting to an
−2 0
equivalent integral in polar coordinates.

Solution. The domain of integration √D is described in rectangular

coordinates as −2 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 − x2 . Thus, D is an upper
half of the disk of radius 2 centered at the origin. In polar coordinates,
D can be described as 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, 0 ≤ r ≤ 2. Thus,
√
Z2 Z4−x2 Zπ Z2
2 2 2
e−(x +y ) dy dx = e−r r dr dθ
−2 0 0 0
Zπ Z2
1 2
= − e−r d(−r2 ) dθ
2
0 0
Zπ
1 2 2
= − e−r r=0 dθ
2
0
Zπ
1 1
= − (e−4 − 1) dθ = − (e−4 − 1) · π
2 2
0
π
= (1 − e−4 ).
2

R1 R2
Problem 7 (extra credit). Evaluate cos(x2 ) dx dy by convert-
0 2y
ing to an equivalent integral with order of integration reversed.
4

Solution. The domain of integration D is described as a type II

domain by 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 2y ≤ x ≤ 2. It can be easily seen that D is a
triangle bounded by the lines y = 0, x = 2y, and x = 2. The domain
D is described also as a type I domain by 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ x2 .
Therefore,
x
Z1 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2
x
cos(x2 ) dx dy = cos(x2 ) dy dx = y cos(x2 )y=0
2
dx
0 2y 0 0 0

Z2 Z2
x 1
= cos(x2 ) dx = 2x cos(x2 ) dx
2 4
0 0
Z2
1 1 2 sin 4
= cos(x2 ) d(x2 ) = sin(x2 )0 = .
4 4 4
0