Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 HOUR 40 MINUTES
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
Section A
This question is compulsory.
1 Students travelled to Pulau Hantu to conduct fieldwork investigations. Before
embarking on their trip, they did a short research on the island.
Pulau Hantu
Pulau Hantu is located to the south of Singapore, 30 minutes away from the
West Coast Pier. It actually comprises of 2 islets, the Pulau Hantu Kechil and
Pulau Hantu Besar. This tiny island stretches up to only 12.5 hectares in area.
During the high tide, the water level of the bay rises, and the middle of the
island which is geographically lower, gets immersed in water, which results in
two smaller islands. Pulau Hantu is teeming with exceptionally beautiful aquatic
life and reefs, which makes it a local favourite spot for fishing, scuba-diving,
snorkelling and countless other activities.
Fig. 1
*black spots represent areas which contain coral reefs
(a) (i) Upon reaching Pulau Hantu, a student noticed that both islets were
inaccessible to each other during high tide. He suggested that a sand
bridge be reclaimed between the 2 islets, so that visitors can have
access to both places at all times.
Name:
F.I. on strength of water/waves between the islets during high
tide [1]
Describe:
Students can have 2 ranging poles along the water edge, at a
regular interval (e.g. 2m), for recording purposes. [1]
At the first ranging pole, they throw the oranges a metre away
from the water’s edge into the water and start timing how long
they take to move from one pole to the next. [1]
Once the oranges pass the second pole, the timing they took
to float pass should be recorded. [1]
The records can be converted into the speed at which the
water moves. [1]
The above steps should be repeated, at fixed time intervals
during high tide, so that the results can be averaged to get a
better accuracy. [1]
(ii) However, not everyone thought the sand bridge was a good idea to
begin with. Suggest reasons that supported this thought. [2]
Positive +2 +1 0 -1 -2 Negative
Beautiful surroundings 2 3 3 2 0 Ugly surroundings
Available services 0 3 1 4 2 Unavailable services
Low visitor count 0 4 4 2 0 High visitor count
Little litter 2 3 2 3 0 Much litter
Quiet 2 2 3 3 0 Noisy
Fig. 2
(i) Using a standard bar graph, present the findings as seen in the
survey. [2]
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Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
(ii) What do the findings from the survey say about visitors’ perceptions
of Pulau Hantu? Give reasons for your answer. [3]
Positive [1]
Score in positive is 27 vs score in negative is 18 [1]
Except for the factor of services, where visitors seem to be
upset with the lack of it, score 3 vs 8 [1]
(c) Some students questioned the use of a bipolar survey collect data and the
bar graph to present the findings. Justify the use of the mentioned
methods. [5]
Bipolar:
Allow quantitative data about characteristics of place to be collected
and scored [1]
Useful in evaluating factors at chosen place [1]
Bar graph:
Allows multiple sets of data to be compared easily [1]
Large data sets can be used [1]
Patterns can be observed easily [1]
(d) (i) The students also studied that amount of sunlight penetrating the
water surface, which was determined by turbidity and water depth,
could influence where coral reefs grew.
(ii) Based on the hypothesis in part (c)(i), the students then decided to
stay on the sandy shorelines near the black spots in Fig. 1 to wait for
low tide. Following that, they observed the conditions before
recording their findings.
Reflect:
4
Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
Section B
(b) Fig. 2 shows rocks that were eroded by a certain coastal process.
5
Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
Fig. 2
Identify the coastal process and describe why the rocks looked like that in
Fig. 2. [4]
Identify:
Attrition [1]
Describe:
When rock particles carried by waves rub or hit against one another
[1]
they break down into smaller particles/pebbles [1]
and become smoother and more rounded over time [1]
(c) Fig. 3 shows the map of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, showing
results of aerial surveys for 911 reefs.
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Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
Australia
Fig. 3
Based on Fig. 3, compare the conditions of the reefs found in the different
sectors and suggest reasons for the differences. [4]
Compare:
Northern sector the highest damage (81% severely bleached) found
in reefs, followed by Central (33%), then Southern the lowest (1%)
[1]
Norther sector had the lowest surviving (<1% not bleached), then
Central (10%), with Southern highest (25%) [1]
Suggest: (Location being the main reason)
Northern nearest to neighbouring country Indonesia, so possible
higher sea traffic and human activity, increasing sea temperature,
thus high bleaching
Southern faces a larger fetch (Pacific Ocean) so lesser activity and
lower fluctuations in sea temperature, so less bleaching and
healthier reefs
7
Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
Fig. 4
(e) Stabilising dunes has always been the best natural method to protect
coastal areas from erosion.
To what extent do you agree with the statement? Support your answer
with relevant examples. [8]
Matting put over dunes and young grasses planted into the sand
through it
Over time, grasses become established and dunes become more
stable
Matting rots away, adding nutrients to soil
However, fences and access paths need to be built to protect dunes
from human traffic
Maintenance costs would be incurred to manage such construction
Higher fences would have to be built over time as sand
accumulates
Signboards placed to
e,g, coast along Triton Place, Western Australia has vegetated
sand dunes and an access fence
conclusion: interdependence
0 marks No attempt
Irrelevant points
Only listing/statement of points
L1 (1-3m) At least one point (main) described and explained
and supported with example
9
Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
3 (a) Describe what tides are and explain what happens during high tides. [5]
Describe:
Caused mainly by the effects of the gravitational pull of the moon
and sun on the earth [1]
Produces a cycle of alternating low and high tide which changes
about every 6 hours [1]
Means that there is a cycle of 2 low tides and 2 high tides every 24
hours [1]
Explain:
During high tides, waves reach parts of coasts that may not be
subjected to wave action at low tides [1]
At high tides, waves erode and transport more sediments away
from larger parts of the coasts than at other times [1]
(b) With reference to Fig. 5, explain how wave refraction occurs along a
coastline. [5]
Fig. 5
10
Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
Fig. 6
With reference to Fig. 6, identify the form of niche tourism and discuss its
purposes. [3]
Identify:
Ecotourism [1]
Discuss:
Travelling down the river in tubes instead of boats reduces the risk
of pollution as no fuels are used [1]
Person moving through the forest on a zipline ensures that no trails
are made on the forest floor, leaving habitats undisturbed [1]
(must link to what can be seen in figure)
(d) Fig. 7 shows demonstrators clashing with the riot police during a protest
against Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro.
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Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
Fig. 7
With the aid of Fig. 7 and studies you have made, describe and explain
how this event would have affected tourism in Venezuela. [4]
Describe:
Protestor causing disturbance while others run for safety [1]
(award mark in relation to figure)
Explain:
Disrupt services and cause damage to infrastructure [1]
Tourists postpone or cancel plans due to fear of personal safety [1]
Other government countries would have issued travel advisories to
discourage their own citizens to travel to Venezuela, causing number of
tourists to drop also [1]
To what extent do you agree with the comment? Support your answer with
relevant examples. [8]
0 marks No attempt
Irrelevant points
Only listing/statement of points
L1 (1-3m) At least one point (main) described and explained
and supported with example
No relevant examples given
Main point of essay not discussed
Points given not answering question
L2 (4-6m) At least 2 points (main and 1 other) described and
explained and supported with examples
Relevant examples provided are weak and show
only some support for description and explanation
Points given somewhat answer question
13
Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)
Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)
14
Preliminary Examination 2018 Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)
Geography (2236/01)