Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2017
QUESTION PAPER
3. In a common-emitter transistor amplifier, the audio signal 8. The resistance of a wire is R ohm. If it is melted and stretched
voltage across the collector is 3 V. The resistance of collector is to n times its original length, its new resistance will be
3 kΩ. If current gain is 100 and the base resistance is 2 kΩ, the R R
(1) (2) n2R (3) 2 (4) Nr
voltage and power gain of the amplifier is n n
(1) 15 and 200 (2) 150 and 15,000 9. Two cars moving in opposite directions approach each other
(3) 20 and 2000 (4) 200 and 1000 with speed of 22 m/s and 16.5 m/s, respectively. The driver
of the first car blows a horn having a frequency 400 Hz. The
4. An arrangement of three parallel straight wires placed perpen- frequency heard by the driver of the second car is (velocity of
dicular to plane of paper carrying same current I along the same sound: 340 m/s)
direction is shown in the figure. Magnitude of force per unit (1) 361 Hz (2) 411 Hz
length on the middle wire B is given by: (3) 448 Hz (4) 350 Hz
B d C
10. In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the root mean square
90° value of the electric field is Erms = 6 V/m. The peak value of the
magnetic field is
d
(1) 2.83 × 10−8 T (2) 0.70 × 10−8 T
(3) 4.23 × 10−8 T (4) 1.41 × 10−8 T
A 11. Two rods A and B of different materials are welded together as
2 μ0 I 22 μ0 I 2 shown in the figure. Their thermal conductivities are K1 and K2.
(1) (2) The thermal conductivity of the composite rod will be
πd πd
μ0 I 2 μ0 I 2 A K1
(3) (4) T1 T2
2π d 2π d
B K2
5. The de Broglie wavelength of a neutron in thermal equilibrium
with heavy water at a temperature T (Kelvin) and mass m is d
h 2h
(1) (2) 3( K1 + K2 )
3mkT 3mkT (1) (2)
K1 + K2
2
2h h K1 + K2
(3) (4) (3) 2(K1 + K2) (4)
mkT mkT 2
12. Which one of the following represents forward bias diode? t1t2 t1t2
(1) (2)
R t2 − t1 t2 + t1
(1) –4 V –3 V
t1 + t2
R (3) t1 – t2 (4)
(2) –2 V +2 V 2
R 20. Thermodynamic processes are indicated in the following
(3) 3V 5V
diagram:
0V R –2 V
(4) P
18. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and 23. The photoelectric threshold wavelength of silver is 3250 ×
another identical uncharged capacitor is connected in parallel. 10−10 m. The velocity of the electron ejected from a silver sur-
The total electrostatic energy of resulting system: face by ultraviolet light of wavelength 2536 × 10−10 m is
(1) decreases by a factor of 2. (Given h = 4.14 × 10−15 eVs and c = 3 × 108 ms−1)
(2) remains the same. (1) 0.6 × 106 ms−1 (2) 61 × 103 ms−1
(3) increases by a factor of 2. (3) 0.3 × 10 ms (4)
6 −1
6 × 105 ms−1
(4) increases by a factor of 4. 24. Figure shows a circuit that contains three identical resistors with
resistance R = 9.0 Ω each, two identical inductors with induc-
19. Preeti reached the metro station and found that the escalator
tance L = 2.0 mH each, and an ideal battery with emf ε = 18 V.
was not working. She walked up the stationary escalator in time
The current I through the battery just after the switch closed is
t1. On other days, if she remains stationary on the moving esca-
_____.
lator, then the escalator takes her up in time t2. The time taken
by her to walk up on the moving escalator will be
3
(1) d = 1 km (2) d = km
+ L R R 2
e 1
− (3) d = 2 km (4) d = km
R C 2
32. Two blocks A and B of masses 3m and m, respectively, are con-
(1) 0.2 A (2) 2 A nected by a massless and inextensible string. The whole system
(3) 0 ampere (4) 2 mA is suspended by a massless spring as shown in the figure. The
magnitudes of acceleration of A and B immediately after the
25. A spherical blackbody with a radius of 12 cm radiates 450 watt string is cut are, respectively,
power at 500 K. If the radius were halved and the temperature is
doubled, the power radiated (in watt) would be
(1) 450 (2) 1000
(3) 1800 (4) 225
(a) Centre of mass of a body always coincides with the centre (1) 1 : 9 (2) 1 : 11
of gravity of the body. (3) 1 : 14 (4) 1 : 6
(b) Centre of mass of a body is the point at which the total 36. The diagrams below show regions of equipotential.
gravitational torque on the body is zero.
(c) A couple on a body produce both translational and rota- 20 V 40 V 20 V 40 V 10 V 30 V 40 V
tional motion in a body. 20 V
(d) Mechanical advantage greater than one means that small
effort can be used to lift a large load. A B A B A B A B
(1) (a) and (b) (2) (b) and (c)
10 V
(3) (c) and (d) (4) (b) and (d) 30 V
10 V 30 V 10 V 30 V 20 V 40 V
31. The acceleration due to gravity at a height 1 km above the Earth (a) (b) (c) (c)
is the same as at a depth d below the surface of Earth. Then
A positive charge is moved from A to B in each diagram. (1) 425 kg m−3 (2) 800 kg m−3
(1) In all the four cases, the work done is the same. (3) 928 kg m−3 (4) 650 kg m−3
(2) Minimum work is required to move q in figure (a).
42. Consider a drop of rain water having mass 1 g falling from
(3) Maximum work is required to move q in figure (b). a height of 1 km. It hits the ground with a speed of 50 m/s,
(4) Maximum work is required to move q in figure (c). Take g constant with a value 10 m/s2. The work done by the
(i) gravitational force and the (ii) resistive force of air is
37. Suppose the charge of a proton and an electron differ slightly.
One of them is –e, the other is (e + Δe). If the net of electro- (1) (i) 1.25 J (ii) −8.25 J
static force and gravitational force between two hydrogen atoms (2) (i) 100 J (ii) 8.75 J
placed at a distance d (much greater than atomic size) apart (3) (i) 10J (ii) −8.75 J
is zero, then Δe is of the order of (Given: mass of hydrogen (4) (i) −10 J (ii) −8.25 J
mh = 1.67 × 10−27 kg)
(1) 10−23 C (2) 10−37 C 43. The x- and y-coordinates of the particle at any time are x = 5t –
2t2 and y = 10t, respectively, where x and y are in meters and t in
(3) 10−47 C (4) 10−20 C
seconds. The acceleration of the particle at t = 2s is
38. A physical quantity of the dimensions of length that can be (1) 5 m/s2 (2) −4 m/s2
e2 (3) −8 m/s2 (4) 0
formed out of c, G and is (c is the velocity of light, G is
4πε0
universal constant of gravitational and e is charge) 44. A long solenoid of diameter 0.1 m has 2 × 104 turns per meter.
1/ 2 1/ 2 At the centre of the solenoid, a coil of 100 turns and radius
⎡ e2 ⎤ 1 ⎡ e2 ⎤ 0.01 m is placed with its axis coinciding with the solenoid axis.
(1) c2 ⎢G ⎥ (2) ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 4πε0 ⎥⎦ c2 ⎢⎣ G 4πε0 ⎥⎦ The current in the solenoid reduces at a constant rate to 0 A
1/ 2 from 4 A in 0.05 s. If the resistance of the coil is 10 π2Ω, the
1 e2 1 ⎡ e2 ⎤ total charge flowing through the coil during this time is
(3) G (4) ⎢G ⎥
c 4πε0 c2 ⎢⎣ 4πε0 ⎥⎦ (1) 16 μC (2) 32 μC
39. Two polaroids P1 and P2 are placed with their axis perpendicular (3) 16π μC (4) 32π μC
to each other. Unpolarised light I0 is incident on P1. A third pola- 1
45. A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of as heat engine, is
roid P3 is kept in between P1 and P2 such that its axis makes an 10
angle 45° with that P1. The intensity of transmitted light through used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the system is 10 J, the
P2 is amount of energy absorbed from the reservoir at lower tempera-
I0 I I I ture is
(1) (2) 0 (3) 0 (4) 0
4 8 16 2 (1) 90 J (2) 99 J
40. A particle executes linear simple harmonic motion with an (3) 100 J (4) 1 J
amplitude of 3 cm. When the particle is at 2 cm from the mean
position, the magnitude of its velocity is equal to that of its Chemistry
acceleration. Then its time period in seconds is:
5 4π 2π 5 46. Which of the following is a sink for CO?
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2π 5 3 π (1) Microorganisms present in the soil
(2) Oceans
41. A U-tube, with both ends open to the atmosphere, is partially
filled with water. Oil, which is immiscible with water, is poured (3) Plants
into one side until it stands at a distance of 10 mm above the water (4) Haemoglobin
level on the other side. Meanwhile, the water rises by 65 mm from
its original level (see diagram). The density of the oil is 47. The element Z = 114 has been discovered recently. It will
belong to which of the following family/group and electronic
Pa Pa configuration?
A F (1) Carbon family, [Rn]5f 146d107s27p2
E 10 mm (2) Oxygen family, [Rn]5f 146d107s27p4
Final water level
(3) Nitrogen family, [Rn]5f 146d107s27p6
65 mm
Oil D (4) Halogen family, [Rn]5f 146d107s27p5
Initial water level
65 mm
48. For a given reaction ΔH = 35.5 kJ mol−1 and ΔS = 83.6 JK−1
mol−1. The reaction is spontaneous at (Assume that ΔH and ΔS
B C do not vary with temperature)
Water (1) T > 425 K (2) all temperatures.
(3) T > 298 K (4) T < 425 K
49. Identify A and predict the type of reaction. The overall order of the reaction will be
(1) 2 (2) 0
OCH3
(3) 1.5 (4) 1
NaNH2
A 55. The equilibrium constants of the following are
Br N2 + 3H2 2 NH3 K1
N2 + O2 2 NO K2
OCH3
1
H2 + O2 → H2O K3
NH2 2
(1) and elimination addition reaction The equilibrium constant (K) of the reaction
5
2 NH3 + O2 K
2 NO + 3H2O will be
2
OCH3
(1) K2 K33 /K1 (2) K2K3/K1
Br
(3) K2 K3 /K1
3
(4) K1K33 /K2
(2) and cine substitution reaction
56. Which one is the wrong statement?
(1) The uncertainty principle is ΔE × Δt ≥ h/4π.
OCH3
(2) Half-filled and fully filled orbitals have greater stability
due to greater exchange energy, greater symmetry and
(3) and cine substitution reaction more balanced arrangement.
(3) The energy of 2s orbitals is less than energy of 2p orbitals
in case of hydrogen like atoms.
OCH3 h
(4) de-Broglie’s wavelength is given by λ = , where m =
mv
mass of the particle, v = group velocity of the particle.
(4) and substitution reaction
57. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
NH2
(1) The value of equilibrium constant is changed in the pres-
50. Which of the following is dependent on temperature? ence of a catalyst in the reaction at equilibrium.
(1) Molarity (2) Mole fraction (2) Enzymes catalyze mainly bio-chemical reactions.
(3) Weight percentage (4) Molality (3) Coenzymes increase the catalytic activity of enzyme.
(4) Catalyst does not initiate any reaction.
51. With respect to the conformers of ethane, which of the follow-
ing statements is true? 58. HgCl2 and I2 both when dissolved in water containing I− ions the
(1) Bond angle changes but bond length remains same. pair of species formed is
(2) Both bond angle and bond length change. (1) HgI2, I− (2) HgI24 − , I3−
(3) Both bond angles and bond length remain same. (3) Hg2I2, I− (4) HgI2 , I3−
(4) Bond angle remains same but bond length changes.
59. The correct increasing order of basic strength for the following
52. Name the gas that can readily decolorize acidified KMnO4 compound is
solution.
NH2 NH2 NH2
(1) SO2 (2) NO2 (3) P2O3 (4) CO2
61. A 20 L container at 400 K contains CO2 (g) at pressure 0.4 atm 67. If molality of the dilute solution is doubled, the value of molal
and an excess of SrO (neglect the volume of solid SrO). The depression constant (Kf) will be
volume of the container is now decreased by moving the mov- (1) halved. (2) tripled.
able piston fitted in the container. The maximum volume of the
(3) unchanged. (4) doubled.
container, when pressure of CO2 attains its maximum value,
will be 68. The heating of phenyl-methyl ethers with HI produces
(Given that: SrCO3 (s) SrO(s) + CO2 (g), Kp = 1.6 atm) (1) iodobenzene. (2) phenol.
(1) 10 L (2) 4 L (3) benzene. (4) ethyl chloride.
(3) 2 L (4) 5 L
69. In the electrochemical cell
62. Mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol acts as Zn|ZnSO4(0.1 M) || CuSO4 (1.0 M)|Cu, the emf of this Daniel
(1) antiseptic. (2) antipyretic. cell is E1. When the concentration of ZnSO4 is changed to 1.0 M
and that of CuSO4 changed to 0.01 M, the emf changed to E2.
(3) antibiotic. (4) analgesic.
From the followings, which one is the relationship between E1
63. Pick out the correct statement with respect to [Mn(CN)6]3−. RT
and E2 (Given: = 0.059)
(1) It is sp3d2 hybridized and tetrahedral. F
(1) E1 < E2 (2) E1 > E2
(2) It is d2sp3 hybridized and octahedral. (3) E2 = 0 ≠ E1 (4) E1 = E2
(3) It is dsp2 hybridized and square planar.
(4) It is sp3d2 hybridized and octahedral. 70. A first order reaction has a specific reaction rate of 10−2 s−1. How
much time will it take for 20 g of the reactant to reduce to 5 g?
64. Match the interhalogen compounds of column I with the geom- (1) 138.6 s (2) 346.5 s
etry in column II and assign the correct code.
(3) 693.0 s (4) 238.6 s
Column I Column II
(a) XX ′ (i) T-shape 71. Which of the following pairs of species have the same bond
order?
(b) XX 3′ (ii) Pentagonal bipyramidal
(c) XX 5′ (iii) Linear (1) O2 , NO+ (2) CN−, CO
−
(d) XX 7′ (iv) Square pyramidal (3) N2 , O2 (4) CO, NO
(v) Tetrahedral 72. In which pair of ions both the species contain S–S bond?
Code: (1) S4 O62 − , S2O32 − (2) S2O72 − , S2O82 −
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(3) S4 O62 − , S2O72 − (4) S4 O72 − , S2O32 −
(1) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(2) (v) (iv) (iii) (ii) 73. Concentration of the Ag+ ions in a saturated solution of Ag2C2O4
(3) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) is 2.2 × 10−4 mol L−1. Solubility product of Ag2C2O4 is
(4) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (1) 2.66 × 10−12 (2) 4.5 × 10−11
(3) 5.3 × 10−12 (4) 2.42 × 10−8
65. The species, having bond angles at 120° is
(1) ClF3 (2) NCl3 74. Ionic mobility of which of the following alkali metal ions is
lowest when aqueous solution of their salts is put under an elec-
(3) BCl3 (4) PH3
tric field?
66. Predict the correct intermediate and product in the following (1) K (2) Rb
reaction: (3) Li (4) Na
H O , H SO
H3C − C ≡ CH ⎯⎯⎯⎯
2 2 4
→ Intermediate → Product
HgSO 4 (A) ( B) 75. A gas is allowed to expand in a well-insulated container against
a constant external pressure of 2.5 atm from an initial volume
(1) A : H3C C CH2 B: H3 C C CH2 of 2.50 L to a final volume of 4.50 L. The change in internal
OH SO4 energy ΔU of the gas in joules will be
(1) −500 J (2) −505 J
(2) A : H3C C CH3 B: H3C C CH
(3) +505 J (4) 1136.25 J
O
76. The reason for greater range of oxidation states in actinoids is
(3) A : H3C C CH2 B: H3C C CH3 attributed to
OH O (1) actinoid contraction.
(2) 5f, 6d and 7s levels having comparable energies.
(4) A : H3C C CH2 B: H3C C CH3
(3) 4f and 5d levels being close in energies.
SO4 O (4) the radioactive nature of actinoids.
89. The IUPAC name of the compound is 96. An important characteristic that Hemichordates share with
O O Chordates is
H C (1) ventral tubular nerve cord.
(2) pharynx with gill slits.
(3) pharynx without gill slits.
(1) 5-formylhex-2-en-3-one. (4) absence of notochord.
(2) 5-methyl-4-oxohex-2-en-5-al. 97. Alexander Von Humbolt described for the first time
(3) 3-keto-2-methylhex-5-enal. (1) Laws of limiting factor.
(4) 3-keto-2-methylhex-4-enal. (2) species area relationships.
90. Which is the incorrect statement? (3) population growth equation.
(1) Density decreases in case of crystals with Schottky’s (4) ecological biodiversity.
defect. 98. Identify the wrong statement in context of heartwood
(2) NaCl(s) is insulator, silicon is semiconductor, silver is
(1) it is highly durable.
conductor, quartz is piezo electric crystal.
(2) it conducts water and minerals efficiently.
(3) Frenkel defect is favored in those ionic compounds in
which sizes of cation and anions are almost equal. (3) it comprises dead elements with highly lignified walls.
(4) FeO0.98 has non-stoichiometric metal deficiency defect. (4) organic compounds are deposited in it.
123. GnRH, a hypothalamic hormone, needed in reproduction, acts 132. Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on
on (1) pre-synaptic membrane.
(1) anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of LH (2) tips of axons.
and FSH. (3) post-synaptic membrane.
(2) posterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of (4) membranes of synaptic vesicles.
oxytocin and FSH.
(3) posterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of LH 133. During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
and relaxin. (1) the lagging strand towards replication fork.
(4) anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of LH (2) the leading strand away from replication fork.
and oxytocin. (3) the lagging strand away from the replication fork.
124. Which of the following represents order of Horse? (4) the leading strand towards replication fork.
(1) Perissodactyla (2) Caballus 134. Which of the following options best represents the enzyme
(3) Ferus (4) Equidae composition of pancreatic juice?
125. Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is the primary CO2 acceptor in (1) Amylase, pepsin, trypsinogen, maltase.
(2) Peptidase, amylase, pepsin, rennin.
(1) C4 plants. (2) C2 plants.
(3) Lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase.
(3) C3 and C4 plants. (4) C3 plants.
(4) Amylase, peptidase, trypsinogen, rennin.
126. Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass?
135. Anaphase promoting complex (APC) is protein degradation
(1) Grassland ecosystem
machinery necessary for proper mitosis of animal cells. If
(2) Pond ecosystem APC is defective in a human cell, which of the following is
(3) Lake ecosystem expected to occur?
(4) Forest ecosystem (1) Chromosomes will be fragmented.
127. A disease caused by an autosomal primary non-disjunction is (2) Chromosomes will not segregate.
(3) Recombination of chromosome arms will occur.
(1) Klinefelter’s syndrome.
(4) Chromosomes will not condense.
(2) Turner’s syndrome.
(3) Sickle cell anemia. 136. The genotypes of a husband and wife are IAIB and IAi. Among
(4) Down’s syndrome. the blood type of their children, how many different genotypes
and phenotypes are possible?
128. The vascular cambium normally gives rise to
(1) 3 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
(1) primary phloem. (2) secondary xylem. (2) 4 genotypes; 3 phenotypes
(3) periderm. (4) phelloderm. (3) 4 genotypes; 4 phenotypes
129. Which of the following is correctly matched for the product (4) 3 genotypes; 3 phenotypes
produced by them?
137. Viroids differ from viruses in having
(1) Methanobacterium: Lactic acid
(1) DNA molecules without protein coat.
(2) Penicillium notatum: Acetic acid
(2) RNA molecules with protein coat.
(3) Sacchromyces cerevisiae: Ethanol
(3) RNA molecules without protein coat.
(4) Acetobacter aceti: Antibiotics
(4) DNA molecules with protein coat.
130. Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are caused due to a prob-
138. Mycorrhizae are the example of
lem in globin molecule synthesis. Select the correct statement.
(1) amensalism. (2) antibiosis.
(1) Both are due to a quantitative defect in globin chain
synthesis. (3) mutualism. (4) fungistasis.
(2) Thalassemia is due to less synthesis of globin molecules. 139. The morphological nature of the edible part of coconut is
(3) Sickle cell anemia is due to a quantitative problem of (1) cotyledon. (2) endosperm.
globin molecules.
(3) pericarp. (4) perisperm.
(4) Both are due to qualitative defect in globin chain
synthesis. 140. Myelin sheath is produced by
131. Flowers which have single ovule in the ovary and are packed (1) astrocytes and Schwann cells.
into inflorescence are usually pollinated by (2) oligodendrocytes and osteoclasts.
(1) Bee. (2) Wind. (3) osteodasts and astrocytes.
(3) Bat. (4) Water. (4) Schwann Cells and oligodendrocytes.
141. Match the following sexually transmitted diseases (Column-I) 148. Life cycle of Ectocarpus and Fucus respectively are
with their causative agent (Column-II) and select the correct (1) Diplontic, Haplodiplontic .
option.
(2) Haplodiplontic, Diplontic.
Column-I Column-II (3) Haplodiplontic, Haplontic.
(a) Gonorrhea (i) HIV (4) Haplontic, Diplontic.
(b) Syphilis (ii) Neisseria
(c) Genital Warts (iii) Treponema 149. The region of biosphere reserve which is legally protected and
where no human activity is allowed is known as
(d) AIDS (iv) Human Papilloma – Virus
Options: (1) buffer zone. (2) transition zone.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (3) restoration zone. (4) core zone.
(1) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) 150. A gene whose expression helps to identify transformed cell is
(2) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) known as
(3) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (1) vector. (2) plasmid.
(4) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (3) structural gene. (4) selectable marker.
142. Which among these is the correct combination of aquatic 151. Which of the following components provides sticky character
mammals? to the bacterial cell?
(1) Dolphins, Seals, Trygon. (1) Nuclear membrane (2) Plasma membrane
(2) Whales, Dolphins, Seals. (3) Glycocalyx (4) Cell wall
(3) Trygon, Whales, Seals.
152. The final proof for DNA as the genetic material came from the
(4) Seals, Dolphins, Sharks.
experiments of
143. Coconut fruit is a (1) Hershey and Chase.
(1) Berry. (2) Nut. (2) Avery, Mcleod and McCarty.
(3) Capsule. (4) Drupe. (3) Hargobind Khorana.
(4) Griffith.
144. A dioecious flowering plant prevents both
(1) autogamy and geitonogamy. 153. Fruit and leaf drop at early stages can be prevented by the
(2) geitonogamy and xenogamy. application of
(3) cleistogamy and xenogamy. (1) ethylene. (2) auxins.
(4) autogamy and xenogamy. (3) gibberellic acid. (4) cytokinins.
145. Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions? 154. Which one of the following statements is not valid for
aerosols?
(1) Eubacteria
(1) They alter rainfall and monsoon patterns.
(2) Cyanobacteria
(2) They cause increased agricultural productivity.
(3) Mycobacteria
(3) They have negative impact on agricultural land.
(4) Archaebacteria
(4) They are harmful to human health.
146. Which among the following are the smallest living cells,
known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well 155. Which of the following options gives the correct sequence of
as animals and can survive without oxygen? events during mitosis?
(1) Pseudomonas (2) Mycoplasma (1) condensation → nuclear membrane disassembly →
arrangement at equator → centromere division → seg-
(3) Nostoc (4) Bacillus
regation → telophase.
147. With reference to factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, (2) condensation → crossing over → nuclear membrane
which of the following statements is not correct? disassembly → segregation → telophase.
(1) Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration up to 0.5% (3) condensation → arrangement at equator → centromere
can enhance CO2 fixation rate. division → segregation telophase.
(2) C3 plants respond to higher temperatures with enhanced (4) condensation → nuclear membrane disassembly →
photosynthesis while C4 plants have much lower tem- crossing over → segregation → telophase.
perature optimum.
156. In Bougainvillea, thorns are the modifications of
(3) Tomato is a greenhouse crop which can be grown in
CO2 – enriched atmosphere for higher yield. (1) adventitious root. (2) stem.
(4) Light saturation for CO2 fixation occurs at 10% of full (3) leaf. (4) stipules.
sunlight.
157. If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 168. Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not
333 amino acids, and the base at position 901 is deleted such collapse even after forceful expiration, because of
that the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how many (1) inspiratory reserve volume. (2) tidal volume.
codons will be altered?
(3) expiratory reserve volume. (4) residual volume.
(1) 11 (2) 33 (3) 333 (4) 1
169. In case of Poriferans, the spongocoel is lined with flagellated
158. Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non- cells called
acceptance by the patient’s body. Which type of immune-
(1) oscula. (2) choanocytes.
response is responsible for such rejections?
(3) mesenchymal cells. (4) ostia.
(1) Cell-mediated immune response
(2) Hormonal immune response 170. Which one of the following is related to ex-situ conservation
(3) Physiological immune response of threatened animals and plants?
(4) Autoimmune response (1) Biodiversity hot spots (2) Amazon rainforest
(3) Himalayan region (4) Wildlife Safari parks
159. Select the correct route for the passage of sperms in male frogs
(1) Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Seminal 171. Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in
Vesicle → Urinogenital duct → Cloaca. animal cell?
(2) Testes → Vasa efferentia → Bidder’s canal → Ureter → (1) tRNA (2) mRNA
Cloaca. (3) miRNA (4) rRNA
(3) Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Bidder’s canal →
172. Which statement is wrong for Krebs’ cycle?
Urinogenital duct → Cloaca.
(4) Testes → Bidder’s canal → Kidney → Vasa efferentia → (1) There is one point in the cycle where FAD+ is reduced to
Urinogenital duct → Cloaca. FADH2.
(2) During conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid, a
160. A temporary endocrine gland in the human body is molecule of GTP is synthesized.
(1) corpus cardiacum. (2) corpus luteum. (3) The cycle starts with condensation of acetyl group
(3) corpus allatum. (4) pineal gland. (acetyl CoA) with pyruvic acid to yield citric acid.
(4) There are three points in the cycle where NAD+ is
161. Attractants and rewards are required for reduced to NADH + H+.
(1) entomophily. (2) hydrophily.
173. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults does not cause
(3) cleistogamy. (4) anemophily.
further increase in height, because
162. Functional megaspore in an angiosperm develops into (1) epiphyseal plates close after adolescence.
(1) endosperm. (2) embryo sac. (2) bones lose their sensitivity to growth hormone in adults.
(3) embryo. (4) ovule. (3) muscle fibers do not grow in size after birth.
(4) growth hormone becomes inactive in adults.
163. Which of the following in sewage treatment removes
suspended solids? 174. Plants which produce characteristic pneumatophores and
(1) Secondary treatment (2) Primary treatment show vivipary belong to
(3) Sludge treatment (4) Tertiary treatment (1) halophytes. (2) psammophytes.
(3) hydrophytes. (4) mesophytes.
164. Presence of plants arranged into well-defined vertical layers
depending on their height can be seen best in 175. Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when
(1) Tropical rain forest (2) Grassland. (1) K=N
(3) Temperate forest. (4) Tropical Savannah (2) K>N
165. Which of the following is made up of dead cells? (3) K<N
(4) The value of ‘r’ approaches zero
(1) Collenchyma (2) Phellem
(3) Phloem (4) Xylem parenchyma 176. Good vision depends on adequate intake of carotene rich food.
Select the best option from the following statements.
166. Zygotic meiosis is characteristic of
(a) Vitamin A derivatives are formed from carotene.
(1) Fucus. (2) Funaria.
(b) The photo-pigments are embedded in the membrane
(3) Chlamydomonas. (4) Marchantia. discs of the inner segment.
167. MALT constitutes about _________ of the lymphoid tissue in (c) Retinal is derivative of vitamin A.
human body. (d) Retinal is a light absorbing part of all the visual photopig-
(1) 20% (2) 70% (3) 10% (4) 50% ments.
ANSWER KEY
Physics
1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (1) 6. (1) 7. (2) 8. (2) 9. (3) 10. (1)
11. (4) 12. (4) 13. (4) 14. (4) 15. (2) 16. (2) 17. (1) 18. (1) 19. (2) 20. (1)
21. (4) 22. (1) 23. (1,4) 24. (2) 25. (3) 26. (2) 27. (1) 28. (3) 29. (3) 30. (4)
31. (3) 32. (1) 33. (2) 34. (4) 35. (2) 36. (1) 37. (2) 38. (4) 39. (2) 40. (2)
41. (3) 42. (3) 43. (2) 44. (2) 45. (1)
Chemistry
46. (1) 47. (1) 48. (1) 49. (1) 50. (1) 51. (3) 52. (1) 53. (4) 54. (3) 55. (1)
56. (3) 57. (1) 58. (2) 59. (3) 60. (1) 61. (4) 62. (1) 63. (2) 64. (1) 65. (3)
66. (3) 67. (3) 68. (2) 69. (2) 70. (1) 71. (2) 72. (1) 73. (3) 74. (3) 75. (2)
76. (2) 77. (3) 78. (2) 79. (4) 80. (3) 81. (2) 82. (1) 83. (1) 84. (3) 85. (1)
86. (3) 87. (3) 88. (2) 89. (4) 90. (3)
Biology
91. (1) 92. (3) 93. (2) 94. (4) 95. (2) 96. (2) 97. (2) 98. (2) 99. (1) 100. (4)
101. (1) 102. (2) 103. (2) 104. (1) 105. (1) 106. (1) 107. (3) 108. (1) 109. (4) 110. (3)
111. (3) 112. (4) 113. (4) 114. (2) 115. (1) 116. (3) 117. (3) 118. (1) 119. (4) 120. (3)
121. (3) 122. (2) 123. (1) 124. (1) 125. (1) 126. (4) 127. (4) 128. (2) 129. (3) 130. (2)
131. (2) 132. (3) 133. (3) 134. (3) 135. (2) 136. (2) 137. (1) 138. (3) 139. (2) 140. (4)
141. (4) 142. (2) 143. (4) 144. (1) 145. (4) 146. (2) 147. (2) 148. (2) 149. (4) 150. (4)
151. (3) 152. (1) 153. (2) 154. (2) 155. (1) 156. (2) 157. (2) 158. (1) 159. (3) 160. (2)
161. (1) 162. (2) 163. (2) 164. (1) 165. (2) 166. (3) 167. (4) 168. (4) 169. (2) 170. (4)
171. (4) 172. (3) 173. (1) 174. (1) 175. (1) 176. (1) 177. (1) 178. (3) 179. (4) 180. (4)
A B
A1 ( μ1 − 1) = A2 ( μ2 − 1)
10(1.42 – 1) = A2(1.7 – 1)
Hence, the diode circuit shown in option (4) is the one which ⇒ A2 = 6°
satisfies the above-mentioned concept. Answer (1)
Answer (4)
18. The given situation is depicted in the following circuit diagram:
13. The torque of the coil is C
τ = BINAsinθ
Therefore, the work done for rotating the coil by 180° against
the torque τ is x q
+ −
∫ τ dθ = BINA∫ sin θ dθ
q
V
mg
(a) (b)
The normal acting on the particle of mass m is
C
N = mg
The voltage in the capacitor C is given by The tension acting on the particle is
q +q q+0 mv2
VC = 1 2 = T=
C1 + C2 C + C r
V Therefore, the resultant force acting on the particle is T (inwards).
VC =
2 Answer (4)
The initial energy is
22. The frequency of nth harmonic vibration in a closed pipe is
1
Ui = CV 2 (1) ⎛ 2n − 1⎞
2 fn = ⎜ f = 220 Hz
⎝ 42 ⎟⎠
The final energy is
2 2 The frequency of (n + 1)th harmonic vibration is
1 ⎛V ⎞ 1 ⎛V ⎞ CV 2
Uf = C ⎜ ⎟ + C ⎜ ⎟ = [2( n + 1) − 1] f ( 2n + 1) f )
2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 4 fn+1 = = = 260 Hz
42 42
The loss of energy is
However, we have
CV 2
Ui − Uf = (2) fn+1 – fn = 260 Hz – 220 Hz = 40 Hz
4
That is, from Eqs. (1) and (2), we see that the total electrostatic That is,
[( 2n + 1) − ( 2n − 1)] f
energy of the resulting system decreases by a factor of 2. = 40
42
Answer (1)
2f
19. The velocity of Preeti w.r.t. the elevator is = 40
42
d f
= Vground E ⇒ = 20 Hz
t1 42
Velocity of the elevator w.r.t. the ground is which is the fundamental frequency of the system.
d Answer (1)
Velev G =
t2 23. The photoelectric threshold wavelength of silver is given by
Therefore, the velocity of the girl w.r.t. the ground is
λ0 = 3250 Å
Vground G = Vground E + Velev G
and the velocity of the electron ejected from a silver surface by
d d d ultraviolet light of wavelength λ is given by
= +
t t1 t2 λ = 2536 Å
1 1 1 tt Now,
= + ⇒t = 12 1 2 ⎡1 1 ⎤
t t1 t2 t1 + t2 mv = hc ⎢ − ⎥
Answer (2) 2 ⎢⎣ λ λ0 ⎥⎦
20. From the thermodynamic process depicted in the graph 2hc ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
(provided in the question), we conclude the following: ⇒v= ⎢ − ⎥
m ⎢⎣ λ λ0 ⎥⎦
• Process (I) → Constant volume → Isochoric
• Process (II) → PV γ = k → Adiabatic 2 × 12400 × 1.6 × 10 ⎡
−19
714 ⎤
• Process (III) → Constant temperature → Isothermal = ⎢ 2536 × 3250 ⎥
9.1 × 10−31 ⎣ ⎦
• Process (IV) → Constant pressure → Isobaric
Answer (1) = 0.6 × 10 m/s = 6 × 10 m/s
6 5
*
Conflict question because two options [both (1) and (4)] are
21. The given situation is depicted in Fig. (a) and its free-body correct for this question.
diagram is depicted in Fig. (b). Answer (*1, 4)
24. Let us name the resistances and inductors as shown in the The torque about the central line of the cylinder is
following circuit diagram: τ = F × R = (30 × 4 × 10-2) N m
The angular acceleration is
+ L1 R2 R3 3× 4 100
α= = rad/s2= 25 rad/s2
e 3 × (0.4)2 4
−
R1 L2 C Answer (2)
27. Let angular velocity of combination be ω .
At t = 0, no current flows through the resistances R1 and R3. From conservation of angular momentum, we have
Therefore, the further simplified circuit is shown as follows: Iω1 + Iω2 = (I + I)ω
I 1
ω = (ω1 + ω2 )
2
The initial kinetic energy is given by
+ 1 2 1 2
e R2 (K.E.)i = Iω + Iω
−
2 1 2 2
The final kinetic energy is given by
1 1
(K.E.)f = ( 2 I )ω 2 = I (ω1 + ω2 )2
2 4
Now, the current flow is given as The loss of energy due to the whole process is
ε 18 Δ(K.E.) = (K.E.)i − (K.E.)f
I= = ⇒I =2A
R2 9 1 1
= I (ω12 + ω22 ) − I (ω12 + ω22 + 2ω1ω2 )
Answer (2) 2 4
I 2
25. We have = (ω1 + ω22 − 2ω1ω2 )
4
θ = εσ AT 4 I
= (ω1 − ω2 )2
4
If the radius were halved, then we have Answer (1)
r
r2 = 1 28. The total internal energy of the given system (2 moles of O2 and
2
4 moles of Ar) is obtained as follows:
Therefore,
A f
U = nRT
A2 = 1 (since A ∝ r2 ) 2
4
5 3
Now, Utotal = ( 2) RT + ( 4) RT = 11 RT
2 2
T2 = 2T Answer (3)
Therefore, 29. The bulk modulus of an object is
θ2 ( A1 / 4)(16T14 )
= =4 P
θ1 AT 4 B=
1
⎛ ΔV ⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟
⇒ θ2 = 4θ1 = 4 × 450 = 1800 V ⎠
which is the power radiated by the given blackbody. ΔV P
⇒ =
Answer (3) V B
Therefore, after the decrease in radius of the spherical object,
26. We have the situation depicted as shown in Fig. (a). The free-
we get
body diagram of the situation is shown in the Fig. (b). Δr P
3 =
Rope Rope r B
Δr P
F = 30 N ⇒ =
r 3B
R = 40 cm which is the fractional decrease of radius of the given spherical
object.
M = 3 kg Answer (3)
30. It is not necessary that centre of mass (COM) and centre of
gravity (COG) coincide in objects [see the figures: Fig. (a)
F = 9.8 × 3 N depicts a square object where COM and COG coincide and
Fig. (b) Depicts a shapeless object where COM and COG are at
(a) (b) different locations on the object.]
COM COM kx − 3 mg 4 mg − 3 mg g
aA = = = (upwards)
and 3m 3m 3
COG For, the mass m, the acceleration acts downwards as shown in
the following figure:
COG
kx
(a) (b)
I. Centre of mass
• It is the point where the whole mass of body is concen- 3m m
trated.
• If an external force is applied on COM, its torque will be a=g
zero. 3 mg mg
II. Centre of gravity
• It is the point where the torque of gravitational force is That is
zero. aB = g .
• COM and COG may or may not coincide. Answer (1)
Now, we have
Output force 33. For the last Balmer series:
Mechanical advantage =
Input force 1 ⎡1 1 ⎤
= R⎢ 2 − 2 ⎥
If the mechanical advantage is greater than 1, then we have λB ⎣ 2 ∞ ⎦
Output > Input 4
⇒ λB =
Thus, less effort is required to lift a large road. R
Hence, statements (b) and (d) are correct. For the last Lyman series:
Answer (4) 1 ⎛1 1⎞
= R⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟
λL ⎝1 ∞ ⎠
31. For the given situation, the acceleration due to gravity at height
h is expressed as 1
⇒ λL =
⎛ 2h ⎞ R
gn = g0 ⎜1 − ⎟ h = 1 km Therefore, the ratio of wavelengths between these two series is
⎝ R⎠
and the acceleration due to gravity at depth d is λB 4 /R
= =4
⎛ d⎞ λL 1/R
gd = g0 ⎜1 − ⎟ Answer (2)
⎝ R⎠
gn = gd 34. The given optical situation is depicted in the following figure:
⎛ 2h ⎞ ⎛ d⎞ y
g0 ⎜1 − ⎟ = g0 ⎜1 − ⎟
⎝ R⎠ ⎝ R⎠
Therefore,
d = 2h = 2 × 1 km = 2 km
2q
Answer (3)
x
32. The free-body diagram of the given situation (of masses 3m
and m) is depicted in the following figures:
kx
When the mirror is rotated by a small angle θ, the angle of
refraction is 2θ.
y
3m m tan2θ =
x
Since θ is too small, we have the angle θ obtained as follows:
y y
mg 2θ = ⇒θ =
x 2x
Before the string is cut, we have Answer (4)
kx = T + 3mg(1) 35. The length of the spring segment is
T = mg(2) l l l
Therefore, from Eqs. (1) and (2), we get , ,
6 3 2
kx = 4mg 1
As we know that the force constant k ∝ , the spring constant
for spring segment is l
After the string is cut, we have
T = 0 k1 = 6k; k2= 3k; k3 = 2k
H −
NH2 −
− Br −
Br Br
−
NH2
OCH3 OCH3
OCH3
NH2 NH2 −
NH3
NH3 +
−
NH2
More stable Less stable
carbanion carbanion
(The negative charge is farther to
electron donating group)
Answer (1)
50. Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of 56. In case of hydrogen or hydrogen like species, the energy of
solute per liter of solution. electron is determined only by the principal quantum number.
Moles of solute The energy of all the orbitals in a given shell is the same, irre-
Molarity = spective of the shape of the orbital. Thus, the order of energy
Litresof solution
levels is 1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d
Since, volume is a function of temperature, therefore, molarity
changes with temperature. Answer (3)
Answer (1) 57. A catalyst in a system that reaches a point of equilibrium
51. Any three-dimensional arrangement of atoms that results from increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions pro-
rotation about a single bond is called a conformation. In con- portionally, but does not change the point of equilibrium. The
formation of ethane, there is no change in bond length and bond function of a catalyst is simply to reach the point of equilibrium
angle. Change occurs only in dihedral or torsional angle. in less time. Hence, the value of equilibrium constant is does
not change in the presence of catalyst in the reaction.
Answer (3)
Answer (1)
52. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) decolorizes acidified KMnO4 solution.
The reaction is 58. The reactions are as follows:
H+
MnO + SO2 ⎯⎯→
−
4
Mn 2+
+ SO + H2O
2−
4
Hg2+ ⎯KI
⎯→ HgI2 ⎯excess
⎯⎯⎯ KI
→ [HgI ]
4
2−
Colorless/Light pink
Purple
Answer (1) Scarlet red ppt. Colourless soluble complex
I2 + I− (excess) → I3−
53. Due to inert pair effect, the stability of the lower oxidation state (Dark brown complex)
increases on descending the group. Answer (2)
Thus Sn2+ is a reducing agent while Pb4+ is oxidizing agent as
59. Aryl amines are basic in nature due to the presence of lone pair
Pb2+ is more stable than Pb4+
of electrons on nitrogen atom. Among the given compounds,
Answer (4)
(III) is most basic as electron donating alkyl group increases the
54. The overall rate of the reaction depends on the rate of the electron density on the nitrogen atom while in compound (II)
slowest step. Since, two reagents are involved in the rate deter- electron density decreases due to the presence of electron with-
mining step; the overall rate of reaction is proportional to the drawing nitro group, thus is less basic than aniline (I). Hence,
concentrations of only those reagents. the increasing order of basic strength is (II) < (I) < (III).
Rate = k [ X ][Y2 ] Answer (3)
From X 2 → X + X (1) 60. Compounds that contain carbon–metal bonds are called organo-
metallic compounds. This bond can be either a direct carbon to
[X ] 2
keq = metal bond (σ bond or sigma bond) or a metal complex bond
[ X2 ] (π bond or pi bond). Among the given compounds, Grignard
[ X ] = keq [ X 2 ]1/ 2 (2) reagent is an example of sigma bonded organometallic com-
pound.
From Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), we get Answer (1)
Rate = k keq [ X 2 ] [Y2 ] 1/ 2
61. We have
= k ′ [ X 2 ] [Y2 ]
1/ 2
SrCO3 (s) SrO(s) + CO2 (g)
Hence, the overall order of the reaction = 1+ 0.5 =1.5 Also,
Answer (3)
K p = pCO = 1.6 atm
55. The equilibrium constants of the following are
2
From combined gas law
N2 + 3H2 2 NH3 K1 (1)
pV
1 1
= p2V2 (1)
N2 + O2 2 NO K2 (2)
Substituting p1 = 0.4 atm, V1 = 20 L and p2 = 1.6 atm in Eq. (1),
1
H2 + O2 → H2O K3 (3) we get
2
0.4 × 20 = 1.6 × V2
Target reaction:
0.4 × 20
5 V2 = = 5L
2NH3 + O2 2 NO + 3H2O K (4) 1.6
2 Answer (4)
Now,
62. Antiseptics are chemical substances that prevent the growth of
Eq. (4) = Eq. (2) + 3 × Eq. (3) − Eq. (1)
microorganisms or kill them but are not harmful when applied
Therefore, to human tissues. Mixture of mixture of chloroxylenol and
K K3
K= 2 3 terpineol is an example of antiseptic.
K1
Answer (1) Answer (1)
63. Mn atom has the outer electronic structure 3d54s2. Thus a Mn3+ ion will have the structure 3d4, and the electrons will be arranged as:
3d 4s 4p 4d
Mn3+:
CN− is a strong field ligand; therefore, pairing of electrons takes place which leads to d2sp3 hybridization with octahedral shape.
−
[Mn(CN)6]3 : xx xx xx xx xx xx
d2sp3 hybridization
(Octahedral shape)
Answer (2)
64. The correct shape of interhalogen compounds is as follows: 68. Phenolic ethers are cleaved at the alkyl–oxygen bond on heating
with HI. This is due to the greater stability of aryl–oxygen bond
Compounds Shape Hybridization because of stabilization of lone pair of atom on oxygen atom on
XX′ Linear the sp2 hybridized carbon atom of the aryl ring. The reaction is
70. For first order reactions, we have Since the system is well insulated, q = 0. Form first law of
2.303 [A ] thermodynamics, we have
t= log 0 (1)
k [At ] ΔE = q + w
Substituting k =10 s , A0= 20 g and At = 5 g in Eq. (1), we get
-2 -1 ΔE = 0 = w − 506.5 J
Answer (2)
2.303 ⎛ 20 ⎞
t= log ⎜ ⎟ 76. In actinoids, the 5f orbitals extend in space beyond 6s and 6p
10−2 ⎝ 5⎠
orbitals and participate in bonding as energy difference between
2.303 5f, 6d and 7s levels is comparable.
= × 0.60205
10−2 Answer (2)
= 138.6 s 77. The ortho and para isomers can be separated by steam distilla-
Answer (1)
tion. Steam distillation is used for purifying substances that are
71. The bond order of given species are as follows: steam volatile and immiscible with water. Ortho-nitrophenol is
Species Bond order steam volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding while
para-nitrophenol is less volatile due to intermolecular hydrogen
+
O2 , NO 2 and 3 bonding which cause association of molecules.
CN , CO −
3 and 3 Answer (3)
N2 , O2− 3 and 1.5 78. The reactions involved are as follows:
CO, NO 3 and 2.5 [Co( NH3 )6 ]Cl3 + 3AgNO3 → [Co( NH3 )6 ]( NO3 )3 + 3AgCl ↓
Answer (2) [Co( NH3 )5 Cl]Cl2 + 2AgNO3 → [Co( NH3 )5 Cl]( NO3 )2 + 2AgCl ↓
72. S4 O6 and S2O3 have S–S bond. The structures are as follows:
2- 2-
[Co( NH3 )4 Cl2 ]Cl + AgNO3 → [C
Co( NH3 )4 Cl2 ]( NO3 ) + AgCl ↓
− Answer (2)
S S O O
O S
79. Energy absorbed is inversely proportional to the absorbed
S − S S S S O 1
O O O O wavelength, that is, E ∝ .
O− O− O O− λ
Presence of strong field ligand increases the energy gap Δ0
2− 2−
S2O3 S4O6 between the t2g and eg levels, therefore, decreases the wavelength
of light absorbed. The order of ligand field strength is H2O < NH3
Answer (1) < en. Hence, increasing order for the wavelength of absorption in
73. The reaction involved is the visible region is [Co(en)3 ]3+ < [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ < [Co(H2O)6 ]3+
Ag2C2O4 (s) 2Ag+ + C2O24 − Answer (4)
[Ag+ ] = 2.2 × 10−4 mol L−1 80. An electron-withdrawing group (−NO2) increases the acidity
of a phenol while electron donating (−CH3) group decrease
[C2O24 − ] = 0.5 [Ag+ ] = 0.5 × 2.2 × 10−4
the acidity of a phenol relative to phenol itself. 2, 4, 6-Trinitro-
= 1.1 × 10−4 mol L−1 phenol (picric acid) contains three electron withdrawing nitro
Ksp = [Ag+ ] 2 [C2O24 − ] groups therefore is most acidic among the given compounds.
The increasing order of acidity is
= ( 2.2 × 10−4 )2 × (1.1 × 10−4 )
OH OH OH OH
= 5.3 × 10−12
Answer (3) O2N NO2
74. Ionic mobility is defined as the ability of an ion to move in an < < <
aqueous solution. Larger the hydrated radius, lesser is the ionic
mobility, that is,
1 CH3 NO2 NO2
Ionic radius ∝
Hydrated radius Answer (3)
Thus, the order of ionic mobility will be in the reverse order of
81. Both XeF2 and IBr2− are linear molecules. Their structures are
the hydrated radius. The ionic size increases as we go down the
as follows:
group, therefore, the hydrated radius decreases and the order of
F –
ionic mobility is
Br I Br
Li (aq ) < Na (aq ) < K (aq ) < Rb (aq ) < Cs (aq )
+ + + + +
Answer (3)
Xe
75. Work done by a gas in an irreversible expansion is given by
w = − pΔV
= −2.5( 4.5 − 2.5) = −5 L atm F
= − 5 × 101.3 J = − 506.5 J Answer (2)
HO
−
+O
−
O O + H2 O
Enolate anion
−
O + O O
−
O
−
∆
O + H 2O O + OH
H − H2O
O
−
O HO
Answer (1)
84. The three-dimensional shapes of proteins are dependent on 86. Process used for extraction of silver is cyanide process.
the temperature. If the environment such as temperature, pH Reactions taking place at the different stages in the cyanide
changes, a protein may lose its characteristic shape (secondary, process are as follows:
tertiary and quaternary structure).This process is called dena-
Ag2S + 4 NaCN (excess) 2[Ag(CN )2 ] + Na2S
turation. Denatured proteins lose their functional ability and
become inactive. 4 Na2S + 5O2 (air ) + 2H2O → 2 Na2SO4 + 4 NaOH + 2S
Answer (3)
In the step involving precipitation of Ag, a little excess of Zn
85. The hydrogen bonded to the carbon of a terminal alkyne, called powder is added by which Na[Ag(CN)2] becomes the limiting
an acetylenic hydrogen atom, is considerably more acidic than reagent, otherwise the loss of Ag will be more. Here Zn is cho-
those bonded to carbons of an alkene or alkane. Hybridization sen because it is more electropositive as compared to Ag and the
of terminal carbon is shown as: replacement reaction occurs very easily.
sp sp sp2 sp3 2 Na[Ag(CN )2 ] + Zn → Na2 [Zn(CN )4 ] + 2Ag ↓
CH CH > CH3 C CH > CH2 CH2 > CH3 CH3
Answer (3)
Greater s orbital character in carbon hybridization, greater is
87. Electrophiles are reagents that seek electrons so as to achieve
its acidity. Being the most electronegative, the sp-hybridized
a stable shell of electrons like that of a noble gas. They can be
carbon atom of ethyne polarizes its C—H bonds to the great-
neutral (BF3 and AlCl3) or positively charged ( CH3+ ) species
est extent, causing its hydrogens to be most positive. Therefore,
and can form a bond by accepting a pair of electrons from a
ethyne donates a proton to a base more readily. Alkyl being an
nucleophile.
electron donating group reduces the acidity of alkynes.
Answer (1) Answer (3)
Cu [Ag(NH3)2]+
CH3 CH2 OH CH3 CHO Silver mirror
573 K
observed
(X) (A)
Ethanol Ethanal
O OH−/ ∆
NH2 NH C NH2 (Aldol condensation)
O O
89. The IUPAC name of the compound is 3-keto-2-methylhex-4- 94. A little amount of filtered water is reabsorbed in the descending
en-1-al. limb of the loop of Henle, little or no water is reabsorbed in the
ascending limb because the membranes are virtually imperme-
O O
able to water.
1 2 3 4 5 6
H C CH C CH CH CH3 Answer (4)
CH3 95. RBCs lack nucleus and other organelles and can neither repro-
duce nor carry extensive metabolic activities. Every 100 mL
Answer (4) of blood of a healthy human being contains 12–16 g of hemo-
90. When an ion is displaced from its regular position to an intersti- globin. Red blood cells are highly specialized for their oxygen
tial position, it creates a vacancy at the original site and a defect transport function. Because mature RBCs have no nucleus, all
at the interstitial site; this pair of vacancy-interstitial is called their internal space is available for oxygen transport
Frenkel defect. This defect is exhibited by the compounds in Answer (2)
which metal cations are generally smaller than the anions. 96. The hemichordates bear gill slits and hollow nerve chord, which
Examples are ZnS, AgCl, AgBr and AgI. is identifying characteristics of chordates. The pharynx consists
Answer (3) of gill slits.
Answer (2)
Biology 97. Species–Area Relationships (SAR) is an important concept in
ecology. The SAR links area with species richness. The bigger
the area, the more are the number of species found. Alexander
91. ANF is atrial natriuretic factor. ANF is a hormone produced by
von Humboldt observed that there is an increase in species rich-
the walls of the atria of the heart in response to an increase in
ness with increasing explored area only up to a certain limit.
blood volume and pressure. It increases sodium excretion and
decreases blood pressure. Answer (2)
Answer (1) 98. Sapwood is the part of wood in a living tree that contains liv-
ing cells and reserve materials. It is converted into heartwood
92. Small organic molecules can combine into very large molecules due to death of parenchyma and other living cells of the wood
that are called macromolecules or biomacromolecules. The acid followed by removal of reserved substances or their conversion
insoluble portion of the cellular pool consists of the biomac- into heartwood substances. The function of conduction of water
romolecules from cytoplasm and organelles. These include and minerals from the roots is now performed by outer younger
proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and polysaccharides. Except for rings of secondary xylem which is the sap wood or alburnum.
lipids, the other biomacromolecules are polymeric and have
Answer (2)
molecular weight in the range of 10,000 Da and above.
Answer (3) 99. Holoenzyme is a catalytically active enzyme-cofactor complex.
The enzymatically inactive protein resulting from the removal
93. Deciduous teeth begin to erupt at about 6 months of age and one of a holoenzyme’s cofactor is referred to as an apoenzyme. The
pair appears about each month thereafter until all 20 are present coenzymes also act as cofactors in different enzyme-catalyzed
(8 incisors, 4 canines, 0 premolars and 8 molars). They are gen- reactions, thus they are reaction specific.
erally lost in the same sequence between 6 and 12 years of age. Apoenzyme (inactive) + Coenzyme (Cofactor) = Holoenzyme
Answer (2) (active)
Answer (1)
100. The cells of region of elongation gradually differentiate and 106. In colonial algae, the cells are present in group and form
become functionally mature and form the region of matura- colonies. The colonies can be motile (e.g., Volvox) due to the
tion. The cells mature and differentiate to form primary tissue presence of flagellum or non-motile due to its absence (e.g,
of root-cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles, etc. Hydrodictyon).
Most of the water absorption occurs in this region. The epider- Answer (1)
mal cells give rise to lateral tubular outgrowth known as root
hairs which help in increasing surface area for absorption of 107. Capacitation is the change which occurs in sperm before
water. Since numerous root hairs are present in this region, it fertilization, by destabilizing the acrosomal sperm head. This
is also known as root hair region. change occurs in mammals only in the reproductive tract of
female.
Answer (4)
Answer (3)
101. Mendel choose 14 pea plants to focus on seven clearly defin-
able characters, including plant height and flower color, each 108. The free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria are widespread; how-
of which occurred in two allelomorphic traits. ever, they grow slowly as large amount of their respiratory
energy is required to fix dinitrogen. Thus, except for the pho-
S. No Character Dominant Recessive tosynthetic species, they confine to habitats rich in organic
Trait Trait carbon.
1 Plant height Tall Dwarf Although some species are aerobic (e.g., Azotobacter,
Beijerinckia), most fix dinitrogen under anaerobic condi-
2 Flower color Purple White tions or in the presence of low oxygen. These include both
3 Flower/pod position Axial Terminal non-photosynthetic genera (Clostridium, Bacillus, Klebsiella)
4 Pod shape Inflated Constricted and photosynthetic genera (Chromatium, Rhodospirillum) of
bacteria.
5 Pod color Green Yellow Answer (1)
6 Seed shape Round Wrinkled 109. Inbreeding refers to the mating between the closely related
7 Seed color Yellow Green individuals for 4–6 generations within the same breed. If the
parent stock contains desirable characteristics, then these are
Answer (1) inherited by the offspring. For example, a cow that produces
102. The orientation of microfibrils in the guard cells also plays an large amount and good quality of milk can be mated with a
important role in opening and closing of stomata. The micro- bull which can produce superior offspring as compared to oth-
fibrils are arranged in a radial fashion and fan out from the ers in the breed. In animals, inbreeding is used to develop pure
central area of the ventral wall. lines as it increases homozygosity.
Answer (2) Answer (4)
103. The core of nucleosome consists of an octamer (8 mole- 110. At the end of a PCR, a sample of the reaction mixture is usu-
cules; two molecules each of histones H2a, H2b, H3, and H4) ally analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA pro-
of histones and 146 bp DNA. Around 200 bp of DNA helix duced should be sufficient for the amplified fragment to be
are associated with a nucleosome. They are all stabilized by visible as a discrete band after staining with EtBr. Ethidium
the binding of one molecule of histone H1 to the outside of bromide binds to DNA molecules by intercalating between
the structure. The nucleosome further coils to form solenoid adjacent base pairs, causing partial unwinding of the DNA
having 6 nucleosomes per turn. Actually, the nucleosomal double helix. Bands showing the positions of the different
organization has approximately 10 nm thickness, which gets sizes of DNA fragment are clearly visible under ultraviolet
further condensed and coiled to produce a solenoid of 30 nm. irradiation after EtBr staining, as long as sufficient DNA is
This solenoid structure undergoes further coiling to produce a present.
chromatin fiber of 30–80 nm and then a chromatid of 700 nm. Answer (3)
Answer (2) 111. Double fertilization is a process unique to angiosperms. They
104. Electrophoresis is a technique that uses differences in elec- are able to undergo double fertilization where the fusion takes
trical charges to separate the molecules in a mixture. Since place twice, one between the egg cell and a male gamete and
DNA molecules have negative charges, they migrate towards the other between the polar nuclei and the second male gam-
the positive pole when placed in an electric field. ete. This accounts for their widespread growth.
Answer (1) Answer (3)
105. Purification and downstream processing technologies are used 112. The water potential of pure water at standard temperature and
to separate and purify the specific protein or organic com- atmospheric pressure is taken to be zero.
pound. Downstream processing (DSP) refers to the recovery Answer (4)
and purification of products that are produced by fermentation
or other industrial processes. 113. Twelve pairs of ribs, numbered 1–12 from superior to inferior,
give structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity. The
Answer (1) first seven pairs of ribs that have costal cartilages and attach
directly to the sternum are called true (vertebrosternal) ribs. pre-mRNAs, introns are excised on complex ribonucleopro-
They attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally tein structures called spliceosomes. It occurs in the eukaryotes
to the sternum by a hyaline cartilage. (fungi, animals and plants) and absent in prokarytoes such as
Answer (4) bacteria.
Answer (3)
114. In binary fission, a cell duplicates its components and divides
into two cells. Asexual reproduction in bacteria is by binary 121. Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria. Pyruvate
fission. Before binary fission, there is replication of genetic produced during glycolysis is transported from cytoplasm into
material. After this, the cell divides. In continuously dividing mitochondria. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple
cells, DNA synthesis is continuous and the bacterial chromo- sugars such as glucose or into sugars that are changed to glu-
some is replicated shortly before the cell divides. The chro- cose. Glucose is metabolized by glycolysis, the Krebs’ cycle
mosome is attached to the cell membrane, which grows and and the electron transport chain. During electron transfer,
separates the replicated chromosomes. Replication of the protons are removed from the mitochondrion. This produces a
chromosome is completed before cell division, when the cell proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. The free
may temporarily contain two or more nucleoids. energy stored as a result of oxidation-reduction in this electro-
Answer (2) chemical gradient helps in the synthesis of ATP from ADP and
Pi, hence it is termed oxidative phosphorylation.
115. Paneth cells are present in crypts of Lieberkühn of duodenum.
Answer (3)
They secrete lysozyme, a bactericidal enzyme and are capable
of phagocytosis. These cells may also have a role in regulating 122. Joint between atlas and axis is pivot joint is an example of
the microbial population in the small intestine. synovial joint. It is characterized by the presence of a fluid
Answer (1) filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the
two bones.
116. The hepatic portal vein receives blood from capillaries of
Answer (2)
gastrointestinal organs (small intestine and portions of large
intestine) and the spleen and delivers it to the sinusoids (blood 123. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the
vessels lined with discontinuous endothelium having phago- hypothalamus controls the ovarian and menstrual cycles.
cytes, also found in spleen and bone marrow) of the liver. GnRH stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hor-
Answer (3) mone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior
pituitary.
117. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique is used to
Answer (1)
treat male infertility (i.e. low sperm count, low motility of
sperm or intracellular sperm infection) and in older couples 124. Order Perissodactyla includes odd-toed ungulates such as
where IVF attempts have been unsuccessful. In this technique, rhinoceros, zebra, etc. Examples: Equus caballus (Horse),
the sperms are obtained from ejaculation and a single sperm is Equus zebra (Zebra), Equus assinis (Ass), Rhinoceros, etc.
injected into a mature egg with the help of a microneedle. The Answer (1)
fertilization rate through ICSI is 60–70%.
125. Biochemical and anatomical adaptations of C4 plants suggest
Answer (3)
that thick impervious walls of the bundle sheath cells do not
118. The gel is made up of agarose (from sea weed) or polyacryl- allow CO2 to escape from the cell. Even if it does, it is trapped
amide or a mixture of two. It has a complex network of pores by phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (the initial fixation
provides sieving effect and allows the DNA molecules to travel PEPcase fixation of PEP) present in the adjacent mesophyll
and reach the positive electrode. The smaller the DNA mole- cells before it can escape from the leaf. Thus, C4 plants, apart
cule, faster is the migration. So the DNA band that is the far- from absorbing CO2, also play a role in trapping and recircu-
thest from the well where it was loaded, is the smallest in size. lating it.
Answer (1) Answer (1)
119. Intrauterine devices (IUD) is a small object made of plastic, 126. In a forest ecosystem, single large-sized tree is attacked by
copper, or stainless steel that is inserted into the cavity of the numerous minute plant-eating insects preyed upon by fewer
uterus through vagina to prevent sperm from entering the fal- spiders and carnivorous insects which are further preyed
lopian tubes and enhance phagocytosis of the sperms. The upon by a lesser number of small sized birds which are finally
copper ions reduce sperm motility and fertilizing capacity. preyed upon by only a few large sized birds of prey. Thus, the
Answer (4) pyramid of number in this ecosystem is spindle-shaped. The
total amount of organic matter on the Earth or in any ecosys-
120. The splicing mechanism must be highly precise and accurate. tem or area is called its biomass. Higher biomass is present in
The exon sequences should be joined accurately so that the forest ecosystem.
codons are read correctly during translation. In tRNA pre-
Answer (4)
cursors, introns are removed by a splicing endonuclease and
ligase. The rRNA precursors are spliced out auto catalytically 127. During meiosis I, if a homologous pair of chromosomes
without any involvement of catalytic proteins. In nuclear does not separate (primary non-disjunction), both the chro-
mosomes appear in one daughter cell, while the other receive
one chromosome less than normal or no chromosomes at all. turn generates an electrical signal (post-synaptic potential).
A trisomy is a condition in which an individual has inherited The neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synap-
an extra chromosome, resulting in three copies of a particu- tic cleft and bind to neurotransmitter receptors in the post-
lar chromosome instead of the usual two copies. Therefore, synaptic neuron’s plasma membrane.
the individual would have 47 instead of 46 chromosomes. The Answer (3)
presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 leads to Down
syndrome. The two chromosomes of 21 do not separate out 133. Before fragment synthesis, a suitable stretch of template must
and pass into a single egg during oogenesis. Thus, the egg now be exposed. This is achieved by the movement of the repli-
has 24 chromosomes instead of 23, and the progeny has 47 cation fork. The strand that is synthesized discontinuously is
chromosomes (45 + XY in male, 45 + XX in female), instead called the lagging strand (template having 5′ → 3′ polarity)
of 46 chromosomes (44 + XX or XY). It does not involve any because initiation of each fragment must wait for the parental
sex-linked chromosome it means it is an autosomal disease. strands to separate or get away and expose additional template.
Reiji Okazaki of Japan discovered that one strand is synthe-
Answer (4)
sized as fragments or small segments. These segments later
128. Lateral meristems, situated along the side of stems and came to be known as Okazaki fragments.
roots, cause secondary growth in plants and produce vascu-
Answer (3)
lar cambium producing secondary xylem and phloem and
cork-cambium producing cork. The cork cambium (phellogen) 134. Pancreatic juice contains following enzymes:
is a lateral meristem which produces dead cells or cork (phel-
lem) towards outerside and living cells of secondary cortex Enzyme Source
(phelloderm) towards inner side. Pancreatic amylase Pancreatic acinar cells
Answer (2) Trypsin (activated from Pancreatic acinar cells
129. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is an alcoholic beverage and also con- trypsinogen by enterokinase)
sidered as psychoactive drug. The names of alcoholic bever- Carboxypeptidase (activated from Pancreatic acinar cells
ages are mainly determined based upon the substrate (grains, procarboxypeptidase by trypsin)
fruit juice, vegetables and other ingredients) used. The yeasts
Pancreatic lipase Pancreatic acinar cells
used in brewing for preparing juices or alcoholic drinks are
called Brewer’s yeast. For example, yeast Saccharomyces cer- Answer (3)
evisiae is used in the fermentation of juices or cereals.
135. Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase
Answer (3)
protein. Its main function is to trigger the transition from
130. Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive form of anemia which metaphase to anaphase by targeting specific cell cycle proteins
occurs due to mutation or deletion of the genes controlling for degradation. The three major target proteins for degrada-
the synthesis of globin chains of hemoglobin. This incomplete tion include securin and S and M cyclins. During metaphase,
synthesis of hemoglobin makes the RBCs small (microcytic), sister chromatids are linked to each other by cohesin. On
pale (hypochromic) and short-lived. Since it is an autosomal being degraded securin releases separase that cleaves cohen-
recessive disease, the mutant allele is carried on one of the sin, making sister chromatids free to move to opposite poles
autosomes, so the carrier can be any one of the two parents. for anaphase. Thus, in absence of APC, chromosomes will not
It means thalassemia is a quantitative disorder. Whereas the be able to segregate from each other and thus will fail to enter
RBCs of a person with sickle-cell anemia contains HbS, an into anaphase.
abnormal kind of hemoglobin. When HbS, gives up oxygen to Answer (2)
the interstitial fluid, it forms long, stiff, rod-like structures that
bend the erythrocyte into a sickle shape. In the case of HbS, 136. I I × I i
A B A
138. Mutualism is a relationship in which two species live together 147. Under high light intensity and high temperature (30–40˚C),
in close association, both benefiting from the relationship, C4 plants show 2–3 times higher rate of photosynthesis (mea-
which can be facultative (when species can live without their sured by CO2 uptake or O2 evolution) than C3 plants. At high
mutualistic partner) and obligate (both the species cannot live temperatures in C3 plants, the rate of photosynthesis decreases
independently under natural conditions). The mutually bene- more rapidly as compared to photorespiration. In C4 plants,
ficial association of fungi with roots of higher plants is called because of absence of or suppressed photorespiration and
mycorrhiza. stability of C4 pathway enzymes, photosynthesis continues to
Answer (3) occur at the same pace even if temperature is high.
Answer (2)
139. Endosperm in coconut (inner to endocarp) are edible.
Endosperm is the tissue produced inside the seeds of flowering 148. Haplo-diplontic life cycle is seen in bryophytes, pteridophytes
plants around the time of fertilization. and algae such as Polysiphonia, Ectocarpus, kelps, etc.
Answer (2) Fucus are generally monoecious with external fertilization.
The dominant plan body is diploid, and it follows diplontic
140. Myelin sheaths are produced by two types of neuroglia –
life cycle.
Schwann cells (in the PNS) and oligodendrocytes (in the
Answer (2)
CNS).
Answer (4) 149. Core zone is an undisturbed or least disturbed and legally
protected area of the biosphere reserve.
141. Gonorrhea (flow of seed) is caused by the bacterium Neisseria
Answer (4)
gonorrheae. Syphilis is caused by Treponema palladium. Also
known as condylomas, genital warts are caused by the human 150. The transformants and the non-transformants can be distin-
papillomavirus (HPV). guished from each other if the recombinant DNA contains
AIDS is a secondary immunodeficiency condition in which a genes for antibiotic resistance (which serves as selectable
person experiences infections due to the progressive destruc- marker). The cells that can grow on the selective medium
tion of immune system cells by the human immunodeficiency containing the antibiotic, against which the recombinant DNA
virus (HIV). AIDS represents the end stage of infection by carries resistance, are transformed cells. Selectable markers
HIV. help in identifying and selectively permitting growth of the
Answer (4) desired transformants.
Answer (4)
142. The lungs are organs by which most reptiles, amphibians,
aquatic mammals, such as whales, seals and dolphins, birds 151. Glycocalyx which is a mucilage layer of the cell envelope
and large land-dwelling animals respire (with the exception of and consists of non-cellulosic polysaccharides with or with-
the insects, spiders, roundworms and earthworms). out proteins. In other words, the capsules or slime and sticky
Answer (2) layers of bacteria are made up of polysaccharide containing
substances. These substances are called glycocalyx which acts
143. Drupe is one-seeded fruit formed from monocarpellary supe- as a single protective unit by providing sticky character to the
rior ovaries. Its pericarp is divided into thin epicarp, fleshy bacterial cell.
mesocarp and stony endocarp. Because of its stony endocarp,
Answer (3)
it is also known as stone fruit. For example, coconut, mango,
almond, peach, etc. 152. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted experiments to
Answer (4) establish that DNA is the genetic material. They used bacte-
riophages (viruses that infect bacteria) and proved that the
144. If male and female flowers are borne on different plants, it is genetic information of the bacterial virus bacteriophage T2
known as dioecious (e.g., Vallisneria, mulberry, papaya). In was present in its DNA. Their experiments were based on the
such cases both autogamy and geitonogamy are prevented and fact that DNA contains phosphorus but no sulphur, whereas
xenogamy is favored. proteins contain sulphur but no phosphorus.
Answer (1) Answer (1)
145. Halophiles are a type of archaebacteria. The bacteria that 153. Auxin is a growth promoting hormone that promotes growth
live in excessively salty environments such as the Great Salt by stimulating expansion of cells. The most common naturally
Lake, the Dead Sea, salt evaporation ponds and the surfaces of occurring auxin is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Auxin plays a
salt-preserved foods are called halophiles. role in development of abscission layer. However, if the auxin
Answer (4) gradient is steep, that is, it is higher in the blade of the leaf
than in the petiole, there will be no abscission. Hence, applica-
146. Mycoplasmas are the smallest cells with only 0.3 μm length tion of auxins such as NAA or 2,4-D prevent their premature
whereas human nerve cells are the longest in the body at falling. This retains the fruit on the tree till it is fully mature
90 cm. Mycoplasma are free-living prokaryotes, and thus do and ready for harvesting. However, it promotes abscission in
not have cell walls. They can survive without oxygen. older leaves and fruits.
Answer (2) Answer (2)
154. In plants, aerosols interfere with absorption of carbon dioxide 157. If there are 999 bases in RNA that codes for a protein with 333
and oxygen and hinders transpiration, therefore they are harm- amino acids by 333 codons. If base at position 901 is deleted,
ful for agriculture. then the codon which are unaltered will be 300 for 900 bases
Answer (2) but after that sequence of remaining all codon frame shifted
(one base right shift). So number of codon altered will be 33
155. Each of these stages is characterized by a specific series of with 99 bases. So the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases.
events and represents a segment of a continuous process.
Answer (2)
• Prophase: In early prophase, the cell starts to break down
some structures and build others up, setting the stage for 158. The organs cannot be taken from just anybody because usually,
division of the chromosomes. The chromosomes start to con- the immune system recognizes the proteins in the transplanted
dense. In prophase, the chromosomes (the sister chromatids) organ as foreign and mounts both cell-mediated and antibody
condense by a remarkable process of chromosome com- mediated immune responses against them. This phenomenon
paction or condensation which involves multiprotein com- is known as graft rejection.
plex condensin. The nucleolus (or nucleoli, plural) which Answer (1)
are surrounded by nuclear membrane, a part of the nucleus
159. Male reproductive system of frog consists of following:
where ribosomes are made, disappears. This is a sign that the
nucleus is getting ready to break down. As a cell progresses • Testes: A pair of testes is present above the kidneys. They
towards mitosis, the microtubules of the cytoskeleton disas- are yellowish and ovoid in shape. They are attached to the
semble and reassemble as components of the mitotic spindle. kidneys by double fold of peritoneum called mesorchium.
The rapid disassembly of the interphase cytoskeleton occurs Each testis is made up of several seminiferous tubules which
by the inactivation of proteins that stabilize microtubules are lined by germinal epithelium. These cells produce sper-
(e.g., microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs) and the matozoa by spermatogenesis.
activation of proteins that destabilize these polymers. • Vasa efferentia: About 10–12 vasa efferentia arise from the
• Metaphase: The dissolution of the nuclear envelope marks testes and join the Bidder’s canal that is located on the inner
the start of metaphase, the second phase of mitosis, during border of the kidney.
which mitotic spindle assembly is completed and the chro- • Urino-genital duct: The longitudinal collecting tubules
mosomes are moved into position at the center of the cell. extend further to form the urino-genital ducts that carry both
Ultimately, all of the chromosomes become aligned at the sperms and urine. Their swollen anterior ends function as
spindle equator—with one chromatid of each chromosome seminal vesicles for temporary storage of sperms. The duct
connected by its kinetochore to microtubules from one pole opens into the cloaca.
and its sister chromatid connected by its kinetochore to • Cloaca: It is a small chamber present in the middle which
microtubules from the opposite pole. helps in passing faeces, urine and sperms outside the body
• Anaphase: The splitting of the chromosomes of the through cloacal aperture.
metaphase plate takes place in synchrony at the onset of Answer (3)
anaphase, and the chromatids (now referred to as chromo- 160. Placenta, Graffian follicle and Corpus luteum are temporary
somes, because they are no longer attached to their sisters) endocrine gland.
begin their poleward migration. During this movement
towards the poles, the arms of the chromosome trail behind Answer (2)
and the centromere is seen at its leading edge. The move- 161. Insects are the most common pollinating agents. They carry
ment of chromosomes towards opposite poles is very slow pollen grains from anther to the stigma of another flower.
relative to other types of cellular movements, proceeding at Bees, butterflies, flies, moths, wasps, etc., are common insect
approximately 1 μm per minute. The slow rate of chromo- pollinators. Insect pollination is also known as entomophily
some movement ensures that the chromosomes segregate and such flowers are called entomophilous-flowers. They are
accurately and without entanglement. scented. Pleasant odor attracts bees and butterflies (e.g., Nyc-
• Telophase: As the chromosomes near their respective poles, tanthes, Cestrum, etc.) or unpleasant odor attracts flies and
they tend to collect in a mass, which marks the beginning of beetles (e.g., Rafflesia, Aristolochia, etc.). The most orchids
the final stage of mitosis, or telophase. During telophase, offer rewards to the pollinators.
daughter cells return to the interphase condition: the mitotic
Answer (1)
spindle disassembles, the chromosomes become more and
more dispersed, the nuclear envelope, Golgi complex and 162. In most angiosperm plants, only one megaspore is functional
endoplasmic reticulum reform and the nucleolus appears. which later develops into an embryo sac. Hence, megaspore is
Answer (1) the first cell of the female gametophyte (embryo sac).
156. Thorns are formed from axillary bud, thorns are hard and Answer (2)
sharp pointed straight or curved hard modified stem. They 163. In primary treatment, the filtered water is passed through a
serve to protect the plant against grazing animals. They reduce series of sedimentation tanks, where small particles (soil and
transpirational water loss through leaves. They are connected pebbles) called grit settle out. Some coagulants may be added
by vascular cylinder with well-developed bark of thick-walled to aid faster and better sedimentation. This process removes
cells. For example, Bougainvillea. about 50% of the solid matter that is known as primary sludge.
Answer (2) Answer (2)
164. Stratification is vertical distribution of different species occu- 173. Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood is called acromegaly.
pying different levels in biotic community. Stratification It is generally not noticed for several years and only becomes
occurs within forests due to availability of light which results distinct when visible symptoms start appearing. Although GH
in three or more vertical strata of plants an herb layer, a shrub cannot produce further lengthening of the long bones i.e.,
layer, a small tree layer, and a canopy tree layer in the forest. It height remains same, the bones of the hands, feet, cheeks and
is found in tropical rain forest and deciduous forests. jaws thicken and other tissues enlarge. Further, size of eyelids,
Answer (1) lips, tongue and nose increase, the skin thickens and furrows
develop the forehead and soles.
165. The cork cambium (phellogen) is a lateral meristem which
Answer (1)
produces dead cells or cork (phellem) towards outerside and
living cells of secondary cortex (phelloderm) towards inner 174. Halophytes are the plants that tolerate high salinities .Plants in
side. mangrove forests are subjected to anaerobic condition; hence
Answer (2) they developed special adaptations like pneumatophores (for
drawing atmospheric oxygen), prop roots, stilt roots (for sup-
166. On the basis of stage at which meiosis occurs, it is classified port in wetlands) and vivipary (seed germination while on
into zygotic meiosis in which the zygote undergoes meiosis to tree).
produce haploid organisms (e.g., Chlamydomonas, Ulothrix).
Answer (1)
Answer (3)
175. The density of a population (N) shows a declining phase (neg-
167. Secondary lymphatic organs and tissues are the sites where ative acceleration phase due to declining birth rate or rising
most immune responses occur and include lymph nodes, death rate) and stabilizes (asymptote, where it reaches the car-
spleen and lymphatic nodules or follicles. MALT (Mucosa rying capacity (K ), that is, stationary phase). This stage indi-
Associated Lymphoid Tissue) constitutes about 50% of the cates the zero population growth phase where the natality rate
lymphoid tissues in human body. approximately equals the mortality rate.
Answer (4) Answer (1)
168. Even after the expiratory reserve volume is expired, consid- 176. β-carotene gets converted to vitamin A (retinol) which is vital
erable air remains in the lungs because the sub atmospheric for good vision and strong immune system. The photopigment
intrapleural pressure keeps the alveoli slightly inflated, and present in rods is called rhodopsin or visual purple. It is a pur-
some air also remains in the non-collapsible airways. This plish-red protein composed of opsin and retinal. Opsin is a
volume is called the residual volume. It amounts to about glycoprotein, while retinal is a derivative of vitamin A called
1100 mL to 1200 mL. retinal. The absorption of light by a photopigment (rhodopsin
Answer (4) and cone photopigments) results in structural changes in them
and initiates the events that lead to the production of a receptor
169. The inner cavity of the sponge is lined by specialized, flagel- potential. Retinal is the light-absorbing part of all visual phot-
lated cells called collar cells or choanocytes. The flagella of opigments.
the collar cells beat to create a current of water that flows from
the outside of the sponge, through the pores, into the interior Answer (1)
cavity called spongocoel. 177. The success of a farm depends on proper selection of animals
Answer (2) for mating. Even if all the conditions are met, a poor quality
individual used for mating will reduce the profit of a commer-
170. The best method of maximizing a species chance of survival cial venture.
(when ex situ methods are required) is by relocating part of
the population to a less threatened location. Collecting wild Milk yield is chiefly dependent on the quality of breeds in
and domesticated organisms in botanical gardens, nurseries, the farm. The breeds should be able to yield more milk than
aquaria and zoos/ wildlife safari parks, etc., are examples of the others in a given time and under given climatic condi-
offsite collection. tions. The low yielding varieties should be weeded out. This
will increase the profitability of the business. It represents
Answer (4) the directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one
171. rRNA is the most abundant RNA in the animal cell. It com- direction.
prises of about 80% in the cytoplasm of the cell. Answer (1)
Answer (4) 178. In frogs, the nodal tissues autoregulates the normal activities
of the heart. The impulse begins in the heart muscles. This is
172. Acetyl group from acetyl CoA is condensed with four-carbon
the reason why the heart is called myogenic. For example, in
oxaloacetate and water by the enzyme citrate synthase to form
molluscs and vertebrates (frog). A myogenic heart keeps beat-
citric acid. One complete round of TCA cycle or Krebs’ cycle
ing even after removal under optimum conditions.
yields 2 molecules of CO2, 3NADH, 1FADH2 and 1 high-
energy compound (GTP or ATP). Answer (3)
Answer (3)
179. Coniferophyta is characterized by profusely branched stem, 180. Gregor Johann Mendel explained the underlying principles
simple smaller leaves, relatively smaller pith and cortex, of heredity and variation through his famous hybridization
much more amount of wood. It resembles conifers and is experiments performed from 1856–1865 on the garden pea
monoecious with compact strobili and erect trunk. Examples plant, Pisum sativum, using the monastery garden to under-
include Dadoxylon, Cordaites, Ginkgo biloba, Cedrus, Pinus, stand the mechanism of heredity and inheritance. He was aptly
Sequoia. called the Father of Genetics because the genetics science was
Answer (4) born in his monastery garden.
Answer (4)