BCR PROPERTIES LTD. COMBINED STAGE 2 PRELIMINARY SITE INVESTIGATION AND DETAILED SITE INVESTIGATION FORMER NORTH VANCOUVER FREIGHT SHED AND PASSENGER STATION 1311, 1321 AND 1350 WEST 1ST STREET NORTH VANCOUVER, B.C. FEBRUARY 2010 (GEOTECHNICAL AND HYOROGEOLOGCAL CONSULTANTS id PITEAU ASSOCIATES VANCOUVER MABCR PROPERTIES LTD. ‘COMBINED STAGE 2 PRELIMINARY SITE INVESTIGATION AND DETAILED SITE INVESTIGATION FORMER NORTH VANCOUVER FREIGHT SHED AND PASSENGER STATION 4811, 1921 AND 1350 WEST 1°" STREET NORTH VANCOUVER, B.C. Prepared by PITEAU ASSOCIATES ENGINEERING LTD. PROJECT 2855 FEBRUARY 2010EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (On behalf of BCR Properties Lid. (BCRP), Piteau Associates Engineering Ltd. (Peau) has completed @ combined Stage 2 Preliminary Ste Investigation and Detailed Site Investigation at 4811, 1921 and 1350 West First Street, North Vancouver, B.. (the Site"). This 3.(6 ha parcel is located west ofthe southern foot of Pemberton Avenue. Previous uses ofthis Site included the [BC Rall passenger ral station, eight storag ‘loam locomotive. The objective of the Stage 2 PSI component was to investigate sl, and maintenance area fr the Royal 4udson ‘groundwater, and vapour conditions within Areas of Potential Envranmental Concem (APECS) Identified in a Stage 1 Preliminary Site Investigation forthe Sito, and to determine it concentrations of PCOCs excued applicable standards from the Contaminated Sites Regulation, ‘The Detaled Site Assessment component involved delineating impacted sol and groundwater zones, and further vapour assessments Together, tis combined Stage 2 PI and DS! involved ding or oterse savancag 130 boreholes, installing $7 monitoring wells, and excavating 26 test pts to enable collection of soll samples. Groundwater samples collected from pre-existing and new monitoring wells were ‘alse analyzed, Samples of sol vapour and ambient ar were conducted in some areas ‘42,100 m? area in tha east end ofthe Site was found to have sol andlor groundwater impacted with petroleum hydrocarbons, including @ zone with ight non-aqueous phase liquid {LNAPL). A portion ofthis area extended of-Site to the south, onto the CN Rail tack rght-oway, There ore also several occurrences of impacted soll andlor groundwater associated with ling or unknown activi atthe Site, Contaminants of concer at these locations include metals, petroloum hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydracarban (PAH) compounds. Collectively the extent ofthese impacted sub-areas was estimated at approximately 6,000 mr.‘A zone of impacted sall and groundwater was delineated In the vient of a former Shell card- Jock, Petroleum hycrocarton impacts a this location appear to rel fram off-Site contamination ‘0n Dstt of North Vancouver lands tothe north, The on-Site area of the affected zone is about 120m. (other minor zones with impacted soils andlor groundwater were encountered at thelocation of a {former gas pump and ol-shed in the southwest comer of the Site (20m), a former heating oll tank north ofthe Passenger Station (150 mr) and naar the east end ofthe former Royal Hudson Maintenance Shop (20 m*) ‘Site vapour assessments were completed for potential or known areas of environmental concern that are to be managed in-situ through rsk-assessment. Under current Site use, these areas can be considered uncontaminated with respect to volatile and semi-voatile vapours. Assessment of ‘vapours for impacted zones tobe remediated was defered tothe postemediation shase, and ‘are discussed in the Confirmation of Remediation report fer the Site,Ap APEC AW AW erex cos cor os ePHW EMA HOPE HEPH HWR LePH LNAPL mack MoE GLossaRY ‘A100 of Environmental Concer ‘Approvalin Principle ‘98 of Potential Environmental Concer ‘Aquatic te ‘uate Lite (arog) Benzene, Toluene, Ethybenzene and Xyienes Contaminant of Cancarn Confirmation of Remadiaton Contaminated Sites Regulation Detaled Ste Investigation tractable Petroleum Hycrocarbons in Water Environmental Managoment Act Highdensity polyethylene Heavy Exractable Petroleum Hyérocarbons Hazardous Waste Regulaton Industrial Lond Light Exractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Motes Below Ground Level Ministry of EnvironmentNAPL PAH Poe Pooc Psi Row RP svPs GLOSSARY (cont) Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Polycyate Aromatic Hydrocarbon Polychlorinated Biphenyt Potential Contaminant of Concern Right-otway Remediation Plan Soll vapour monitoring points ‘Thermal desorption tubes Volatile Organic Compounds Volatile Petroleum Hycrocarbons in Water Volatie Petroleum HycrocarbonsCONTENTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 41.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 12 PARTICIPANTS. 113 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1d REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 15 LIMITATIONS 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND STAGE 1 PSI FINDINGS 2.1 SITE INFORMATION 2.1.4 Legal Description, Current Owner, and Location 211.2 Historic and Curren Site Use and Ste Occupants 213 Zoning 2.144 Topography and Drainage 2.188 Local Geology and Groundwater Conditions 2.16 Ske Services 22 STAGE 1PSI 3, DESCRIPTION OF COMBINED STAGE 2 PSI AND DSI 3.1 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 32 DRILLING, EXCAVATION OF TEST PITS AND COLLECTION OF SOIL SAMPLES 33 INSTALLATION OF MONITORING WELLS 34 SURVEYING 35 LIQUID LEVEL MONITORING. 36 HYDRAULIC UPSET TESTING 37 GROUNOWATER SAMPLE COLLECTION 38 LABORATORY ANALYSES 39 QUALITY ASSURANCE! QUALITY CONTROL 4. INVESTIGATION RESULTS. 441 STRATIGRAPHY 4.2 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS 4.2.1 Hydrostaigraphie Units 422 Hyrauie Conductivity 423 Hydraulic Gradionts 42.4 Eatimated Linear Groundwater Flow Velocty 4.3 ANALYTIC RESULTS. 43.1 Soll Samples 2 23 24 25 2 25CONTENTS (cont) 4.3.2 Groundwater Samples 4.33 Analyical Quality 444 DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINANTS IN SOILIFILL 4.41 LEPH and HEPH 442 PAH Compounds 443 BTEX and VPH 444 Total Metals 44.5 Volatile Organic Compounds 45 DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER 45.1 LEPHw and EPHW10-19 452 BTEXand VPH 4.5.3 PAH Compound 45:4 Dissolved Metals 4.55 Non-BTEX Volatiles Organic Compounds and Giycots 46 PREFERENTIAL PATHWAYS. 5. VAPOUR ASSESSMENT. 5.1 BASIC METHODOLOGY 52 IDENTIFICATION AND REFINEMENT OF VAPOUR PCOCs 53 ASSESSMENT OF PCOC CONCENTRATIONS USING ‘PARTITIONING EQUATIONS 54 ASSESSMENT OF VAPOUR PCOC CONCENTRATIONS IN BREATHABLE AIR USING SOIL VAPOUR CONCENTRATIONS 54.4 Installation of Sol Vapour Monitoring Points 5.42 Leak Detection and Sample Collection 5433 Analyses Results 55 COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT AIR 6. GUMMARY OF FINDINGS 7. PROFESSIONAL STATEMENT 8, REFERENCES APPENDIXA Locations of Buried Services APPENDIX — Field Methodologios ‘APPENDIX Logs for Boreholes (‘BH’, "Vl", and "HAH" prefixes) ‘ABPENDIXD Logs for Monitoring Wells ‘APPENDIXE Logs for Test Pits. APPENDIXF Site Survey Drawing ‘APPENDIX Plots of Hydraulic Upset Test Results APPENDIXH Soll Vapour Partitioning Calculations ‘APPENDIX Information on Soll Vapour Points (SVPs) APPENDIX Sample Colection Information for Soll Vapour and Ambient Air a 28 30 20 3 35 a 37 29 a 4“ 2 a 46 46 53 5 RearCover CD ROM with Laboratory Analysis Certificates, Previous Investigation Reports, ‘and Groundwater Sample Data Collection ForsTable 1 Table 2 “Table 3 Table 4 Table § Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table Table 10 Table 11 ‘Table 12 ‘Table 13 “Table 14 Table 15 Table 16, TABLES ‘Summary of APECs and AECS from Stage 1 PS! ‘Summary of Boreholes, Monitoring Wells, and Test Pits for Combined Stage 2 and Detailed Se Investigation ‘Summary of Monitoring Wel Information and Liquid Levels ‘Analyte Results for LEPH, HEPH, and PAH Compounds in Sol ‘Analyte Results for BTEX and VPH in Sol ‘Analyte Results for Total Metals in Sol ‘Analytic Results for Organic Carbon in Soil ‘Analytic Results for LEPH, HEPH, and PAH Compounds in Groundeator Analytic Results for BTEX, VPH, and VOCS in Groundwater Analytic Results for Dissolved Metals in Groundwater ‘Analyte Results for Gols in Groundwater ‘Summary of Rests for Site Vapour Assessment ‘Analy Results for November 2008 Sol Vapour Analyses Analytic Results for July and December 2009 Sol Vapour Sampo Anayic Results for Ambiont A Samples Overall investigation ResutsFit Fig.2 Fig.3 Fi. Fo.5 Fae Fi.7 Fig8 Fi.9 9.10 Fo.tt Fig. t2 Fig 13 Fig 14 Fig. 15 Fi. 16 Fgt7 Fg. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 FIGURES Location Map APEGs and AECs from Stage 1 PSI Borehole, Monitoring Well, Test Pi, and Sol Vapour Sample Point Lecations Hydrogeotogic Analyses Results LEPH and HEPH in Sot PAH Compounds in Soll BTEX and VPH in Sol “otal Metals in Soi Non BTEX VOCs in Soi Coss Sections AA and (ABC #1) Cross Sections ©-C' through F-F" (ross Sections G-G' through K-K LEPHw and EPHW10-19 in Groundwater BTEX and VPH in Groundwater PAH Compounds in Groundwater Dissolved Metals in Groundwater Non 8TEX VOCs in Groundwater {Giyools in Groundwater ‘Summary of Soll Vapour Assessment Results ‘Consolidated Plt of impacted Soll and Groundwater Zones4. INTRODUCTION 4.4 PROJECT BACKGROUND On bohaif of BCR Properties Lid. (GORP), Pteau Associates Engineering id. (Pitoau) has completed a combined Stage 2 Preliminary Site Investigation and Detailed Site Investigation (Stage 2 PSUDSI) at 1311, 1321 and 1360 West First Stoot, North Vancouver, B.C. (the Sito) “This 3.06 ha parcal is located west ofthe southern foot of Pemberton Avenue (Fig. *). Previous uses ofthis Site included the BC Rall passenger rll station, freight storage, and maintenance a1ea forthe Royal Hudson steam locomotive. In June 2008, the Greater Vancouver Sewerage & Drainage District (GVS&DD) purchased the Site fom BCRP. The GVSADD plan to construct sewage treatment faity atthe Site to replace the Lions Gate Sewage Treatment Plant. Asa condition of sale BCRP are required to oblain a Certieate of Compliance for the Site, ‘A Stage 1 PSI was completed for his Site by Pteau in Jly 2008 (Peau, 2008). Tre purpose of this study was to determine Areas of Potential Environmental Concer (APEC) at a Site and the ‘associated Potential Contaminants of Concer (PCOCS). This involved historical research and records revow, inspection, and interviews with personnel with knowledge of Ste actives. Since ‘a number of environmental investigations had already been completed a the Site, the Stage 1 P51 also involved review and summarization ofthe previous investigations and remedial wrk ‘wtatve to previously identified Areas of Environmental Concem (AECs) and associated ‘contaminants of canceen (COCs). This was done to provide a context for further Sita work and ‘production of required reports inctuding this combined Stage 2 PSUDSI, a Remediafon Plan {RP} fo of Site contamination, and a Confirmation of Remediation report fr on-Site Contaminants. Itis BCRP's intent to address all on-Ste contamination and obtain a Certificate of ‘Compliance. An Approval in Principle (AIP) fora previously identified offSite contaminant plume wil also be required‘Site remediation has been conducted in tandem wit this combined Stage 2 PSI and DSI, and has achieved partial removal ofimpactod soils encountered atthe Site. This remedial work, and ‘subsequent post-emedlal Investigations, are described in a Confirmation of Remedation (COR) ropor by Piteau, A risk assessment for long-torm in-situ management of contaminants remaining atthe Site has been prepared by AECOM Ld. Collectively, these three reports have been completed inorder to satisy the requirements fora Cetiicate of Compliance in accordance with the raquiremonts ofthe Environmental Management Act (EMA) and Contaminated Stes Regulation (CSR), 1.2 PARTICIPANTS: “The investigations described in this report wore overseen by David Tiplady, P-Eng. Mr. Tplady is a senior hydrogeologist at Pteau Associates, and has over 20 years! experience with investigations relating to contaminated sites, groundwater supplies and waste disposal projects He is an Approved Professional, as defined in Section 49.1 ofthe CSR, and is ]@ member of the Contaminated Sites Approved Professional (CSAP) Socioy. Field data collection and office analysis was conducted by Mr. Robert Bulger 8.S0, Christopher Homes, B.Sc, GT, and Marion Kehoe, B.Sc. Mr. Tery Duty, P.Geo., assisted withthe report reviow. Jonniflor Manoor ascated with dota oynthoaio and proparing ore2e-cectone 1.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ‘The purpose ofthe Stage 2 PSI described in this report was to investigate APECs ientiod {uring the Stage 1 PSI (Table 1), and to determine if concentrations of PCOCS in groundwater, ‘ol, andlor sll vapour exceed maximum allowable concentrations. This involved excavation of test pits and ding test holes to facitate collection of sol samples, installation andsampling of ‘monitoring wells, and collection of samples of soll vapour. These samples were analyzed for appropriate PCOS. ‘Where the Stage 2 PS! work determined that concentrations of PCOCS in sol, groundwater, “andor site vapour had occurred in one of the APEGs, the APEC became an Area o° Environmental Concern (AEC). COCs associated with each AEC were those PCOCs whose ‘concentrations excead the applicable standards from the CSR,‘The purpose of the DSI component was to delineate the extent of AECs identified during the ‘Sage 2 PSI component, orto comple delineation of AECS Hentified during previous Investigations. Investigation methods were generally the same as for the Stage 2 PSI, excopt the ‘sample locations were generally much claser together. Adkltonaly, the groundwater flow direction and velocity were estimated during the DSI component using Site-specific data, and ‘assessment of semi-volatile and volatile vapours was conducted at selected parts othe Site, 1.4 REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Environmental matiors pertaining to contaminated sites in British Columbia fll under the Jurisdiction ofthe Ministry of Envonment, pursuant tothe EMA, The two key regulations under the EMA relating to the assessment and remediation of contaminated sitos are the CSR and the Hazardous Waste Regulation (HWR), The CSR sets out legal procedures for screening ste, etorminesifa site is contaminated, assesses lability, nates remediation processes, and sets standards fr site remediation and soi relocation. The HWR sets out legal procedes forthe Identication, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of special wastes, ‘The standards for sol groundwater, and sol vapour applicable tothe Site a Sections 4.3.1 and 4.82 iscussed in 1.5 LIMITATIONS. ‘This report has been prepared by Piteau for BCR Properties Lid, and reflects Pitea.'s best Judgement, based on the information availabe at the ime of preparation. Any use that a thi pay, other than the Ministry of Envranment, or ]an Approved Professional retainedby BCRP for ‘the purposes of making a recommendation to the MOE for issuance ofa Cerificate of Compliance, or any reliance on or decisions based upan it, re the responsiblity of such third patties. Piteau accepts no responsibilty for damages, if any, suffered by any hid party as a result of decisions or actions made based on this report In evaluating the Sto, Pteau has relied in good faith on information provided by the persons and ‘organizations noted inthis port. No responsibilty is accepted fr inaccuracies, deficiencies, or misstatements contained in this report as a result of inaccuracies, dfiiencies, or misstatements in the information obtained from these sources, whether or not spacifically noto by Pteau,‘The fingings, conclusions and recommendations inthis report have been developadin a manner ‘consistent with the level ofskil normally exercised by environmental professionals curently practicing under similar conditions in Bish Columbia. No warranty is expressed or imple. “This report outines the findings ofthe assessment, and provides an overview of pots ‘environmental concerns, bath past and present, Its limited by the availablity of information at the time the work was completed. Unreported waste disposal or other activities may have ‘occurred that could have impacted the environmental status ofthe Sito “The investigations completed by Piteau atthe Site have not incuded an examination of buildings forhazardous materials such as asbestos. Such investigations should be undertaken prior to ‘domoltion or renovation of existing structures atthe Sit.2, BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND STAGE 1 PS! FINDINGS 2.41 SITE INFORMATION Piteau completed a Stage 1 PSI for 1311, 1321 and 1350 West First Steet, North Vancouver, B.C. (the Ste") in July 208. A brief Ste description is provided below, along witha summary of the findings of tis study 2.14 Legal Description, Current Owner, and Location ‘The Stes located within the Distct of North Vancouver and is bound by Philip Avenue to the west, Pemberton Avenue tothe east, West First Street othe north, and the CN Rell tracks and MeKeen Street to the south (Fig. 1). itis has an ireguar shape, spanning a distance of approximately 375m trom east to west, The noch-south dimension varies from about 64m atthe east end to 120m atthe west end. The otal area is aaproximately 3.08 ha ‘The Ste includes three legal parcels and addresses. General information fsas follows: ‘Chie Adeross “S11, 1221 and 1350 West Fist Stest, North Vancouver, BG. Logal Descritions | Lot A Block 25 District Lot 266 Pian 4680, Lot D except plan BCP10746 District Lot 268 Group 1, ND. Pian 4680 Block J Distct Lot 266 Pian 22028 —_ | Parcel denier (041-423-552 - Approx. Size 18237 Ti 1 Numbers (011-426-926 — Approx. Size 2535 m* 012-687-871 — Approx. Size_9097 m? [Catitode 49° 16° SN 1 Longitude 528 06° 39° W ‘eos 3.05 hectares Site 1D Number {9769 (10302) ‘MOE Fle Number | 26260-20/0769, ‘Owner ‘Greator Vancouver Sewerage & Drainage Ditiek2.1.2 Historic and Current Site Use and Site Occupants ‘The Site was developed inthe mid 1950's asa ral facility. Facities initial present included a combined freight shed and yard offcebuiling, an oil shed wit fue dispensing area, a locomotive maintenance shop, a passenger station, a roadmaster bulding with a buildings and bridges shop, the BC Rail Police, Surveyors and a Communications Repair Contre, Some ofthe former buldings and facies were relocated off Site or decommissioned, The Site configuration was changed in 1886 when West Fest Stroot was realigned to form the north boundary ofthe Site. Prior to this, West Firs: Strest intersected the Site diagonally onthe westside, Details on these changes and other significant historical events are discussed in subsequent sections o this repr. ‘The Site is now mostly vacant, and there are no railway roatod activites. Buses are stored by @tenantin the northwest comer ofthe Site, Adjacent land uses include a variety of commercial or industial operations, 2.13 Zoning ‘The Ske is zoned Comprehensive Development, or CDSS, AS indicated previously, the Site Is tobe used asthe location for a sewage treatment plant. For the purposes of determining the correct standards fom the CSR, the correct land use is therefore Industral 2.44 Topography and Drainage The Sto is relatively flat with a very gnte slope tothe southwost and an elevation of ‘bout 2.7m above sea level. Rur-offis collected in catch basins that cain tothe District of North Vancouver storm sewer on West First Street. This sewer discharges to y using the ‘owost ofthe applicable site-specific standards that account for human exposure by intake cof contaminated soil and groundwater used fr drinking water, and other factors such as ‘whether other environmental receptors such as soll invertebrate, livestock, and aquatic life may be exposed, and whether the water wil be used or irigation. In aosardance with protocols developed by MOE, the aquatic ife protective sol standards apply to sites ‘situated within 1 km of fresh or marine water used by aquatic ie, unless ste specific data ‘can be used to show that he groundwater rave time betweon the Ste and fesh or marine water used by aquatic fe exceeds 60 years, “The Site is zoned for industal use, andthe futuro use is industal. Therefore, Industial Lan (1) sol standards apply. For substances included in Schedule 5 of the CSR, the ‘appropriate sol standards are determined by taking the lowest ofthe matrix standards for Intake of contaminated sol, toxicity to sol invertebrates and plants, and groundwater ow to surface wator used by marine aquatic Ife from Column VI. Matric standard that are protective of drinking water do not aply, since local surface and groundwater resources. In the vicinity ofthe Ste are not used for potable water supply, and are unlikely tobe in the future. Similarly, ivestock watering and irigation protective standards do not apply. For substances included in Schedule 4 ofthe CSR, the appropiate IL. soll standard is listed in Column V and VI, respectively, Substances with concentrations exceeding I. standards include: + LEPH (10 of 128 samples analyzed) + HEPH (4.0126 samples analyzed) ‘+ Benzo(ajanthracone (2 of 69 samples analyzed) ‘+ Benzo(a)pyrene (3 of 69 samples analyzed) + Benzo(kjuoranthene (1 of 69 samples analyzed) + Indono(t2,3-¢.d)pyrona (1 of 69 samples analyzed) ‘+ Naphthalene (1 of 68 samples analyzed) ‘+ Phnanthrene (1 of 69 samples analyzed) ‘+ Antimony (6 of 210 samples analyzed)‘+ Arsenic (11 of210 samples analyzed) ‘+ Barium (2 0210 samples analyzed) ‘+ Cadmium (14 of 210 samples analyzed) + Chromium (17 of 210 samples analyzes) + Copper (36 of 210 samples analyzed) ‘+ Lead (6 0f 210 samples analyzed) ‘+ Molybdenum (11 of 210 samples analyzed) “+ Mercury (1 of 210 samples analyzed) ‘+ Molybdenum (1 of 210 samples analyzed) + Nickel (8 of 210 samples analyzed) + Tin (@ of 210 samples analyzed) 1+ Zine (41 of210 samples analyzed) |With a maximum concentration 16 times the IL standard, coppers the metal whose ‘maximum concentration exceeds the standards by the widest margin, This followed by cadmium and zine both at 11 times the IL standard, Maximum concentatiors of antimony, cadmium, lead, and zinc are lloss than 10 times IL standard ‘The concentration of LEPH and HEPH in samples from MWO9-20 (Sample E250) and TP08.21 (Sample B112) both suggest total ol concentrations exceeding the 3% standard Included in the Hazardous Waste Regulation. These materials were reatedas potential hazardous waste during the remediation phase. 4.3.2 Groundwater Samples ‘The analytic results for groundwater samples collected during this combined Stage 2 PSUS! are summarized in Tables 8, 9, 10, and 11. Laboratory reports are included with the CO ROM at the end of tis repor. ‘The results have been compared to appropriate numerical standards for substances in ‘surface and groundwater from Schedule 6 ofthe CSR. As there are no water wells in the city for supplying crinking water, irigation water, orlvestock watering, the only applicable wala use atthe Site is AWm since the Site is within 1 km of the Eurrard Inlet28, Based on regional topography itis unikely that the nearest freshwater creek could be affected, so all groundwater anallcal results have been compared to marine aquatic water (AWm) standards, Substances wih concentrations exceeding AWm standards include ‘+ Benzo(a)pyrene (2 0f78 samples analyzed) ‘+ Chrysene (1 078 samples analyzed) ‘+ Naphthalene (1 of78 samples analyzed) ‘+ Phenanthrene (3 of 78 samples analyzed) + Pyrone (5 of 78 samples analyzed) + LEPHW (5 of 83 samples analyzed) + Cadmium (4 0f 77 samples analyzed) + Copper (6 of 73 samples analyzed) + Zinc (6 of 75 samples analyzed) \with a concentration 5. times larger than the AW standard, LEPHw had the largest Ldogroe of exceedance ofthe standards. The next highest concentrations induded copper (6.3 x) and benzo(a)pyrene (51). 43.3 Analytical Quality The precision been evaluated by comparing analysis results for upicates, Precision is assessed through calculation fa relative percent diference (RPD) between the sampe and the ‘uplicate, in accordance with the following equation: repeatabiliy) of analytical results forthe soil and groundwater has (orca, (ervey 100% wines: RPD is relative percent diference isthe larger ofthe two observed values; and Cs the smal of the two observed values,PD values below about 25% considered acceptable. ‘generally desirable, and values of upto about 65% aro Calculated RPD values for soil are available for duplicate samples are lstedon the ‘analyte summary tables. Far total metal in sll (Table 6), samples with RPD values ‘exceeding 65% occured in soven of 15 duplicate samplos analyzed, and the maximum RPD was 165%; for mercury in Sample CO41 (MWOB-34 1.8 to 2.3m). The high variability Is attibuted to heterogeneity ofthe soil dabris mixture that was sampled, and is not indicative ofa problem with sampling methodology or laboratory error. There are fow instances where the reported concentration inthe original sample exceeded the IL standard, whereas it id not inthe duplicate (or vea.verea). However, whore this was ‘he case, the highest of the two concentrations was used during analysis and Interpretation ofthe results. For PAH and LEPHIMEPH in sol (Table 4) there were also @ few instances of RPO ‘excooding 65%. As in the case of metals, this high variably is atibuted toheterogenelty ‘ofthe soll debris miure rather than a problem with sampling methodology of laboratory RPD values for duplicate groundwater samples were all within generally accoptabo iit. Exceptions cccurred with PAH in samples W2t and W22, where the RPD was 85% for ‘Muorene. Elevated RPD values also occured for acenapthene (76%) and benzo(ajpyrene (71%). However, the apparently elevated variability isthe result ofthe low sbsolute value ofthe concentrations relative tothe reporting limits and method precision, andthe results ‘are not indicative of probloms with the groundwater sampling methodlogy cr laboratory It shouldbe noted that some of the groundwater sampling events for this Phase 2 PSUDS! als included collection of samples from post-emediation montoring wells, and in some cates, duplicate eamplas were collected from the post-remediation wells only. Review of the analytic quality for post-remediation groundwater samples reported inthe Confirmation ‘of Remediation report inicates no issues with groundwater data quality.