DISCLAIMER

The Benchbook For Philippine Trial Courts (Revised and

Expanded) contains information prepared by the Philippine Judicial
Academy.

While the Academy intends this Benchbook to be comprehensive,

and exerted efforts to include important rules, circulars and rulings which
are effective and correct as of the date the Committee approved the
submitted work, it did not, for lack of space, include rules and decisions
which it considers not commonly used in court proceedings and practice.
Moreover, changes in circumstances after the time of issue may impact
the accuracy of the information herein.

The accuracy and reliability of the contents are the individual

responsibility of the writers assigned as of the date the Committee
approved the submitted work.

The Academy will endeavor to furnish the Bench and the Bar
updates when the need arises.

No portion of this Book may be reproduced or transmitted in any

form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or by any information or retrieval system
without the written consent of the Philippine Judicial Academy.