Research Log 1

Research Log #1
Date: 30 August 2017

Name: Clifford Leung
EQ: How can the advancements of medical technology affect society?
Three Points to Prove: #1: 3D Printing increases the success rate of surgery.
#2: Advanced medicines can decrease the amount of surgeries.
#3: Stem cell research helps to find cures to diseases.
Point that this Source/Information Proves: #1

Excerpts:
“Innovation and advancement in medical technology are the backbone of modern medicine and
have led to life changing treatments and cure for patients around the globe.”
“The most significant influences technologies have had in medicine extend from better
diagnostic, therapeutic, surgical procedures to conceptual diagnostics”
“People also research their medical issues by looking up the causes and symptoms, treatments
and potential remedies”
Analysis:
This website suggests that modern technology and findings are actually affecting how
long that people are going to live. Also if some people don’t know what is wrong they could go
onto the internet and search up the symptoms and find out how they could treat it. This is
changing our old ways of how people would get medicine because instead of getting a
prescription the person who is sick could walk into a store and pick up the medicine. An
example would be if someone has a fever and they
Work Cited:
“Impact of Medical Technology on the Practice of Medicine.” Impact of Medical Technology on the
Practice of Medicine, The Energy Initiative, 29 Feb. 2016,
I am assuming that this is a reputable and reliable article because it was published in
EBSCO.
Research Log #2
Date: September 18, 2017
EQ: How can advancements in medical technology affect the field? What are the biggest
advances in medicine?
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Point that this Source/Information Proves: # 1,
Excerpts (These should provide insight into the designated Point to Prove):
“The 3D medical scans were converted by 3D Systems into STL build files, which were used to
create anatomically accurate models of the twin girl babies’ hearts”
“Though their hearts were physically joined, each twin’s heart was properly formed; if the
connected tissue and vessels could be separated, each child could survive on her own”
“They are healthy and home now with the help of many very skilled surgeons and a very
expensive 3D printer.”
Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Medical technology is being quickly developed. One of the greatest inventions that has
ever come into human history is the 3D printer. Pierce states, “The 3D medical scans were
converted by 3D Systems into STL build files, which were used to create anatomically accurate
models of the twin girl babies’ hearts” (Pierce). The 3D printer was able to make exact
representations of the twin’s hearts. The machine is capable of making more organs that would
help people who needs one to live.
The story of the twins was that they wanted to be seperated but the one thing that they
need is an extra heart to help support each one individually. Logically, people can’t have the
same heart if they have heart conditions. This specific situation is an example which no one can
have the same small heart as the conjoined twins. Acquiring the technology saved both of the
girls’ life.
3D printing proves that decrease the amount of donors because instead of people
donating more organs everyday. The technology can help save millions of lives with one organ
as a model to produce more organs. It would be a great advancement in medical technology as
it would change how it would change the life expectancy as a nation greatly.
Work Cited (correct MLA format):

Pierce, Alan. “Improving Surgery with 3D Printed Practice Organs.” EBSCO. Prakken
Publications., Feb. 2017. Web. 19 Sept. 2017
EBSCO.
Research Log #3
Date: October 5, 2017

EQ: How can advancements in medical technology affect the field?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point that this Source/Information Proves: # 3
“Vannoni, who was not trained as a scientist or doctor, claimed that bone marrow cells could be
converted to neural cells to cure diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, muscular dystrophy and
spinal muscular atrophy.”
“The Italian Medicines Agency tried to shut down Vannoni’s operation in Brescia hospital in
2012, but parents of sick children with devastating and terminal illnesses went to court
demanding stem cell treatments and hundreds of them won.”
“The Italian government agreed in 2013 to fund a $3.9m clinical trial of the therapy. It took years
of campaigning and investigation by scientists to expose Vannoni’s claims.”
“He was sentenced to 22 months in prison, suspended on the condition he ceased treating
patients.”
“There are two areas in which stem cell treatments work well – in diseases of the blood and the
epithelia, or skin. The reason is that it is possible to remove all the diseased cells first.”

Stem cells are the future in the advancement of medicine. This article states that there
was a Italian founder who is named David Vannoni. He was a partial founder of how to cure
Parkinson’s disease. Vannoni was not trained to be a surgeon, doctor, or any type of medical
degree. Boseley states “The Italian Medicines Agency tried to shut down Vannoni’s operation in
Brescia hospital in 2012, but parents of sick children with devastating and terminal illnesses
went to court demanding stem cell treatments and hundreds of them won” (Boseley). Vannoni
was secretly operating on patients who was successful in doing it.
The Italian government shut down his operations and sentenced him to almost two years
of prison. Some others fought back which requested him to operate on them. Doctors and
scientists started to investigate on how this as possible which lead to the answer of removing all
of the diseased cells first.

Boseley, Sarah. “Charlatans threaten stem cell research with unproven cures, say experts.” The
Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 4 Oct. 2017,
www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/04/charlatans-threaten-stem-cell-research-with-
unproven-cures-say-experts. Accessed 6 October 2017.
I am assuming that this is a reputable and reliable article because it was published in The
Guardian News.
Research Log #4

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“Bald is beautiful — if you're Dwayne Johnson, Daddy Warbucks or a newborn baby. But if
you're among the 50 million men and 30 million women in the United States experiencing
complete or partial loss of hair, the condition, can cause feelings ranging from embarrassment
to great concern.”
“Dr. Cheng-Ming Chuong, professor of pathology at the Keck School of Medicine of USC, is the
senior investigator of a study published by the Stem Cell Laboratory of the University of
Southern California at Los Angeles.”
“He and his team of researchers are discovering a means by which hair follicles can be grown
from skin cells reproduced in vitro in the lab.”
“Stem cells, by definition, are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specialized cells
to produce more of their kind. In adults they are used to maintain the normal turnover of
regenerative organs, such as blood, bone marrow and skin.”
"Many aging individuals do not grow hair well, because adult cells lose their regenerative ability.
But with our new findings, we are able to make adult mouse cells produce hair again."

This article states how men and women in America experiences hair loss as they are
getting older. Dr. Cheng-Ming Chueng is a professor at Keck School of Medicine of USC; this is
where he was able to perform experiments on rats to find if it was possible to regenerate and
grow more hair. The experiment that he performed was taking a rat and shaving all their hair
then transplanting the cells for hair growth and he was able to make a conclusion. Cheung
states “Many aging individuals do not grow hair well, because adult cells lose their regenerative
ability. But with our new findings, we are able to make adult mouse cells produce hair
again”(Chueng).
When Chueng transplanted the cells into the mouse and after he was able to observe
how the cells combines itself to regrow hair. Using this method he was able to sum up that stem
cells could change how cells would react with the host of the subject to change and react
producing hair in this situation.
Work Cited (correct MLA format):When

Sipherd, Ray. “New cure under way for the 80 million people in the US dealing with hair
loss.” CNBC, CNBC, 13 Oct. 2017, www.cnbc.com/2017/10/13/usc-stem-cell-scientists-
developing-a-new-cure-all-for-baldness.html. Accessed 15 October 2017.
CNBC.
Research Log #5

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“ISCI researchers conducted two human trials. The Phase 1 trial involved 15 frail patients
whose average age was 76 years. These patients were given a single infusion of MSCs which
were sourced from bone marrows of younger donors whose ages ranged from 20 to 45 years
old. Six months later, strikingly effective results appeared when it came to tackling key factors in
aging, as every patient improved fitness conditions, gained a better quality of life, and showed
improved tumor necrosis levels”
“Speaking in simple technicademonstrated l terms, stem cells are basically “starting” cells that
can morph into any type of cell in the body. There are two types of stem cells: embryonic stem
cells and adult stem cells”
“Among the different subtypes of adult stem cells, it is the ‘Mesenchymal’ stem cells (MSCs), a
diverse subset of self-renewal multipotent precursors present in many adult tissues and
currently used in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, that are drawing
intense interest in the world of science”
“With the aging of the population, stem cells hold great promise to treat aging-related disability
and frailty, improving physical capacity and quality of life,” said Joshua M. Hare, ISCI Director
and one of the researchers involved in both trials.”
The Fountain of youth is a suspected myth that has been occuring in scientists’ minds. The
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine has been developing a hypothesis if they could
slow down aging with the replacement of younger cells. The experiment that they have
developed shows that the old patients began to improve in physical conditions and improved
tumor necrosis levels. Tumor necrosis is the improvement of the person’s immune system also
clears tumors. Stem cells help older people by treating disabilities and frailty to help them
become less fragile. The findings of University of Miami Miller School of Medicine gives them a
push to excel more in their research.

“A Landmark Stem Cell Therapy Shows Striking Results Against Aging.” Wall Street Pit,
Wall Street Pit, 30 Oct. 2017, wallstreetpit.com/114342-landmark-stem-cell-therapy-
striking-results-against-aging/. Accessed 30 October 2017.
Google News.
Research Log #6

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“Low back pain (LBP) and radiating leg pain have heavier impact on time off work and disability
than any other medical condition”
“Integrative Korean medicine treatment is currently utilized for various LBP-related disorders in
Korea, which is in line with the “Korean Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline for Lumbar
Herniated Intervertebral Disc in Adults” recommendations for multimodal over singular treatment
on the basis of higher effectiveness”
“Treatment frequency was once a week for 16 weeks, and additional treatment sessions were
allowed with regard to patient stat”
“Participants were asked to refrain from receiving treatments for LBP or leg pain other than the
integrative Korean medicine treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture, electro acupuncture,
Chuna manual therapy, pharmacopuncture and bee venom pharmacopuncture) or rescue
medicine (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) stated in the protocol for 16 weeks
and discontinued any other LBP/leg pain related medication”

People around Korea is suffering from lower back pain and this is a growing problem in Korea.
The article states that the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, found this new method that will
help those who are suffers from lower back pain. The most efficient method that is used is,
enough to the point where surgery is not needed to heal people. Herbal medicine and
acupuncture are two primary things that people would need to use for a total of sixteen weeks.
The results were phenomenal because people who finishes the treatment, they did not
experience any more pain. They would not need to use anymore more medications.
Lee, Jinho. “Long-Term Course of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) Patients
receiving Integrative Korean Medicine Treatment: A 1 Year Prospective Observational
Multi center Study.” PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, 27 Jan. 2017,
web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=11&sid=61df9ff7-f701-45cc-aa45-
eb1c560bb082%40sessionmgr101. Accessed 14 November 2017.
EBSCO.
Research Log #7
Date:December 4, 2017
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Excerpts (These shouldn't provide insight into the designated Point to Prove):
“The rule of 3D printing is that before surgery, the doctor and surgeons can find out the anatomy
of the organ. As we get a physical prototype of the organ, it makes easy and better diagnostics
and understanding.”
“Around 20 cases per year end up with the use of this technology in any country, same like
India.”
“With this technology, the products can be made within hours which are much faster than
traditional methods that make it more reliable with enhanced productivity.”
“Dr Kaul said, “A physical model can be held in real to examine and plan various aspects of the
surgery that includes approach, incision, cannulation etc.”
“Such kind of pre-surgical planning leads to shorter operative times with lesser complications.
Traditional methods may require re-intervention in some cases, where this model eliminates
them and provides shorter cardiopulmonary bypass time, circulatory arrest time and fewer
residual lesions.”

Technology is the biggest influencer that has come into the medical field. One of the
most modern technology that has changed the medical field is the 3D printer. The 3D printer
has given surgeons and doctors a great resource to fall back on when situations become fatal.
Some problems that have been introduced are the failure of internal organs which humans
require to survive. When problems like these are introduced to doctors, they are required to find
a way to solve the problem quickly. Resources like the 3D printer resolve situations quicker than
thinking and probability because doctors are able to perform a practice surgery before
performing it on the patient which helps the succession of the surgery.
3D printing is used in four different types of surgeries which are Cardiology,
Neurosurgery, Orthopaedics, and tissues/organs. Cardiology deals with the heart and its valves.
3D Printing is used to produce the right size of valve for the specific patient. This has made the
process quicker for blockages can be removed easily and precisely with less time. 3D printing
helps with neurosurgery for cranial implants, for the shapes are irregular and almost imaginable.
Much like cardiology, the usage of the 3D printer allows the plate to be fitted with perfection for it
is much easier to customize the fit and design. In orthopaedics 3D Printers have given doctors
the ability to produce custom implants quickly and with ease. A similar process compared to
orthopaedics is applied to tissues and organs for in India many lives are lost while waiting for an
organ but with 3D Printing lives lost to waiting for an organ can be eliminated as it would
minimise the risk of rejection of the organ.

Rai, Rajendra. “Printing Technology Can Revolutionise Medical Industry.” Alive. Athena
Information Solutions., 1 Aug. 2017.
http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=249e7bbe-f6d9-40d8-
a076-60ee57a52c7f%40pdc-v-sessmgr01. Accessed 4 December 2017.
EBSCO.
Research Log #8

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“Current research on wound infections is primarily conducted on animal models, which limits
direct transferability of these studies to humans. Some of these limitations can be overcome by
using–otherwise discarded—skin from cosmetic surgeries”
“Superficial wounds are induced in fresh ex vivo skin, followed by intradermal injection of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa under the wound”
“Within 20 hours, the bacteria count increased from 107 to 109 bacteria per wound, while
microscopy revealed a dense bacterial community in the collagen network of the upper wound
layers as well as numerous bacteria scattered in the dermis”
“High-dosage ciprofloxacin treatment resulted in a decisive decrease in bacteria, but

consistently failed to eradicate all bacteria”

Through this article researchers from Europe searches for medicines to decrease the amount of
bacterial infections after surgeries. What the researchers did was take ex vivo human skin which
is mainly used to experimenting a replication of human skin. Conducting this experiment
required researchers to infected the skin with bacteria. When the skin was fully infected they
injected the wound with P. aeruginosa this was to represent the bacteria that spreads
throughout the wound. Twenty hours after the injection they see that bacteria is spreading
throughout the wound and is multiplying quickly. They were able to observe how quick the
bacteria was spreading which spiked the idea that they would have to be able to go through
antimicrobial treatment. This treatment is meant to kill all bacterial organisms that is living in the
wound.

Schaudinn, Christoph, et al. "Development, Standardization and Testing of a Bacterial Wound
Infection Model Based on Ex Vivo Human Skin." Plos ONE, vol. 12, no. 11, 15 Nov. 2017, pp. 1-
13. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186946..
EBSCO.
Research Log #9

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“Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug which acts through facilitation of Alph-2 post-synaptic
receptors and in addition to its antihypertensive, anti-anxiety and analgesic effects, its beneficial
effects in reducing the bleeding during Neurosurgery and Orthopedics surgeries, delicate
surgeries of ear and nasal and sinus endoscopy have been proved.”
“Group 1(less than 2 bloody gauzes), group 2(2–3 bloody gauzes), group 3(4–5 bloody gauzes),
group 4(more than 5 bloody gauzes). All the graded achieved results were analyzed using Chi-
Square test and Fisher test.”
“Oral Clonidine as a pre-anesthetic drug causes decrease in bleeding during rhinoplasty

surgery.”

In this article, tests Clonidine a type of drug that in theory will decrease bleeding in neurosurgery
and orthopedics surgeries. Clonidine is a drug that treats high blood pressure, ADHD, and
cancer pain. The theory of clonidine was to decrease bleeding in surgery, what scientists did
was they conducted an experiment of eighty patients. They divided all eighty by four groups
which group one has less than two bloody gauzes, group two who has two to three gauzes,
group three four to five gauzes and group four who had more than five gauzes. Groups three
and four were the only ones who received Clonidine which obviously lowered in gauzes. The
other groups received a placebo before surgery. The findings were significant because
scientists was able to find that a certain type of drug would lead to a decrease in bleeding in
specific type of surgeries as for instance rhinoplasty surgery. Rhinoplasty surgery is a nose job
for short but mainly stops the bleeding when they open the nose.
The results suggests that clonidine could be used to stop bleeding but also, it is a type of
medicine that helps the procedure succeed in quicker amount of time. Although the medicine is
not to perfection there is also side effects that come along with the drug. An example would be
lowered blood pressure, blackouts when patients get out of bed, and dizziness.These were all
the side effects after the surgery but in total the procedures were successful.

Ghazipour, Ali, et al. "Can Clonidine as a Pre-Anaesthetic Drug Decrease Bleeding during
Rhinoplasty Surgery?." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, vol. 65,
Aug2013 Supplement, pp. 301-303. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s12070-011-0452-y.
EBSCO.

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Research Log #1

Date: 30 August 2017

Point that this Source/Information Proves: #1

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

Date: October 5, 2017

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 4 Oct. 2017,

unproven-cures-say-experts. Accessed 6 October 2017.

Date: October 25, 2017

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Work Cited (correct MLA format):When

Date: October 30, 2017

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

Date: October 30, 2017

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

Date:December 30, 2017

“High-dosage ciprofloxacin treatment resulted in a decisive decrease in bacteria, but

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

Date:December 30, 2017

“Oral Clonidine as a pre-anesthetic drug causes decrease in bleeding during rhinoplasty

Analysis (How does this source support the Point to Prove?):

Work Cited (correct MLA format):

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