Cell 3

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1. Which is the product pyruvate 14. The extracellular matrix Collagen

of glycolysis always has a structural
molecule. An example of
2. occurs in the Glycolysis
one is
cytoplasm of plants
15. A matrix molecule that Fibronectin
3. Fermentation occurs NAD needs to be regenerated
gives the cells and matrix
when oxygen is
together is
absent because
16. The epithelial cell has A basal lamina
4. Which of the They release free energy
hemidesmosomes that
following do
bind to
fermentation and
glycolysis have in 17. The mesenchymal cell Nothing, these cells do not have
common has hemidesmosomes hemidesmosomes
that bind to
5. Concerning the at least 1 reactant comes from the
conversion of cytoplasm in eukaryotes, at least 1 18. The plasmodesmata of a The gap junction
pyruvate to acetyl product enters the TCA (Kreb's) cycle plant is similar in function
CoA in eukaryotes, a coenzyme is reduced, to
& CO2 is produced
19. In cells, which of the Pumping molecules against their
6. Which of the NADH following would be concentration gradients, moving
following is a considered work? vesicles along microtubules, & a
reduced coenzyme? reaction that requires ATP
hydrolysis
7. Which of the CO2
following is a waste 20. May interact with more Enzymes
product of the TCA than one substrate
(Krebs)
21. Is a measure of The Km value
8. The last carbon During the TCA cycle substrate/enzyme
products of the kinetics
breakdown of
22. When Vmax has reached Increase the amount of enzyme
glucose during
its upper limit in a given
aerobic respiration
reaction, how can it be
occur
raised?
9. The electron it helps create a proton gradient
23. Which of the following A molecule that binds to an
transportation is
would be an allosteric allosteric site on an enzyme
similar to
inhibitor?
mitochondria
because 24. Phosphate groups are Kinase
added by
10. Which of the molecule that binds to an allosteric
following would be site on an enzyme 25. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, All produce ATP
a noncompetitive and the electron
inhibitor? transport chain

11. catabolic pathways release free energy 26. Even though the collagen
fibroblast can't migrate, it
12. Which of the feedback inhibition
is still connect to other
following is an
matrix molecules such as
allosteric
modification of an 27. The fibroblast connects Integrins
enzyme to all the different matrix
molecules with its surface
13. What do tight Help seal leaks from between cells
structure or protein
junctions do for
called
epithelial cells?
28. What kind of inhibitor binds covalently Irreversible 38. The plant cell wall pectin
to an amino acid positioned in the contains which of the
active site? following?
29. Which is the correct series of Actin 39. entropy The randomness or disorder in a
connections from the inside of a microfilament, system
mesenchymal cell derivative its focal adhesion,
40. A process that builds is anabolic
environment? integrin,
high energy molecules
fibronectin
from smaller molecules
30. Remove the drug and grow your Migrate, sense
41. Which of the following None of these
fibroblast on a petri dish coated with their environment,
breaks the 2nd Law of
fibronectin collagen, and contract
thermodynamics and
proteoglycans. Cells can now attach
brings the entropy
and perform which of the following
police calling? the
31. You start a new exper. using laminin. Fibronectin reaction catalyzed by
Because it is structurally functionally a dehydrogenase,
similar to movement of H's thr.
the F0F1 structure, &
32. Which of the following statements they anchor cells
glycolysis
about integrins is true? to the matrix or
substrate 42. Reactions resulting in a loss, to, exothermic reactions and
______ of heat _____ the gain, from, endothermic reactions
33. Carcinomas are cancers that develop basement
environment are called
from epithelial cells. Sometimes they membrane
_____.
become metastatic; that is, they move
out of their current environment, 43. A spontaneous process has a -ΔG and does not
migrate away and form a cancer necessarily proceed very quickly
someplace else in the body. Which of
44. An exergonic process has a -ΔG, is spontaneous, and
the following structures acts as a
does not necessarily proceed very
barrier to stop epithelial cells from
quickly
becoming metastatic?
45. Equilibrium occurs in closed systems, in open systems
34. One of the things that help fibroblasts matrix
_________; steady state and in dead organisms, in living
and carcinoma cells to migrate metalloproteinases
occurs in _______. organisms
through the extracellular matrix is their
ability to degrade (break down) the 46. Enzymes are biological catalysts, are
molecules present in the environment. usually proteins, and can be made
What do these cells use that help of RNA
them degrade the environment? 47. What is the effect of a Vmax decreases, KM is unchanged
35. Another problem with the carcinoma vimentin noncompetitive
cells is they undergo an "Epithelial to inhibitor on an
mesenchymal" transition. Which of the enzyme-mediated
following would you expect an reaction?
epithelial cell to acquire (to gain) 48. How do enzymes differ Speed up Rec much more than do
during this transition? from inorganic inorganic catalysts; catalyze a
36. You are designing an artificial organ gap junctions catalysts? very limited # of react. unlike
that requires all of its cells to inorganic catalysts, can speed up
communicate with one another a larger # of react.; They have very
effectively for proper functioning. few side-reactions and only make
What type of cell junctions should you the appropriate products; and
include when designing such an They can be regulated to meet
organ? particular cellular needs at a
particular time.
37. You decide that for your organ to cadherins
function properly, you need all three
junctions (tight, adherens, gap). What
proteins are required for the adherens
junction?
49. A competitive inhibitor
50. The complete collection of
biochemical reactions that
occur in the cell and that are
often found in
interconnected pathways is
called
51. Metabolic pathways that
lead to the synthesis of
more complex compounds
from simpler starting
materials are known as
52. A reaction involving the loss
of one or more electrons is
a(n) _________ reaction.
53. What was(were) the primary
metabolic pathway(s) before
the appearance of O2 in the
atmosphere?
54. Feedback inhibitors bind to
the
55. In what molecule is most of
the energy of glucose
stored at the end of
glycolysis?
56. How many C from each
glucose molecule enter the
Krebs cycle in the presence
of O2?
57. What is produced when the
electrons leave the electron
transport chain and bind to
the final electron acceptor
for the chain?
58. What is the name of the
process that results in the
production of ATP from ADP
and a phosphate group as
electrons pass down the
electron transport chain?
59. Non-spontaneous oxidation-
reduction (redox) reactions
are accompanied by
60. Interactions between cells
and the extracellular matrix
regulate
Competes with the substrate 61. What kind of tissue connective tissue
for access to the active site, consists largely of
Typ. resembles the sub., and extracell. material,
Must differ from the substrate including a variety of
in a way that prevents its distinct fibers that interact
conversion to a product with each other in specific
ways, with cells scattered
metabolism
throughout it?
62. Which of the following mediates cell-cell and cell-
phrases describes a substratum interactions,
function of the mechanical protection for cells,
glycocalyx? barrier to particles moving
toward plasma membrane, and
anabolism
binds important regulatory
factors that act on the cell
surface
63. You place cartilage cells The secretory and synthetic
in culture and then treat activities of the cells decrease.
oxidation
them with enzymes that
digest the surrounding
extracellular matrix. What
fermentation and glycolysis happens?
64. In which type of tissue is connective tissue
the extracellular matrix
most prominent?
allosteric site
65. Which of the following is a It generates signals that
function of a basement maintain cell survival, provides
pyruvate membrane? mech. support cells it att., it
separates adjacent tissues
within an organ, and it plays a
role in preventing the passage
4 of proteins out of the blood
and into the tissues
66. From the (basal) surface gap junctions, spot
to the (apical) surface of desmosomes, belt
water an epithelial cell, what is desmosomes, tight junctions
the order of cell junctions
observed in the junctional
complex?
67. From the (apical) surface tight junction, belt desmosome,
oxidative phosphorylation to the (basal) surface of spot desmosomes, gap
an epithelial cell, what is junctions
the order of cell junctions
observed in the junctional
complex?
68. Which cell junction zonulae adherens
a gain of free energy encircles a cell like a belt
at its apical end and binds
a cell to its surrounding
neighbors? May also
cell migration and cell
transmit signals between
differentiation
those neighboring cells as
well.
69. Which cell junction prevents the zonula occludens and 82. What kind of inhibitor binds very tightly to irreversible
move. of solutes between the tight junctions an enzyme often forming a covalent bond
cells of an epith. layer? with an amino acid in the active site?
70. The main function of gap allow communication 83. The effect of a competitive inhibitor can be increasing
junctions is to _______ between reversed by substrate
cells. concentration
71. You are studying an animal and The cells are connected 84. What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor Vmax stays
inject fluorescein, a fluorescent by gap junctions. on an enzyme-mediated reaction? the same, KM
dye, into a single cell on the increases
surface epithelium of the animal.
85. Metabolic pathways that make available catabolism
After a brief period of time, the
raw materials from which other molecules
dye spreads to cells neighboring
can be synthesized and that provide
the injected cell. What do you
chemical energy required for many cell
conclude?
activities are known as
72. The energy stored in ATP is energy transduction
86. A reaction involving the gain of one or reduction
converted to mechanical energy
more electrons is a(n) _________ reaction.
that moves organelles around
within the cell. This is an example 87. Glycolysis occurs in the ________; the Krebs cytoplasm,
of (TCA) cycle occurs in the ______ of mitochondria,
eukaryotes and the ______ of prokaryotes. cytoplasm
73. Entropy is associated with the random, random
_______ movement of particles of 88. What kind of enzyme adds phosphate protein
matter, which because they are groups to enzymes for the purpose of kinases
_____ cannot accomplish a activating or deactivating them?
directed work process. 89. In what ways can pyruvate and NADH be aerobic
74. the total energy content of a enthalpy metabolized? processes
system using Krebs
cycle,
75. What kind of organism reaches a dead one
fermentation
equilibrium?
90. How many carbons from 13 original glucose 52
76. Given the equation ΔG = ΔH - entropy decreases and
molecules enter the Krebs cycle in the
TΔS, which set of conditions the reaction is
presence of oxygen?
would result in a reaction that is endothermic
unambiguously nonspontaneous? 91. How many C from 13 original glucose mole. 0
enter the Krebs cycle in the absence of O?
77. Which reaction below might be a C+F<—
suitable coupled reaction for the >G+H(ΔG=+8.3kcal/mole) 92. What happens to the carbons of pyruvate They are
reaction A + B <—> C + D (ΔG = that do not enter the Krebs cycle? converted to
-8.7 kcal/mole)? CO2.

78. Which property below is not a They are required only 93. What molecule is responsible for Coenzyme A
characteristic of enzymes? in large amounts. conveying 2 carbons from pyry. to the
Krebs cycle?
79. Enzymes work by lowering the activation
energy of a reaction and 94. Where are most of the enzymes of the in the soluble
thus speeding up the Krebs cycle located? phase of the
reaction mitochondrial
matrix
80. What kind of interaction is not a permanent covalent
involved in the binding of a bond 95. What is the terminal electron acceptor of O2
substrate to a normally the electron transport chain?
functioning enzyme? 96. Strong reducing agents exhibit lower
81. Doubling the concentration of double, not alter electron
enzyme will ______ the Vmax and affinity.
_____ the KM. 97. Spontaneous oxidation-reduction (redox) a loss of free
reactions are accompanied by energy
98. Direct formation of ATP by the transfer substrate-level 110. You coat a Petri dish with fibronectin competitive
of a P group from a donor molecule to phosphorylation and proteoglycans and culture cells inhibition
ADP is on the dish. The cells adhere to the
dish. You repeat the experiment but
99. What is the final electron acceptor in oxygen
this time add RGD tripeptides to the
the electron transport chain?
culture dish as the cells are added.
100. What is formed when electrons reach water The result if this experiment is an
the bottom of the mitochondrial example of what biochemical process
electron transport chain and bind to the
111. Cells in culture were treated with Cells would not
final electron acceptor?
antibodies to integrin. What could be be able to adhere
101. The energy released by proton increases the a possible outcome of such treatment properly to their
movement through ATP synthase binding affinity substrate
of the active site
112. What enzyme, whether produced by Matrix
for the ATP
cancer cells or the cells surrounding a metalloproteinases
product
tumor, helps cancer cells penetrate (MMPs)
102. All collagen family members consist of 3, triple helix the extracellular matrix by digesting
_____ chains arranged in a _______. the extracellular matrix
103. What integral membrane protein family integrins 113. What are tight junctions specialized
made of two membrane-spanning contacts between
chains (a and B) is involved in attaching adjacent epithelial
cells to their extracellular cells
microenvironment?
114. Some animals are found to be lacking uncontrolled water
104. The tightest attachment between a cell hemidesmosome a gene required to assemble loss
and its extracellular matrix is seen at epidermal tight junctions. What is a
the site where an epithelial cell is possible medical condition among
attached to the underlying basement those animals
membrane. The specialized adhesive
115. You are changed with designing an Gap junctions
structure found at such a site is called
artificial organ that requires all of its
a(n)
cells to communicate with one
105. What type of cell adhesion molecule is cadherins another effectively for proper
associated with cells being held functioning. What type of cell
together by adherens junctions at the junctions should you include when
site of the junction? designing such organ?
106. Which animal cell structure do gap junctions 116. What type of cell adhesion molecule cadherins
plasmodesmata in plants most closely is associated with cells being held
resemble? together by adherens junctions are
107. Which of the following proteins of the Both laminin and the site of the junction
extracellular matrix does NOT have a fibronectin 117. How are gap junctions and Gap junctions are
membrane - spanning domain plasmodesmata different? found in animals
108. Which of the following statements It has a rod-like and plasodesmata
about collegen is true triple helix in plant cells
structure 118. Most of the ATP made during cellular oxidative
109. You coat a Petri dish with fibronectin the cells do not respiration is generated by phosphorylation
and proteoglycans and culture cells on adhere to the 119. Which of the following are reduced FADH2 and NADH
the dish. The cells adhere to the dish. dish coenzymes
You repeat the experiment but this time
120. Electron transport complexes include Hemaglutinin
add RGD tripeptides to the culture dish
all of the following EXCEPT
as the cells are added. What happens?
121. Which of following structures is NOT Vaculole
found in mitochondria
122. A molecule 36 128. For a reaction with a standard free The reaction is
of glucose energy change, ΔG = -7.3 kca;/mol, exergonic
completely which of the following statements is
catabolized true
by means of
129. Observe the following equation: catabolic pathway
glycolysis
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ΔG°'
and the TCA
= -686 kcal/mol
cycle
The reaction shown above is an
produces a
example of an
total of
____ATPs 130. The continual flow of oxygen and the concentration
other materials into and out of cells of reactants and
123. Types of Molybdenum
allows cellular metabolism to exist in products remains
electron
a steady state because relatively constant
carriers for
the electron
transport
chain include
all of the
following
EXCEPT?
124. What They greatly increase the surface area of
advantage do aerobic respiration machinery
the cristae
confer on the
mitochondria
125. How is the Electrons bound to FADH2, are used to gen.
energy used a proton grad. across the inner mitochon.
to make ATP memb.; Electrons bound to NADH, are used
via the to gen. a proton grad. across the inner
electron mitochon. memb.; The energy from electrons
chain bound to reduced coenzymes is used to
generated? create a steep elec. grad.; and Electrons
bound to NADH are use to gen. a H+ ion
grad. Across the inner mitocho. Mem
126. How do by generating an ionic (electrochemical)
mitochondria gradient
generate and
store the
energy used
to produce
most of the
ATP made
during
aerobic
respiration?
127. What drives proton movement from intermembrane
the rotation space to the matrix
of the F1 head
of ATP
synthase?