Femmi Rachmawati

170210150023

Ethnic conflict between south Sudan and north Sudan

Sudan is a country variously included in North Africa or (by the African Union)
East Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, to
the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, and
Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The
River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Half of Sudanese 70% is
Islam, 5% is Christian and 25% believe a traditional religion (Factbook, 2015). Sudan is
the biggest country in Africa. Africa has so many ethnic groups who live there cause the
diversity of society but there so many ethnic conflict or internal conflict in Sudan and it
could be the beginning of civil wars. Such as the ethnic conflict between southern and
northern Sudan. The civil war in the two times and so long.

Sudan is an extremely poor country that has experienced protracted social

conflict, civil war, and, in July 2011, the loss of three-quarters of its oil production due to
the secession of South Sudan. The Arabian is the majority that make Arabic language be
the national language there. Islam is a predominant religion in North Sudan with big
region then South Sudan and Christian became a minority religion in South Sudan the
little country. The conflict happens because discrimination on the economy, politics, and
social aspect because that religion. Not just that, the central government holds on to the
ideology of Islam. The government always thinking of Muslim Arabian has a superiority
then African with the dark skin (D, 1994). Therefore, that is why the civil wars are
beginning.

Sudan can not be removed from the civil conflict because the center
government was not fair to the rights of citizens in the southern Sudan. Such as In the
political decision of the south Sudan are often not be considered. Not just in a political
decision in the field of economics too is often going on the uneven distribution jobs and
in the economics development the country always happen in South Sudan exploitation by
the center government located in North Sudan. The government is Muslim should unite
the south and north Sudan do not be like that and the government must fair with other
religion because that Sudan could be a country with many cultures and ethnic life in
peaceful without conflict and wars. The bad impact of wars can make society in the
misery.

Sudan is dominated by Arabian or Muslim. Such in governance dominated by

Muslim too. So African become the minority. Sudan is the unique country because
consist of many ethnic. If the heterogeneity makes to the way to be the power of the
country in the world. This is done because different on religion and ethnic. In
government is domination by Arabian or Muslim. But every religion does not teaches to
differentiate religion because all religion teach how to respect other religion. So, that’s
discrimination not from Islam because Islam not teach about that but Islam teach how to
helping, caring and each other.

The civil wars are happen in two times. The first civil wars begin about 1955-
1972. The conflict starts from colonialism period by Egypt which is African has the dark
skin always became a servant (Sudan Civil Wars, n.d.). The result of the conflict since
1989 until 1990, 2000 women and children kidnapped when raid done because the
discrimination rises the radical group. Therefore, the government tries anything to
disappear the radical group (Samatha power, n.d.). Because the long conflict about two
million people dead because of famine and the government so busy to caring about
society. The war in Sudan has not only cost the Sudan 2.9 million lives, but the country
is economic destroy. The war cost Sudan approximately two million US Dollars per day
(Biel, 2003). It causes social inequality in Sudan. The government only cares for the
wars, but the people ignored.

So many ways to stem the conflict ethnic, one way to make peaceful
government already make an agreement in the order that to reconcile between south
Sudan and north Sudan. Every an agreement has lack and specialty but to create the real
peace is difficult because the conflict still happens. The agreement such as Naiveté’s
agreement is the solution, which take to end the conflict but in that agreement that agree
to cease-fire between radical groups (SPLM) and central government of Sudan in
Khartoum, but the conflict still happens. Have many efforts to create peace in the Sudan
such as peace agreement, mediation, and council. Too difficult to reunite that country.
The effective way to finish the conflict is a referendum.

Based on KBBI referendum is a submission of issues to the crowd. The result

of referendum is south Sudan separate from Sudan. Therefore, referendum causes
independence for south Sudan. But, the referendum result will be able to bring up the
conflict again because will be inhibited by several things such as Sudan sovereign debt
division and the division of revenue from petroleum. That problem will have a significant
impact, which allows splitting large conflict. Therefore, the results of the south Sudan
liberty does not guarantee conflict will not happen again. The war is over but a big
conflict may occur again because even though independence and disengage from Sudan,
but Sudan’s North and South still depend each other. The government in the Southern
Sudan there are there are many people who are from Northern Sudan will be trigger
conflict.
 Bibliography
Biel, M. R. (2003, 02 23). SW&S. Retrieved 12 21, 2015, from Social Work and Society
International Online Jurnal: http://www.socwork.net/sws/article/view/260/430

D, A. R. (1994). The politics of two sudans. upsala: the scandinavian institute of african studies.

Factbook, C. (2015, desember 17). CIA.GOV. Retrieved 12 21, 2015, from Central Intellegence
Agency: https://www.cia.gov/redirects/ciaredirect.html

Samatha power. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 21, 2015, from Sudan- africa timeline of conflict:
http://www.learntoquestion.com/seevak/groups/2006/sites/Power/SP%28Africa%29/Sud
an/Time%20Line/Africa_Sudan_Timeline.htm

Sudan Civil Wars. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 21, 2015, from Global Security:
http://www.globalsecurity/military/world/war/sudan-civil-war1.htm