INTRODUCTION

Determining differences in elevation between points that are remote from each
other is the procedure that is called leveling. Leveling is the branch of surveying the
object. The aims of leveling are to find the elevation of given points and to establish
points at given elevations with respect to a given or assumed datum. Specialized
equipment is required to undertake leveling and as usually this has been an optical level
with its tripod and staff. Surveying may be defined as a scientific way to determine the
position in three dimensions, of natural and man feature on or beneath the surface of the
earth. Surveying also concerned with fixing the position of control point in topographic
detail, therefore it requires some form of reference system. An alternative consideration is
a level surface, at all points normal to the direction of gravity. Such a surface would be
formed by the means position of ocean. The most significant aspect of this surface is that
survey instrument is set up relative to it. A datum is any reference surface to which the
elevation of points is referred. The most commonly use datum is that of mean sea level.
When to point or more point are exactly at the same elevation, it mean occurring
the different elevation of two points. This different elevation can be measured by leveling
method. The equipments used in the leveling method comprise optical level, graduated
staff and tripod. Errors are contained in all measurement procedures and the surveyor
must wage a constant battle to minimize the errors. As a result, no matter how careful
executed, the result will contain error, but we can take some action to reduce the mistakes
as much as possible.

OBJECTIVE
In engineering applications especially civil engineering, surveying leveling has many
application in this field and it is used at all stages in construction projects.
Leveling is done for the following purposes:

1. To determine the height (altitudes) of different between two or more points.

Reduced level between two points can be determined.
2. To learn the proper uses of a level by running a closed level loop, including
adjustments of elevations for turning points and establishing the temporary bench
mark (TBM) along the loop with respect to the known Bench Mark Level (BM).
3. To establish one temporary bench mark (TBM) in the working sector with respect
to the nearest temporary (already established).
4. To prepare a longitudinal section and cross section of a project (roads, railways,
irrigation canals, etc) in order to determine the volume of earth work.
5. To prepare a contour for fixing sites for reservoirs, dams, barrages and fix the
alignment of roads, irrigation canals, railways and etc (map topography of the
earth).
 6. To determine the altitudes of different points on a hill or to know the reduced
level of different points on or below the surface of the earth.
7. To prepare a layout map for water supply, sanitary or drainage schemes and also
to prepare a layout for construction projects according to specific design (setting
out).
8. To set up level or horizontal surfaces such as floor slap, foundation trenches and
so on.
9. To carry out two peg test to know whether the line collimation of the level is in
adjustment or not.

OUTCOMES
After doing the leveling and two peg test, we hope that we can achieve some experience
and anyone of us will be able to:

 Cooperate between group members and manage ourselves so that we can finish
the job on time.

 Improve our understanding and application of all theory that have been taught by
lecturer.

 Understand the theoretical and analytical aspects of geomatics.

 Set up and carry out adjustment of a level instrument.

 Learning to read and prepare topographic maps.

 Record the leveling data into the leveling form.

 Find out the reduced level around the campus.

 Train and behave ourselves when doing field work.