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xm xm y 1 xm y 2 . . . x m y n
(m×1)

  
a11 a12 . . . a1n x1
 a21 a22 . . . a2n  x2 
3)   9 
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99  =
am1 am2 . . . amn xn
(m×n) (n×1)
   
a11 x1 + a12 x2 + · · · + a1n xn b1
 a21 x1 + a22 x2 + · · · + a2n xn   b2 
=   9 
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =  99  ∈ Mm×1 (K).
am1 x1 + am2 x2 + · · · + amn xn bm
(m×1)

 
a11 a12 . . . a1n
 a21 a22 . . . a2n 
4) (x1 , x2 , . . . , xm ) 
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  =
(1×m)
am1 am2 . . . amn
(m×n)

= (a11 x1 + a21 x2 + · · · + am1 xm ,

a12 x1 + a22 x2 + · · · + amn xm ,
 QJJ 9R35;#$Q  ^

. . . , a1n x1 + a2n x2 + · · · + amn xn ) =

= (c1 , c2 , . . . , cn ) ∈ M1×n (K).
(1×n)
S Z ∗ @
A = (aij )m×n 1 B = (bjk )n×p ,- K 
;N988
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A=  9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 , B=  9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
As1 ... Ast }ms Bt1 . . . BAtu }nt
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+ a21 + a22 + · · · + a2n +
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 
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i=1
n
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j=1 j=1 i=1 j=1 i=1
 1
m X
X n n X
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S= aij = aij ,
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X X X X
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  (i, k)   @ 


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   
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an1 an2 . . . ann 0 0 . . . bn

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,-  CB5D;  
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n
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
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 9 9 
 
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j

 
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
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 · · · · 19 · · · 0 · · · · j
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 9 9 
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 
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     
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
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 dim(Aϕ) = dim A − dim(A ∩ ker ϕ) 9
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