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ﺿﻣﯾر Pronoun / pn / ھو ﻣﺎ ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳم أو ﯾﺣل ﻣﺣﻠﮫ I, he, she, it, who ,which ,whose
Verb / v / ﻓﻌل ھو ﻣﺎ ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣدوث ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻣﺎ play, played , is , are , have
Verb
Adjective /adj./ ﺻﻔﺔ ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺻف اﻻﺳم وﺗﻛون ﻗﺑﻠﮫ quick boy / good student
ﺣﺎل Adverb / adv. / ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺻف اﻟﻔﻌل أو اﻟﺻﻔﺔ run quickly / study well /
extremely tall
Preposition /prep./ ھو ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳم أو اﻟﺿﻣﯾر ﻟﺗﺑﯾن Ahmed goes to school .
ﻋﻼﻗﺗﮫ ﺑﻛﻠﻣﺔ أﺧرى) to - by - for
ﺣرف اﻟﺟر They traveled by plane.
in- with - from- of- about ...
Conjunction /conj./ ھو ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﺻل ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ و ﻛﻠﻣﺔ أو Ali and Ahmad are my friends .
ﺟﻣﻠﺔ وﺟﻣﻠﺔ ) .( or / and
راﺑط ﻋطف
Interjection ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن أﺻوات أو ﺻﯾﺣﺎت ﺗﻌﺑر ﯾﺎ ﻟﻸﺳف ! ﻟﻘد ﻣﺎﺗتAlas ! She died . .
ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺟب ﻋن اﻟﺗﻌﺟب ) ( Alas – Wow
Article أداة )Definite( the ) indefinite ( a, an
This is a book.
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم aﻗﺑل اﻻﺳم اﻟﻧﻛرة اﻟذي ﯾﺑدأ
ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛن.
This is an apple.
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم anﻗﺑل اﻻﺳم اﻟﻧﻛرة اﻟذي ﯾﺑدأ
ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣرك.
The earth goes round the sun .
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم theﻟﻠﺗﻌرﯾف.
- ٣ﻣﻔﻌول object
ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل
(٢اﻟﻔﻌل Verb
have / has had ) ( played / eatenاﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث He has just played tennis.
Ex : 1) I play tennis everyday . 2) He plays tennis every day . 3) She played yesterday.
وﻗد ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻛﻔﻌل أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ) وذﻟك ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﺑﻣﻔرده ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ( :
ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول
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Complement ( ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ٤
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Helping Verbs
أﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة
Verb to Be ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون Verb to Have ﻓﻌل ﯾﻣﺗﻠك Verb to Do ﻓﻌل ﯾﻌﻣل
ﻣﺿﺎرع am / is are have / has do / does
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ was were had did
اﻟﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻛﺎﻣل am not is not are not was not were not
أﺧﺗﺻﺎر اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ’m not ’s not ’re not
not اﺧﺗﺻﺎر isn’t aren’t wasn’t weren’t
اﻟﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻛﺎﻣل have not has not had not do not does not do not
أﺧﺗﺻﺎر اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ’ve not ’s not ’d not
not اﺧﺗﺻﺎر haven’t hasn’t hadn’t don’t doesn’t don't
أﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﺿﻣﺎﺋر
Subject ( ◄ ﻓﻲ ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ) ﻗﺑل اﻟﻔﻌل- Ali is a good boy . He always gets high marks.
Pronouns ( ◄ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳؤال ) ﺑﻌد اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد- Where do they go ? – They go to the club.
ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل
Object ( ◄ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ) ﺑﻌد اﻟﻔﻌل - My friend gave me a pen .
Pronouns ( for - of ..) ◄ ﺑﻌد ﺣروف اﻟﺟر - The little boy made it for her.
ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ
Possessive ◄ﻗﺑل أﺳم اﻟﺷﺊ اﻟﻣﻣﺗﻠك- I play football with my friends .
Adjectives
ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ
Possessive ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ وﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ أﺳم ◄ - These shoes are mine .
Pronouns - I met a friend of mine yesterday .
ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ
Reflexive . ◄أذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ھو ﻧﻔﺳﮫ اﻟﻣﻔﻌول - He fell down and hurt himself .
Pronouns ◄ ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛﯾد ) أن اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ھو اﻟذى ﻗﺎم - I do the homework myself .
ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻻﻧﻌﻛﺎس ( ﺑﺎﻟﺣدث ﺑﻧﻔﺳﮫ - Help yourself .
. ◄ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات - Enjoy yourself.
- Behave yourself.
- I live by myself. ( I live alone )
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Relative Pronouns ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟوﺻل
Who ( ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل ) ﻓﺎﻋل أو ﻣﻔﻌول The boy ,( who ) I met , was playing.
The boy , who studies hard , gets high marks.
Whom ( ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل ) ﻣﻔﻌول ﻓﻘط The boy , ( whom ) I met , was playing.
Which ﻟﻐﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل I drove the car which my father bought me.
That ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل وﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل The boy ,( that ) I met , was playing.
I drove the car that my father bought me.
Whose ( ﻟﻠﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ ) ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗل وﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗل This is the woman whose son died.
The dog , whose leg was broken , was small.
When ﻟﻠوﻗت The holiday is a nice time when we enjoy.
Where ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن This is the school where we learn.
Why ﻟﻠﺳﺑب I don’t know the reason why he was absent.
How ﻟﻠﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ أو اﻟﺣﺎل He told me how to face challenges.
What all ﻟﻸﺷﯾﺎء ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺔ ب This is all what I have.
ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ
. ﻣﻊ ﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺎﻗلWhich ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻗل وWhom اذا ﺳﺑق اﻟﺿﻣﯾر ﺣرف ﺟر ﻓﺄﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
Ex : The boy I met yesterday was playing. / I drove the car my father bought me.
. ﻻﺣظ وﺟود ﻓﺎﻋل اﺧر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ
: ﻻ ﯾﺟوز أن ﻧﺣذف ﺿﻣﯾر اﻟوﺻل اذا أﺗﻲ ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ
Ex : The boy , who studies hard , gets high marks.
/ I ate the apple that was on the table.
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Questions اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ-: ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ
. ( ) ﻧﺳﺑق اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو اﻟﻧﺎﻗص ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﺛم ﻧﺗرك اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻛﻣﺎ ھو: ◄ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد اوﻧﺎﻗص
اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ اﻷﺟﺎﺑﺔ
-They are playing . Are they playing ? Yes, they are .
No , they aren’t .
- He is reading a book. Is he reading a book ? Yes, he is . / No , he isn’t .
- I am eating fish . Are you eating fish ? Yes , I am . / No, I am not .
- I was sleeping . Were you sleeping ? Yes, I was . / No, I wasn’t .
- We were studying . Were you studying ? Yes ,we were .
No, we weren’t .
- I will play football . Will you play football ? Yes , I will . / No , I won’t .
- I can ride a bike . Can you ride a bike ? Yes , I can . / No , I can’t .
-You should play sports . Should I play sports ? Yes , you should .
/ No , you shouldn’t .
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( Wh../ How ) questions ( إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ﺑﺄداة أﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم٢)
When ﻣﺗﻰ ( tomorrow… ) اﻟوﻗت او اﻟزﻣن When will you come ? – Tomorrow .
Which آى ( the red car ..) اﻻﺧﺗﯾﺎر أو اﻟﺗﻔﺿﯾلWhich car do you like ? – The red car .
Which boy is taller :Ahmed or Ali? Ali.
What ﻣﺎذا-ﻣﺎ ( car / dog .. ) ﻏﯾراﻟﻌﺎﻗل What did you buy ? – A car .
Why ﻟﻣﺎذا ( because – to – for ) اﻟﺳﺑب Why didn’t you come ? – Because I was ill.
Whose ﻟﻣن ( Ali’s / his … ) اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔWhose book is this ?- It’s Ali’s book .
How old ﻛم ﻋﻣر ( 10 years old ) اﻟﻌﻣر او اﻟﺳنHow old are you ? 10 years old .
How many ﻛم ﻋدد ( two / three …. ) اﻟﻌددHow many pens do you have ? -1 pen.
How much ﻛم ﺛﻣن ( 2 Dollars ) اﻟﺛﻣن او اﻟﺳﻌرHow much is this dress ? – 40 $
How far ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد ( 5 km far ) اﻟﺑﻌد او اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔHow far is your school ? –2 km far .
How long ﻛم طول ( أو اﻟﻣدة3 m long ) طول اﻷﺷﯾﺎءHow long is this bridge ? 13 m long .
(for a day / since 1990 ) اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔHow long will you stay ? - For 2 days
How tall ﻛم طول ( 150 cm ) طول اﻷﺷﺧﺎصHow tall is your father ? – 150 cm
( ) ﻟﻸﺷﺧﺎص
. اذا أﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻧﺎ أداة اﻷﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻧﺿﻊ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو ﻧﺎﻗص ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة: ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ
How How tall ? How long ? How old ? How far ? How much ? How old ?
What What height ? What length ? What age ? What distance ? What price ? What age ?
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. ﻧﻛون اﻟﺳؤال اﻟﻣذﯾل ﺑﺄﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد اﻟﻣوﺟود ﺑﺎﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺛم ﺿﻣﯾر ﯾﻌود ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل-
. اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ ﻧﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد واذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﯾﺔ ﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛل اﻷﺛﺑﺎت-
. ( ﻟﻠﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾطdid ) ( ﻟﻠﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط وdo , does ) اذا ﻟم ﯾﻛن ھﻧﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم-
: ھﻧﺎك ﺑﻌض اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن اﻟﻧﻔﻲ وﻋﻧد وﺟودھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻧﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻣﺛﺑت وﻣﻧﮭﺎ
Scarcely - hardly – rarely – never – neither – nor – none – no one – no body – nothing –
no where – little – few – quite often
Ex : He never helps the poor , does he ? / She ate little food , did she ?
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Negative Sentence اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﻔﯾﺔ
Ex : I haven’t eaten fish. ( ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد+ not + ﻋﻧد اﻟﻧﻔﻲ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ) ﻓﻌل أﺳﺎﺳﻲ-
.( ﺑﻌد اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋد أو اﻟﻧﺎﻗص وﻧﺗرك اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻣﺎ ھوnot ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة أو ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ) ﻧﺿﻊ
1)I’m eating some fish now. 1)I’m not eating any fish now.
2) He’s playing tennis now. 2) He’s not playing tennis now.
3) They were sleeping. 3) They were not sleeping.
4) She has just studied English. 4) She has not studied English yet.
5) I have got a car. 5) I have not got a car.
6) I will come tomorrow. 6) I won’t come tomorrow.
7) You should sleep early. 7) You shouldn’t sleep early.
. ( وﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدرnot ) ( ﺣﺳب زﻣن اﻟﺣدث ﺛم ﻧﺿﻊdo / does / did ) ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم وﺟود أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة أو ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
( وذﻟكHe, She , It , اﻷﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد، ( ﺑﻌد ) اﻷﺳم اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدودdoes ) ( وI, We ,You ,They ، ( ﺑﻌد )اﻷﺳم اﻟﺟﻣﻊdo ) ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
. ( ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻛل ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾطdid ) ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط أﻣﺎ
1) I drive my car every day. 1) I don’t drive my car every day.
2) He drives a car every day. 2) He doesn’t drive a car every day.
3) She drove a car yesterday. 3) She didn’t drive a car yesterday.
.( وﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدرnot ) ( ﺣﺳب زﻣن اﻟﺣدث ﺛم ﻧﺿﻊdo / does / did ) ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻛﺄﻓﻌﺎل أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
1) I have a car. 1) I don’t have a car.
2) He has curly hair. 2) He doesn’t have curly hair.
3) I had some friends. 3) I didn’t have any friends.
4) I have to study. 4) I don’t have to study.
5) He has to get up early. 5) He doesn’t have to get up early.
6) They had to play well. 6) They didn’t have to play well.
7) I do my homework. 7) I don’t do my homework.
8) He does his homework. 8) He doesn’t do his homework.
9) They did all their best. 9) They didn’t do all their best.
.( am / is / are / was /were ) ( ﻣﻊ ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛونdo / does / did ﻻ ﺗﻧطﺑق اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون ) ﻻ ﯾﺟوز أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
1) I am a boy. 1) I am not a boy.
2) She was ill. 2) She wasn’t ill.
. ( وﻧﻛﺗب اﻟﻔﻌل ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدرhad better / would rather ) ﺑﻌدnot ﻧﺿﻊ
1) You’d better study. 1) You’d better not play.
2) I’d rather have tea. 2) I’d rather not have tea.
.( never , nothing , nobody, no one , none , neither , nor… ) ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻧﻔﻲ ﻣﺛل
1) He usually plays tennis. 1) He never plays tennis.
2) There was something on the table. 2) There was nothing ( none ) on the table.
3) There was somebody in the park. 3) There was nobody ( no one / none ) in the park.
4) I like fish and meat. 4) I don’t like fish or meat. / I like neither fish nor meat.
5) Both of my parents love shopping. 5) Neither of my parents loves shopping.
6) All ( All of the ) students like English 6) None of the students ( like / likes ) English.
. ( ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔnone / no one / no body ) (ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ أﺛﻨﯿﻦ أﻣﺎNeither ) ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم-
( وﻟﻜﻦlike ) ( أو ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻊlikes ) ( ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدnone ) ( أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪloves ) ( ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدneither ) ﺑﻌﺪ-
.( likes ) اﻷﻓﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد
none ) ( وboth ) ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦneither ) ( وand ) ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦor ) ( وjust / already) ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦyet ) ( وsome ) ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦany ) ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم-
. ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﺔall ) ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦno one / no body /
10
Irregular Verbs أﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺎذة
Present Past P.P. Present Past P.P.
ﻣﺿﺎرع ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺻرﯾف ﺛﺎﻟث ﻣﺿﺎرع ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺻرﯾف ﺛﺎﻟث
cost ﯾﻛﻠف cost cost break ﯾﻛﺳر broke broken
cut ﯾﺟرح/ ﯾﻘطﻊ cut cut choose ﯾﺧﺗﺎر chose chosen
hit ﯾﺻطدم/ ﯾﺿرب hit hit speak ﯾﺗﺣدث/ ﯾﺗﻛﻠم spoke spoken
hurt ﯾﺻﯾب/ ﯾؤذي hurt hurt steal ﯾﺳرق stole stolen
let ﯾﺳﻣﺢ/ ﯾﺗرك/ ﯾدع let let wake ﯾوﻗظ woke woken
put ﯾﺿﻊ put put drive ﯾﺳوق drove driven
shut ﯾﻐﻠق shut shut ride ﯾرﻛب rode ridden
rise ﯾﺷرق/ ﯾرﺗﻔﻊ rose risen
lend ﯾﺳﻠف lent lent write ﯾﻛﺗب wrote written
send ﯾرﺳل sent sent
spend ﯾﻧﻔق/ ﯾﻘﺿﻲ spent spent beat ﯾﻧﺑض/ ﯾﺿرب/ ﯾﮭزم beat beaten
build ﯾﺑﻧﻲ built built bite ﯾﻌض bit bitten
burn ﯾﺣﺗرق/ ﯾﺣرق burnt burnt hide ﯾﺧﺗﺑﺄ/ ﯾﺧﻔﻲ hid hidden
learn ﯾﺗﻌﻠم learnt learnt
smell ﯾﺷم smelt smelt eat ﯾﺄﻛل ate eaten
lose ﯾﺧﺳر/ ﯾﻔﻘد lost lost fall ﯾﻘﻊ/ ﯾﺳﻘط fell fallen
shoot ﯾطﻠق shot shot forget ﯾﻧﺳﻲ forgot forgotten
get ﯾﺣﺻل/ ﯾﺻﺑﺢ got got give ﯾﻌطﻲ gave given
light ﯾﻧﯾر/ ﯾﺿﺊ lit lit see ﯾري saw seen
take ﯾﺄﺧذ took taken
sit ﯾﺟﻠس sat sat
keep ﯾﺣﻔظ kept kept blow ﯾﻧﻔﺦ/ ﯾﮭب blew blown
sleep ﯾﻧﺎم slept slept grow ﯾزرع/ ﯾﻛﺑر grew grown
feel ﯾﺣس/ ﯾﺷﻌر felt felt Know ﯾﻌﻠم/ ﯾﻌرف knew known
leave ﯾﺗرك left left throw ﯾﻘذف/ ﯾرﻣﻲ threw thrown
meet ﯾﻘﺎﺑل met met fly ﯾطﯾر flew flown
dream ﯾﺣﻠم dreamt dreamt draw ﯾرﺳم drew drawn
mean ﯾﻘﺻد/ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ meant meant show ﯾوﺿﺢ/ ﯾﺑﯾن showed shown
11
أﺷﻛﺎل اﻟﻔﻌل
١2
: ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات
I can’t stand ﻻ أﺳﺗطﯾﻊ ﺗﺣﻣل -I can’t stand waiting for him.
I can’t help ﻻ أﺳﺗطﯾﻊ أن أﻣﺗﻧﻊ ﻋن - I can’t help laughing.
It’s no use / good ﻻ ﻓﺎﺋدة ﻣن - It’s no use smoking cigarettes.
It’s worth ﺗﺳﺗﺣق - It’s worth watching .
How about / What about ? ﻣﺎذا ﻋن - How about playing soccer ?
Would you mind / Do you mind ? ھل ﺗﻣﺎﻧﻊ - Would you mind opening the door ?
( goes / plays …. ) ( V+ S ) ( S ) ( ﻓﻌل ﻣﻧﺗﮭﻲ ب٣)
( yesterday-last- ago- one day - once - - I went to the zoo and saw many animals .
in the past …)
. ( ﺣدث ﻣﻔﺎﺟﻲء ) ﯾﻘطﻊ ﺣدث ﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ- - While I was running , I fell down.
ﺣدث ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌد ﺣدث أﺧر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ) اﻷول ﯾﻛون- - After I had studied , I went out .
. ( ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط
- I had studied before I went out .
( gone / played ) ( ﻓﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث5)
( ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻣﺔ ) ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺗﺎم وﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم- I haven’t studied English yet .
- I didn’t go out till I had studied English .
( be / being / am , is , are / was , were / - Our school was built in 1980 .
been ) ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون
- The children are told to sleep early .
( passive voice ) وذﻟك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول
ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ
be , being , am , is , are , was , were , been ( V + ing ) playing ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠوم/ (V3) played ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول
١3
Tenses اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ
Past Simple Regular ( played ) ﻣﻧﺗظم didn’t + اﻟﻣﺻدر Did + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ ? اﻟﻣﺻدر
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط Irregular ( went ) ﺷﺎذ didn’t ( play / go ) Did you ( play / go ) yesterday?
ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ yesterday - once - one day - ago - in the past - last ( day / week ..) - in 1990 - WW1
ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﺑﺳﯾط (am-is-are)+going to + inf. (am-is-are) not + going to + inf. (Am-Is-Are)+ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ going to +inf.?
I’m going to play tomorrow. I’m not going to play…… Are you going to play tomorrow ?
ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ tomorrow - next ( day / week ..) - soon - today - in the future - in (two weeks) - hope - wish
Present (am-is-are ) + v + ing ( playing) (am-is-are ) not + v+ ing ( Am-Is-Are) + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+V + ing ?
Continuous
ﻣﺿﺎرع ﻣﺳﺗﻣر I’m playing now. I’m not playing now. Are you playing ?
ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ now - at this moment - at the present time - these days - this week - Look !- Listen !
Past (was -were )+ v + ing (playing) (was /were )+ not + v + ing (was / were ) + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ V+ ing
Continuous
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر I was playing at 6 last day. I wasn’t playing at 6 last day. Were you playing at 6 last day?
ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ While ( As ) ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ- When ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ- All ( day - night ) ( اﻟﻠﯾﻠﺔ/ طوال )اﻟﯾوم- at 6:00 yesterday
Present Perfect ( have / has ) + V3 (played ) (have /has)+ not + V3 (played) ( have / has ) + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ V3 ?
ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺗﺎم
I have just played tennis. I haven’t played tennis yet. Have you played yet ?
ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ just - already - ever - never - for - since- yet - several times - so far - lately - recently
Present Perfect ( have / has ) + been + V+ing (have /has)+ not + been+ V+ing (have /has) + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ been+ V+ ing
Continuous
ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺗﺎم ﻣﺳﺗﻣر I have been playing for 2 hours. I haven’t been playing ….. Have you been playing ….. ?
Past Perfect had +( V3 ) ( played / gone ) hadn’t + (V3) (played/ gone ) had + ﻓﺎﻋل+ ( V3 ) ( played ) ?
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم I had played tennis . I hadn’t played tennis . Had you played tennis ?
ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺗﮫ ( After - As soon as ) / ( Till - Until ) / ( Before - By the time )
. ◄ ﺷﻛل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ) ﻓﻲ اﻷﺛﺑﺎت واﻟﻧﻔﻲ واﻟﺳؤال ( ﻣﺎﻋدا زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط واﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط
. ( Verb to Do ◄ ﻓﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط واﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ) ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ واﻟﺳؤال ﺑﻌد
Examples
أﺛﺑﺎت ﻧﻔﻲ ﺳؤال
He plays football . He doesn’t play football . Does he play football ?
He played football . He didn’t play football . Did he play football ?
14
Affirmative اﻷﺛﺑﺎتNegative اﻟﻧﻔﻲQuestion اﻟﺳؤال
I I I
We We we
You اﻟﻣﺻد ر You don’t + inf. Do you + inf.
They They they
اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ
He He he
Does
She She she + inf.
ﻓﻌل+ s doesn’t
It It + inf it
اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد
Ali plays football. Ali doesn’t play football. Does Ali play football ?
Yes, he does . / No, he doesn’t .
They ride bikes . They don’t ride bikes . What do they ride ?
They ride bikes .
My sister reads stories . My sister doesn’t read stories. What does your sister read ?
She reads stories .
: ◄ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط
Always داﺋﻣﺎ-usually ﻋﺎدة- sometimes أﺣﯾﺎﻧﺎ-often ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ-seldom / scarcely / rarely ﻧﺎدرا-never أﺑدا
Every / Each ( day – week- month- year…) ( ﺳﻧﺔ – ﻛل )ﯾوم – أﺳﺑوع – ﺷﮭر
Once day
Twice a week
Three times month
year
15
Affirmative اﻷﺛﺑﺎتNegative اﻟﻧﻔﻲQuestion اﻟﺳؤال
Ali played football . Ali didn’t play football . Did Ali play football ?
Yes, he did . / No, he didn’t .
They rode bikes last week. They didn’t ride bikes . What did they ride ?
They rode bikes .
My father traveled last year. My father didn’t travel last When did your father travel ?
year. He traveled last year.
( two days - two weeks …..) ago ( ...... ﻣﻧذ ) ﯾوﻣﯾن – أﺳﺑوﻋﯾن- In the past ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ- Once ذات ﻣرة
One day ذات ﯾوم- Once upon a time ﯾﺣﻛﻲ أن- In 1990
16
Affirmative اﻷﺛﺑﺎت Negative اﻟﻧﻔﻲQuestion اﻟﺳؤال
I will come tomorrow . I won’t come tomorrow . Will you come tomorrow ?
Yes , I will . / No , I won’t .
I will travel next week . I won’t travel next week . When will you travel ?
I’ll travel next week .
am am not Am
is isn’t Is
+ going to + اﻟﻣﺻدر + going to + اﻟﻣﺻدر + + S + going to +اﻟﻣﺻدر
are aren’t
Are
I’m going to watch TV today . I’m not going to watch TV today. Are you going to watch TV ?
Yes , I am . / No , I’m not .
My friend is going to study . My friend isn’t going to study . Is your friend going to study ?
Yes , he is . / No , he isn’t .
Ex: He will travel next week . ( ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻓﻌل ﺳوف ﯾﺣدث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑلwill +inf.) ◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط
Ex : I think Ali will come soon. : ◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺗﻧﺑؤ
Ex: I’m hungry. I will have a sandwich. : ◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻗرار ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ
Ex: There are dark clouds . It’s going to rain. ( will ) ( ﺑدﻻ ﻣنbe + going to + inf. ) ◄ﻋﻧد وﺟود دﻟﯾل ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
Ex : I’m going to study English today. : ( ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻧﯾﺔwill +inf. ) ( أوbe+ going to + inf. ) ◄وﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
I will study English today.
: ◄ﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﺑﻌد اﻟرواﺑط اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة واﻧﻣﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط
Ex : After I finish university , I will have a job. /When I go to Paris , I’m going to buy a new car.
: ◄ﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋق اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ
Ex : If we boil water , it turns into steam ( will turn ) ﻻ ﯾﺟوز ان ﻧﻘول
.( ( ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ) ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون اﻟﺣدث ﻣؤﻛدam / is / are + ﻓﻌل+ ing ) ◄ ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر
Ex : My father has got a ticket . He is traveling next week .
17
Affirmative اﻷﺛﺑﺎت Negative اﻟﻧﻔﻲ Question اﻟﺳؤال
am am not Am
ﻓﻌل+ ing ﻓﻌل+ ing اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻌل
is isn’t Is
+ing
are aren’t Are
am (’m )
is (’ s ) Yes , … ( am / is / are ) .
are ( ’re ) No , … ( am not / isn’t / aren’t ).
I am I am not Am I
He He He
She She She ﻓﻌل
It is It isn’t Is It
اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد +ing
We We We
You are You aren’t You
They They Are They
اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ
I’m eating fish now. I am not eating fish . Are you eating fish ?
Yes, I am . / No, I’m not .
Look ! Ali is playing football . Ali isn’t playing football . Is Ali playing football ?
Yes, he is . / No , he isn’t .
: ◄ ﯾﻌﺑر زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻋن ﻓﻌل ﯾﺣدث اﻷن ) ﻟﺣظﺔ اﻟﻛﻼم ( أو ﺣدث ﻣؤﻗت
Ex : 1) My father is reading a newspaper at the moment .
2) Look ! My friend is climbing a tree . 3) We are having exams this week .
18
Affirmative اﻷﺛﺑﺎت Negative اﻟﻧﻔﻲ Question اﻟﺳؤال
He He He
She She wasn’t Was She
It was It It ﻓﻌل
اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد +ing
We We We
You were You weren’t Were You
They They They
اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ
I was eating fish at 6:00 I wasn’t eating fish at 6:00 Were you eating fish ?
yesterday . yesterday . Yes, I was . / No, I wasn’t .
Ali was playing football . Ali wasn’t playing football . Was Ali playing football ?
Yes, he was . / No ,he wasn’t .
: ◄ ﯾﻌﺑر زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻋن ﺣدث ﻛﺎن ﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻣﻌﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
My father was sleeping at 12:00 last night .
It was raining all night yesterday .
While I was walking , I met my friend .
When I saw Ali , he was playing football .
19
Affirmative اﻷﺛﺑﺎتNegative اﻟﻧﻔﻲQuestion اﻟﺳؤال
I I I
We We we
You have You haven’t + + P.P Have you + P.P
They They they
اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ
He He he
She She hasn’t + P.P she + P.P
It has It Has it
اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد اﺳم ﻣﻔرد
I have already studied . I haven’t studied yet . Have you already studied ?
Yes , I have . / No, I haven’t .
My father has just gone out . My father hasn’t gone out
yet . Has your father gone out ?
Yes , he has . / No, he hasn’t .
. ◄ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ھذا اﻟزﻣن ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺣدث ﺣﺻل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ و اﻧﺗﮭﻰ ﻗﺑل ﻟﺣظﺎت أو اﻧﺗﮭﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ و ﻻزاﻟت آﺛﺎره ﻣوﺟودة ﺣﺗﻰ اﻵن
Ex : I have lived in Cairo for six years .
I have not visited him since 1995 .
She has written three letters just now .
He has made a great progress in the project .
I have washed my car . ( It looks lovely now )
He is very hungry . He hasn’t eaten anything since morning .
20
Time Words اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺗﺎم
ever ﻣن ﻗﺑل ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺳؤال ) ﺑﯾن اﻟﻔﺎﻋل و اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟثever ◄ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم-This is the best meal I’ve ever
never أﺑدا . أو ﻗد ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺿﯾلeaten.
-Have you ever been to Paris ?
( ever ﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﻔﯾﺔ ) ﻟﻠرد ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳؤالnever ◄ﻧﺳﺗﺧدمNo, I have never been to Paris .
. ( never ) ﻗﺑلnot ( n't ) ◄ ﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدمYes , I went there last year .
◄ أذا أﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻧﺎ ﻛﻠﻣﺎت داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
. اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻓﺄﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط
yet ﺣﺗﻲ اﻷن . ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣل اﻷﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻣﻧﻔﯾﺔyet ◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم Have you finished yet ?
No , I haven’t finished yet .
Since For
Since ﻗﺎﻋدة
Ex : He has missed a lot of things since he has traveled abroad . ( He is still abroad )
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Affirmative اﻷﺛﺑﺎتNegative اﻟﻧﻔﻲQuestion اﻟﺳؤال
had hadn’t
اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث
Had اﻟﻔﺎﻋل P. P
had (’d )
had played hadn’t played played
Had اﻟﻔﺎﻋل
had lived hadn’t lived + + lived
had gone hadn’t gone gone
I had done my homework . I hadn’t done my homework . Had you done your homework ?
Yes , I had . / No, I hadn’t .
:◄ اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم
after ﺑﻌد-as soon as ﺑﻣﺟردأن-till / until ﺣﺗﻲ- No sooner ﺑﻣﺟرد أن- hardly/ scarcely ﺑﺻﻌوﺑﺔ/ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎد
before / by the time ﻗﺑل- when ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ
: ◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺣدث ﺗم ﻗﺑل ﺣدث ّأﺧر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
Ex : He was hungry because he hadn’t eaten his breakfast .
He hadn’t eaten his breakfast so he was hungry.
I found the key which I had lost .
I had hardly / scarcely done my homework when I went to the club .
Hardly / Scarcely had I done my homework when I went to the club .
I had no sooner done my homework than I went to the club .
No sooner had I done my homework than I went to the club .
: ( said/ told ) ◄ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن أﺣداث ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﻼم اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﺑﺎﺷر وﻓﻌل اﻟﻘول ﯾﻛون ﻣﺎﺿﻲ
Ex : He told me that he had done his homework.
. ( had + P .P ) ( وﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎمdidn’t + ( ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط ﻣﻧﻔﻲ ) اﻟﻣﺻدرTill / Until ) ﻗﺑل
My father didn’t buy a new car till / until he had got money .
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اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠوم و اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول
Active & Passive
: ( ﻧﺗﺑﻊ اﻟﺧطوات اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔPassive ) ( إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭولActive ) ﻟﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﺟﻣل اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠوم
Examples
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Adjectives اﻟﺻﻔﺎت
. ( ﻗﺑل اﻟﺻﻔﺔthe most / the least ) ( ﻧﺿﻊ١ : ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯾن أﻛﺛر ﻣن أﺛﻧﯾن ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻗﺻﯾرة اﻟﻣﻘطﻊ *
Ex : Football is the most exciting sport .
ﺻﻔﺎت ﺷﺎذة
Positive Comparative Superlative
Bad / ill ﻣرﯾض/ ﺳﺊ Worse than أﺳوأ ﻣنThe worst اﻷﺳوأ
Good / well ﺑﺧﯾر/ ﺟﯾد Better than أﻓﺿل ﻣنThe best اﻷﻓﺿل
Many ﻛﺛﯾرﻟﻠﻌدد/ Much ﻛﺛﯾر ﻟﻠﻛﻣﯾﺔ More than أﻛﺛر ﻣنThe most اﻷﻛﺛر
Little ﻗﻠﯾل ﻟﻠﻛﻣﯾﺔ Less than أﻗل ﻣنThe least اﻷﻗل
Far ﺑﻌﯾد farther than ( أﺑﻌد ﻣن ) ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔThe farthest ( اﻷﺑﻌد ) ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ
further than ( أﺑﻌد ﻣن ) ﻟﻠوﻗتThe furthest ( اﻷﺑﻌد ) ﻟﻠوﻗت
ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت
Adverbs
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Nouns اﻷﺳﻣﺎء
( ﺛمy ) ﻧﺣذف ال، ( وﺳﺑﻘﮫ ﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛنy ) اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف ( ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣركy ) اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف
. ( ies ) ﻧﺿﯾف .( s ) ( ﺛم ﻧﺿﯾف ﻟﮭﺎy ) ﻧﺗرك ال
. ( es ) ﻧﺿﯾف، ( وﺳﺑﻘﮫ ﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛنo ) اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف (s) ( وﺳﺑﻘﮫ ﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣرك ﻧﺿﯾفo ) اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف
. ﻓﻘط
( fe ) ( أوf ) ( ﻧﻘﻠب الfe ) ( أوf ) اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ ﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﺣﺳب اﻻﺳم اﻷﺧﯾر
. ( es ) ( ﺛم ﻧﺿﯾفv ) اﻟﻲ
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: ◄ھﻧﺎك ﺑﻌض اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺷﺎذة
Singular Plural
. ( وھﻲ أﺳﻣﺎء ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن اﻟﺳواﺋل أو اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺎت أو أﺳﻣﺎء ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔa , an ) ( وﻻ ﻧﺿﻊ ﻗﺑﻠﮭﺎes ) ( أوs ) ◄ ﻻ ﻧﺿﯾف ﻟﮭﺎ
. ◄ و ﻟﻛن ﻟو وﺿﻌت ﻛﻠﻣﺎت ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ ﻗﺑل اﻻﺳم اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدود ﻓﺄﻧﮫ ﯾﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻊ
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Noun Quantifiers ( ﻣﺣددات اﻷﺳﻣﺎء ) ﻣﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺑل اﻷﺳﻣﺎء
singular اﻷﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد plural اﻷﺳم اﻟﺟﻣﻊ Uncountable اﻷﺳم اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدود
( water , tea , coffee …..)
A / an ( one ) two / three … / Both
The The The
Every / Each ﻛل All ﻛل/ most ﻣﻌظم All ﻛل/ most ﻣﻌظم
Each boy plays soccer. A lot of ( lots of ) / A lot of ( lots of ) /
Each plays soccer. Plenty of Plenty of
Every boy plays soccer.
some ﺑﻌض/ any أي some ﺑﻌض/ any أي
each ﻻﺣظ أﻧﻧﺎ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم enough ﻛﺎﻓﻲ enough ﻛﺎﻓﻲ
ﺑﻣﻔردھﺎ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻷﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد أﻣﺎmany / more / several / much / more / a great deal of
. ﻓﻼ ﺑد ان ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﺳم ﻣﻔردevery a number of ﻛﺛﯾر a quantity of / a mount of / a
bit of
A few / few / fewer ﻗﻠﯾل A little / little / less ﻗﻠﯾل
I’d like a lot of juice . I wouldn’t like much juice . Would you like much juice ?
too many / too much ( too ) ( ﻓﻲ اﻷﺛﺑﺎت ﺑﻌد ﻛﻠﻣﺔmany / much ) ◄ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
Demonstrative adjectives ﺻﻔﺎت اﻷﺷﺎرة
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أدوات اﻟﺗﻌرﯾف و اﻟﻧﻛرة
Definite & Indefinite Articles
a book – a pen – a tree – a car – a man - a girl . ﻗﺑل اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺑدأ ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛنa ◄ ﻧﺿﻊ
an apple – an egg – an ice cream – an orange (a , e , i , o , u ) ﻗﺑل اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺑدأ ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣركan ◄ ﻧﺿﻊ
( a /an ) أﺳﺗﺧدام
.ﻗﺑل اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ أو ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻧﺎس أو اﻟﺟﻧﺳﯾﺔ He is an engineer. She is an English women.
( The ) أﺳﺗﺧدام
.اﻻﺳم اﻟذي ﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﻣﻧﮫ ﺳوى ﻧوع واﺣد ﻓﻘط The Ka’aba / The sun / The earth / The universe /
The world / The sky ….
أﺳﻣﺎء اﻷﻧﮭﺎر و اﻟﺑﺣﺎر واﻟﻣﺣﯾطﺎت واﻟﺧﻠﺟﺎن واﻟﺟﺑﺎل The Arabian Gulf / The River Nile / The Red Sea /
.… واﻟﺻﺣﺎري واﻟﺟزر The Pacific Ocean / The Alps / The Sahara
desert
ﻣﻊ اﻷﺗﺟﮭﺎت The north / the south / The east / The west
ﻣﻊ ظروف اﻟﻣﻛﺎن The top / The bottom / The left / The right / The
centre / The middle / The corner
ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم أداة اﻟﺗﻌرﯾف أل ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳم اﻟذي ذﻛر ﻟﻠﻣرة اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ I saw a man. The man was young .
ﻣﻊ اﻷﺷﯾﺎء اﻟﻣﻌروﻓﺔ The president / The manager / The door / The
roof / The police / The army / The country
.أﺳﻣﺎء اﻵﻻت اﻟﻣوﺳﯾﻘﯾﺔ The piano / The drum / The oud / The guitar
( Who ﻗﺑل ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟوﺻل ) اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻲ ﺿﻣﯾر وﺻل ﻣﺛل I know the boy who took your bike .
( أو اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟوﺻﻔﯾﺔOf ) ﻗﺑل The name of …/ The winner of…/ The capital of
( ﻗﺑل اﻟﺻﻔﺎت ) ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯾن أﻛﺛر ﻣن أﺛﻧﯾن The tallest / The most exciting
ﻣﻊ أرﻗﺎم اﻟﺗرﺗﯾب The first / The second / The third / The fourth ….
ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت The radio / The internet / The end / The same
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( The ) ﺣﺎﻻت ﻋدم اﺳﺗﺧدام
( ﻗﺑل ﺑﻌض اﻷﻣﺎﻛن ) أذا أﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻧﺎھﺎ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم home / bed / hospital / school / college /
university / prison /….
Ex : I go to school ( ) ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم/ My father came to the school yesterday . ( ) ﺑﺷﻛل ﺧﺎص
ﻗﺑل اﻟدول واﻟﻣدن واﻟﻘﺎرات France / Egypt / Cairo / Dubai / South America
The U.A.E. / The K.S.A. / The U.S.A. / The U.K. ( The united kingdom )
ﻗﺑل أﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺷوارع واﻟﻣﯾﺎدﯾن واﻟطرق Times Square / Hope Street / Dubai Road
ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣواد اﻟدراﺳﯾﺔ English / Math / IT / Arabic / History ….
( ﻗﺑل اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدودة ) أذا أﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻧﺎھﺎ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم music / water / work / life / weather / fish
…..
: ( The ) ◄ أذا أﺳﺗﺧدﻣﻧﺎ اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدودة ﺑﺷﻛل ﺧﺎص ) ﻣﺣدد ( ﻓﺄﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
Ex : I don’t like cold weather. ( ) ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم/ The weather is cold today . ( ) ﺑﺷﻛل ﺧﺎص
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Conjunctions
in order that To / in order to • I study hard so that I can get high marks
So that ﻟﻛﻲ So as to ﻟﻛﻲ
• I study hard so as to get high marks .
• I study hard in order not to fail the
In order not to
exam .
So as not to ﻟﻛﻲ ﻻ
For ﻣن أﺟل ﻋﺑﺎرة • I study hard for good marks .
ﻓﻌل+ ing • I study hard for getting good marks.
Examples
as, as if, • He speaks as if he were a king.
as though • It looks as if it would rain.
ﻛﻣﺎ ﻟو ﻛﺎن
. ( ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯾر ﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺔ و ﻣﺟرد ﺧﯾﺎلwas ) ( ﺑدﻻً ﻣنwere ) ﻻﺣظ اﺳﺗﺧدام
. ( ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯾر ﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺔ و ﻣﺟرد ﺧﯾﺎلwill ) ( ﺑدﻻً ﻣنwould ) ﻻﺣظ اﺳﺗﺧدام
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If ( Conditional sentences ) ( ﻟو ) اﻟﺟﻣل اﻟﺷرطﯾﺔ/ أذا
ﺷواذ
. ( ( ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻷﻣر ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺟواب اﻟﺷرط ) واﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﯾﻛون ﻣﺣذوف١
Ex : If you meet Ahmed , tell him about the party .
: ( ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﻌﺑر ﻋن اﻟﻧﺻﯾﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺟواب اﻟﺷرط ﺑﺄﺳﺗﺧدام أﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع ﻣﺛل٢
( should , have to / has to , ought to , must )
Ex : If you are ill , you should go to the doctor .
. ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻣواﻗف ﺧﯾﺎﻟﯾﺔ أو ﺷﺊ ﻣﺳﺗﺑﻌد اﻟﺣدوث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط
would (’d ) / wouldn’t
ed / ﺷﺎذ didn’t + inf.
could / couldn’t inf. ( ) ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل
might / might not
Ex : If I were a bird , I would fly .
If I had money , I would buy a new car .
. ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻠوم أو اﻟﻌﺗﺎب أو ﻋن اﺳﺗﺑﻌﺎد ﺣدوث ﻓﻌل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم would (’d ) / wouldn’t
could / couldn’t have + p.p
had + p.p hadn’t + p.p might / might not
Ex : If I had studied hard , I would have succeeded .
If I had had money , I would have bought a car .
Either ….. or أو...... اﻣﺎEither Moza or her sister feeds the cat.
( or ) اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ
ﺟﻣل ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﺗﺣذﯾر
وﻟﻛن اﻷﻓﺿل أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻌل ﻟﺻﯾﻐﺔnone ( ﺑﻌدwant ) ( أو ﻟﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻊwants ) ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻌل ﻟﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﻣﻔرد
(wants) اﻟﻣﻔرد
Ex: Neither of my parents lives with me. ( none ) ( ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗﺣدث ﻋن اﺛﻧﯾن وﻻ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدمNeither ) ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
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Prepositions of Time
a period of time ( .... ﻣوﺳم/ ﺷﮭر/ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﻋن ﻓﺗرة زﻣﻧﯾﺔ ) ﺳﻧﺔ
in
in 2003 / in July / in the winter – summer – spring-fall (autumn) / in the morning – afternoon - evening
/ in the middle of the day / in three hours / in a few weeks
For days and dates: ﻟﻸﯾﺎم واﻟﺗوارﯾﺦ
on
on my birthday / on July 4th / on Saturday / on Tuesday afternoon / on holiday / on weekend
A point in time: (.... وﺟﺑﺎت ﯾوﻣﯾﺔ/ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﻋن ﻧﻘطﺔ زﻣﻧﯾﺔ ) ﺳﺎﻋﺎت
at
at 4 o'clock / at 10:45 / at breakfast- lunch - dinner
: أو ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات
at the moment / at the same time / at night / at noon / at the weekends
Prepositions of place
: ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﻋن أﻣﺎﻛن ﺗﺣوطﻧﺎ أو أﻣﺎﻛن ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ
in in a room / in Dubai / in Egypt / in a taxi
: ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﻋن أﺷﯾﺎء ﻓوق أﺷﯾﺎء أﺧري أو ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﻋن أﻣﺎﻛن ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ
on on the wall / on the table / on a tree / on a field / on a plain / on a farm
: ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﻋن أﻣﺎﻛن ﻧذھب اﻟﯾﮭﺎ ﻟﻧري اﻟﻧﺎس أو ﻧﻔﻌل ﺷﺊ
at at the bus stop / at the doctor's / at school / at the end of the road / at the mall / at the door / at home
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Modal Verbs أﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ
Modals of Ability أﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘدرة
Affirmative Negative Question
Present can + inf. cannot ( can't ) + inf. Can + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ inf. ?
Ex : He can swim. Ex : He can't swim. Ex: Can he swim ?
( am / is / are ) able to + inf. ( Am / is / are) not able to + inf. Am / Is / Are + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ able to + inf. ?
Ex: He's able to swim. EX: He's not able to swim. Ex: Is he able to swim ?
Past could + inf. could not (couldn't) Could + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ inf. ?
Ex : He could swim last day. Ex : He couldn't swim last day. Ex : Could he swim last day ?
( was / were ) able to + inf. ( was / were) not able to + inf. Was / Were + اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ able to + inf. ?
Ex: He was able to swim. Ex: He wasn't able to swim. Ex : Was he able to swim ?
Future will be able to + inf. won't be able to + inf. Will+ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل+ be able to + inf. ?
Ex: He'll be able to swim. Ex: He won't be able to swim. Ex: Will he be able to swim ?
Affirmative Negative
Present Must + inf. Mustn’t + inf.
You must come on time . You mustn’t smoke here.
Past had to + inf. / must have + V3 didn’t have + inf. / mustn’t have + V3
You had to come on time yesterday. You didn’t have to come on time yesterday.
I failed the exam. I must have studied. I failed the exam. I mustn’t have played.
Affirmative Negative
Present have to / has to + inf. ( don’t / doesn’t ) have to + inf.
You are fat. You have to go on a diet. -You are thin. You don’t have to go on a diet.
He is fat. He has to go on a diet. - He is thin. He doesn’t have to go on a diet.
have got to / has got to + inf. haven’t got to / hasn’t got to + inf.
You have got to go on a diet. You are thin. You haven’t got to go on a diet.
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Modals of Advice أﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ﺗﻌﺑر ﻋن اﻟﻧﺻﺢ
Affirmative Negative
Present should + inf. shouldn’t + inf.
ought to + inf. oughtn’t to + inf.
had better +inf. had better not + inf.
Ex : You’re tired. You should rest. Ex: You’re fat. You shouldn’t drink pop.
Past should have + V3 shouldn’t have + V3 / oughtn’t to have + V3
ought to have + V3 Ex: He made an accident. He shouldn’t have driven
Ex: He was tired. He should have rested. very fast.
He was tired. He ought to have rested. He made an accident. He oughtn’t to have driven
very fast.
Modals of Possibility / Probability / deduction أﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻷﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج أو اﻷﺣﺗﻣﺎل
( am / is / are / was / were ) ﻓﺄﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻌل ﯾﻛون%١٠٠ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﻧﻛون ﻣﺗﺄﻛدﯾن ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ
. ( ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻣﻧﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲcan’t have been ) ( ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻣﻧﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع وcan’t be ) ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم
Ex : Ali is in the class. He can’t be absent.
Ali was in the class. He can’t have been absent.
Affirmative Negative
Will (’ll ) won’t
I think it will rain. I think it won’t rain.
Formal / Could you give me your book , please ? / Would you give me your book , please ?
Informal Can you give me your book ?
Formal / Could I have some tea , please ? / May I have some tea , please ?
Polite Shall I have some tea , please ?
Informal Can I have some tea , please ?
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اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ -Reem told me ( that )she felt tired. . ( ھﻮ اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﯾﺔ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺬﻓﮫthat )
-Ali said to me ( that ) he had been ill. ( me ) ﻣﺨﺎطﺐ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﻢ اذا ﻛﺎن ھﻨﺎك ( said to / told )
- Reem said ( that ) she had studied. ( ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ اذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎك ﻣﺨﺎطﺐsaid )
اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ - I wondered if she had won the race. . ( ھﻤﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺑﮭﻞif / whether )
- She asked me whether I would come. .ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أداة اﻷﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻛﺮاﺑﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺑﺄداة أﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم
- He asked me where I was going. ( أﻓﻌﺎل ﻗﻮل ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮasked / wondered .. )
اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻷﻣرﯾﺔ أو - He told me to study. . ( ھﻤﺎ اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻞ اﻷﻣﺮ واﻟﻨﺼﺢto / not to + inf. )
ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻧﺻﺢ
- He advised me not to eat sweets. ( ھﻲ أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘﻮل وﻻ ﺑﺪ أن ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺨﺎطﺐ ﺑﻌﺪھﻢtold / advised …)
. ( وذﻟك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣل اﻟﺧﺑرﯾﺔ واﻷﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔtold / said / asked / wondered ) ﺗذﻛر أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم أزﻣﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻌد أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘول-
.( to / not to ) ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣل اﻷﻣرﯾﺔ وﺟﻣل اﻟﻧﺻﺢ ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺻدر ﺑﻌد-
:( says / asks / tells …. ) ﻻ ﻧﻐﯾر اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌل اﻟﻘول ﻣﺿﺎرع-
Ex: He says he lives in UAE. ( Says lives )
: ﻻ ﻧﻐﯾر ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻛﻼم ﯾدل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻘﺎﺋق ﯾوﻣﯾﺔ أو ﺣﻘﺎﺋق ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ أو ﺣﻛم
Ex: My teacher said Time is gold. / It is said that eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away.
( ﻛل زﻣن ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣوﯾﻠﮫ اﻟﻲ اﻟزﻣن اﻷﻗدم ﻣﻧﮫ ) ﻣﺿﺎرع ﯾﺗﺣول اﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ واﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﯾﺗﺣول اﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم
Direct This These today tonight now Yesterday / last Tomorrow / next …… ago
Indirect That Those That day That night then The day before / The day after / The …… before
The previous day The following day
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Prefixes اﻟﺑﺎدﺋﺎت
Suffixes اﻟﻠواﺣق
Adjectives able ( comfortable ) / ful ( careful ) / less ( careless ) / ive ( expensive ) / ese ( Chinese ) /
an (urban ) ian ( Asian ) / ant ( ignorant ) / ent ( different ) / ish ( selfish ) /
ous ( obvious ) / y ( windy ) / ly ( lovely ) / ar ( popular ) / al ( normal )
ing ( interesting ) / ed ( interested )
( ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎصed) ( ﻟﻸﺷﯿﺎء واﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ بing ) اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ب
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