Script visuals

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Art directors have a big role in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ua7R14F2kEA

the film production. 0.30-0.40

They are in charge of the

overall look of the set. When
shooting is in process they
cannot always go to their
desired location, so art
directors have to convince the
viewers that what they see on
screen is real.
Mise-en-scene is important
with art directors. First applied
to films in the 1950s by French
critics. They first got the idea https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRr7p_DxyxU
from the French theatre. 0.15-0.17
Meaning “putting in the
scene” It is thought that the
films mis-en-scene consisted
of everything that the camera 0.21-0.29
saw, the setting, the lighting,
and actors and how they
performed, costumes, make
up and props used.

To become an art director, the

usual requirements are having
a degree in film, television or
theatre production or a
diploma or degree in any type
of art, craft or textiles. It is
also useful to have secondary
education in subjects of
design, media, history, dance
or drama.
An art director needs
imagination and to be creative
to be able to create film sets,
they need to have good
communication skills working
for the rest of the team. They
need to be good at research
and to be able to work well
under pressure.

Dr. Mehemed Fehmy Pictures of Dr. Mehemed Fehmy Agha’s work

Agha was the first art editor
who was titled as an art
director. In 1929 Agha came to
the USA to take the role of
being the art director for
Vogue. Agha was notice for his
great typographic and
photographic skills which
made him perfect to lead
vanity fair and vogues design
teams at the time where
magazines where lacking
decent visual concept. Agha Non Agha’s work to compare
introduced the concept of the
publishing world in the US, the
concept was to integrate
design into the editorial
content, there for creating the
role of a key figure responsible
for this, art director.
Agha raised the bar of being
an art director as it was no
longer known as decorative
but as an integral part of
modern magazine.

Music and sound is also a huge

part of art directions. Adding
music to a scene can create a
new story for it, so using the
wrong music can change it.
The real home of film music is Pictures of Vienna
Vienna. In the 19thcentury
Vienna became the leading
centre of European opera and
narrative music Picture of max Stiener
in the 1930's Max Steiners
lead was followed by other
composers who found a new
life in Hollywood bringing a
rich orchestral style formed in
20 century Europe, to carry on
their work that became to
define the Hollywood sound.

1920s, cinema was starting Pictures of orchestra a theatre

the be the most popular form
of entertainment. Most https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2nAJ2-ln5E
picture houses would have
their own small orchestra to
accompany their films in the
silence era. Later came the
theatre pipe organ which
would only work on air acting
like a one-man orchestra

Don Juan was the first full https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xwwuy2rsgFc

length feature film with pre-
recorded, released in 1926 it
had no dialog just pre-
recorded music. It came as a
disk and was synced with the
projector, the same system
called the vitaphone was used
for a film called the jazz singer
the following year, however it
had spoken dialog as well as
music.
However, studios thought that
the audience wouldn’t accept
music on the soundtrack
unless they could actually see
the singers and musicians on
stage, this meant it narrowed
dramas to only opening and
closing music.
King Kong arrived in 1933 with https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnaCi4rBfqw
music and spoken dialog on
top of each other having the
music playing the whole way
through this was a huge risk
for RKO as it had not been
done before however RKO
thought that this would be the
only way to get a modern
audience to emphasize what
was happening on screen. For
this they went to their in
house composer Max Stiener,
who wrote the first true
modern film score.

Another big feature of being

an art director is props and
the different set designs.

In 1902 George Melies “A trip Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk

to the moon” was released.
Most of the set had been
painted and used as a back
drop as back then they didn’t
have green screens to give the
illusion that they are in space.
They had very minimal props
When they released it in
colour they had to paint each
frame by hand. Melies creates
an illusion in his films of
people disappearing, by
making the motion picture
frame by frame.

Cedric Gibbon was the head https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IErqIMLwtQ

art director for “The wizard of
oz” which was released in
1939. You can see how art
directors have improved with
their set designs as the setting
it mainly all props and not
painted back drops, they
made costumes for the
characters as the director has
to fit the same description as
the book. In this scene is also
shows the wicked witch
disappearing but instead of
stopping the camera and
moving out of the shot like in
a trip to the moon they have
used a smoke machine and a
trap door underneath for her
to escape.

In both of these different films

you can see a significant
difference with how they set
the scene, their props and
their costumes.

Cerdric Gibbons was also the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P_tyRcAGeg

director of An in American in
Paris which was released in
1951.Gene Kelly, who was the
director, wanted to shoot the
location in Paris, however the
film was actually shot in MGM
studios in California, on 44 set
build for the film. It was
difficult for the studio to
secure travel arrangements
for location shooting. This
then meant Cedric Gibbons
and E. Preston Ames had to
create and make Paris in
different sets, this would
mean researching different
places in Paris and creating
the streets to look exactly like
they were actually in Paris to
convince the viewers. This
would make it harder for the
are directors to create the set
as in 1951 they didn’t have
green screen or CGI to create
the screen.

In 1973 the first film that used https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jCDQvNh85Y

CGI was released. Westworld.
It used digital effects for 2
minutes which consist of little
pixel squares. This would
make a big impact on how art
directors work as it means
they can create out of the
ordinary objects on screen
meaning they can think out of
the box when creating a set.

As film and special effects

improved green screen Art
directors in some cases have
less to do. You can now create
a whole new world on a
screen.
Alice in wonderland won an https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=891zKx2Ffvg
Oscar for art direction.
Released in 2010.
You can see that most of the
film was done in the studios
surrounded by a green screen,
even character were dressed
in green. This meant the
directors could create a
magical background and
characters being able to
create whatever they want,
costing more money for
production however it means
they can create exactly what
they want.

Where most directors will Pictures of Christopher Nolan

mainly use green screen and
cgi director Christopher Nolan
doesn’t like to use CGI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjsUt6YW9go
thinks it’s boring. Christopher
was the director for
Interstellar. When filming 0.42-0.43 &0.46-0.48
Interstellar which was
released in 2014 Nolan went
to the same glacier where
they filmed batman begins.
However, since then there had
been a volcanic eruption
leaving the glacier covered in
grey ash making it look gritting 0.33-0.36
which gave it a look like a
hostile environment which
worked well for an ice planet 0.17-0.20
look. In one of the scenes
when filming a spaceship
landed in the water this was
filmed in Iceland at 0.20-0.25
the Jokulsarlon lagoon
in Iceland the reason for this is
that it’s very shallow
with black sand giving
the illusion that it very deep.
When filming interstellar they
had to film a dust storm so
instead of using CGI they used
big fans to fill the air with c90
a non-toxic biodegradable
material made from
cardboard.
In interstellar Noland wanted 4.03-0.49
a house that was in the heart
of America however when
filming this it was actually
filmed out of Calgary in a
Canadian Provence of Alberta,
he didn’t want to make a farm
house digitally so they found a
piece of land that fitted the
requirement they made a road
that led to the house and
planted 500 aches of corn 6
months before filming. By
doing this it means the art
director could have the exact
image that he wanted in real
life instead of creating one & 0.24-0.26
using CGI which is what they
thought they would have to
do.

In 1892 Edison’s company

official photographer and
William Dickson invented the
first motion picture camera. it
was first shown publicly in
1893 and the year after the
first Edison films were
exhibited commercially.
When it was first invented
over 100 years ago the film
was very low this meant it
need a lot of light to be able to
record an image. The only
thing that was bright enough
to expose the film was the Picture of William Dickson
natural sun light.
Electric light were then used https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
however film was still very =Bmuo45NR6qE&t=7s
slow so they had to be big, use 0.32-1.03
a lot of electricity and
expertise to operate.
After time film and video
cameras got quicker which
meant lighting technology got
better, putting out more light
with less power. Now we
also have fluorescent and LED
lights, which use a lot less
energy and are easier to use.
Lighting used to need a crew
of people to handle the
lighting whereas now it can be
done single handedly. We also
have HD video and you can
see straight away the footage Picture of evolution on video cameras
you have just
shot.

Pictures of behind the scenes sets in black and white

As you can see the progression
of being an art director has
improved massively. From the
18th century to the present
day. Due to the advance in
technology who knows what
the future for art directors
hold.

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