Professional Documents
Culture Documents
developed with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a military prison (1868), and a federal
prison from 1933 until 1963.
Alexander Maconochie - was a Scottish naval officer, geographer, and penal reformer. He is known
as the Father of Parole.
Auburn Prison - Constructed in 1816, (opened 1819) it was the second state prison in New York, the
site of the first execution by electric chair in 1890. It uses the silent or congregate system.
Banishment - a punishment originating in ancient times that required offenders to leave the community
and live elsewhere, commonly in the wilderness.
BJMP - (Bureau of Jail Management and Penology) government agency mandated by law (RA 6975) to
take operational and administrative control over all city, district and municipal jails. It takes custody of
detainees accused before a court who are temporarily confined in such jails while undergoing
investigation, waiting final judgement and those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court 3
years and below.
Senior superintendent - the rank from which the BJMP chief is appointed. This is the rank of the BJMP
Directors of the Directorates in the National Headquarters. This is also the rank of the Regional Director
for Jail Management and Penology.
Chief of the BJMP - Highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of
DILG Secretary. Rank is Director.
BJMP Deputy Chief for Administration - the 2nd highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by the
President upon recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
BJMP Deputy Chief for Operations - the 3rd highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by the President
upon recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
BJMP Chief of the Directorial Staff - the 4th highest BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon
recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendents.
Borstal System - rehabilitation method formerly used in Great Britain for delinquent boys aged 16 to
21. The idea originated (1895) with the Gladstone Committee as an attempt to reform young offenders.
The first institution was established (1902) at Borstal Prison, Kent, England.
Branding - stigmatizing is the process in which a mark, usually a symbol or ornamental pattern, is
burned into the skin of a living person, with the intention that the resulting scar makes it permanent as a
punishment or imposing masterly rights over an enslaved or otherwise oppressed person.
Bridewell Prison and Workhouse - was the first correctional institution in England and was a
precursor of the modern prison. Built initially as a royal residence in 1523, Bridewell Palace was given
to the city of London to serve as the foundation for as system of Houses of Correction
known as “Bridewells.” These institutions, eventually numbering 200 in Britain, housed vagrants,
homeless children, petty offenders, disorderly women, prisoners of war, soldiers, and colonists sent
to Virginia.
Bridewell Prison and Hospital - was established in a former royal palace in 1553 with two purposes:
the punishment of the disorderly poor and housing of homeless children in the City of London.
Bureau of Corrections - has for its principal task the rehabilitation of national prisoners, or those
sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three years.
Reception and Diagnostic Centre - (RDC) receives, studies and classifies inmates committed to Bureau
of Corrections.
Board of Discipline - hears complaints and grievances with regard to violations of prison rules and
regulations.
Iwahig Penal Farm - established in 1904 upon orders of Gov. Forbes, then the Sec. of Commerce and
police.
Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm - established Sept.27, 1954 (Proclamation No.72)
location:Occidental Mindoro
Old Bilibid Prison - First Penal Institution in the Phil. designated as insular penitentiary by Royal Decree
in 1865.
Burning at Stake - a form of ancient punishment by tying the victim in a vertical post and burning
him/her.
Cesare Beccaria - an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher and politician best known for his treaties
On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a
founding work in the field of penology and the Classical School of criminology
Charles Montesquieu - a french lawyer, who analyzed law as an expression of justice. He is famous
for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions
throughout the world.
Code of Justinian - formally Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”), Justinian I the collections of
laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I
from AD 529 to 565.
Commitment Order - is an act of sending a person to prison by means of such a warrant or order.
Correctional Administration - the study and practice of a system of managing jails and prisons and
other institutions concerned with the custody, treatment and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
Corrections - describes a variety of functions typically carried out by government agencies, and
involving the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.
Death Row - refers to incarcerated persons who have been sentenced to death and are awaiting
execution.
Deterrence - as contended by Cesare Beccaria, proponent of the classical theory, that punishment is
to prevent others from committing crime.
Director Charles S. Mondejar - the first Chief of BJMP. He took his oath of office on July 1 of 1991.
District Jail - is a cluster of small jails, each having a monthly average population of ten or less
inmates, and is located in the vicinity of the court.
Draco - was the first legislator of ancient Athens, Greece, 7th century BC. He replaced the prevailing
system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court.
Ducking Stool - a chair fastened to the end of a pole, used formerly to plunge offenders into a pond or
river as a punishment.
Elmira Reformatory - located in new York, was originally a prison opened to contain Confederate
prisoners of war during the Civil War. It became known as a “death camp” because of the squalid
conditions and high death rate in its few years of operation. Established 1876.
Elmira System - An American penal system named after Elmira Reformatory, in New York. In 1876
Zebulon R. Brockway became an innovator in the reformatory movement by establishing Elmira
Reformatory for young felons.
Ergastulum - is a Roman prison used to confine slaves. They were attached to work benches and
forced to do hard labor in period of imprisonment.
Exemplarity - the criminal is punished to serve as an example to others to deter further commission of
crime.
Expiation - (Atonement) execution of punishment visibly or publicly for the purpose of appeasing a
social group. Expiation is a group vengeance as distinguished from retribution.
First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873. Based on the reformatory model.
Insular or national prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of three years and one day to
death;
Provincial prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of six months and one day to three years;
City prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one day to three years; and
Municipal Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one day to six months.
Galley - a low, flat ship with one or more sails and up to three banks of oars, chiefly used for warfare or
piracy and often manned by slaves or criminals.
Halfway House - a center for helping former drug addicts, prisoners, psychiatric patients, or others to
adjust to life in general society.
Hammurabi's Code - an ancient code which contain both civil and criminal law. First known codified
law prior to Roman law. Better organized and comprehensive than biblical law. One of its law is lex
taliones (an eye for an eye)
Hedonism - the ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the satisfaction of desires) is the highest
good and proper aim of human life.
Hulk - an old ship stripped of fittings and permanently moored, especially for use as storage or
(formerly) as a prison.
Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for inmates under investigation or undergoing trial, or serving
short-term sentences
James V. Bennett - was a leading American penal reformer and prison administrator who served as
director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) from 1937 to 1964. He was one of the strongest
advocates in the movement in persuading Congress to close Alcatraz and replace it with
a new maximum-security prison, eventually successful in 1963 when it closed.
January 2, 1991 - the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created thru Republic Act 6975
as a line Bureau under the Department of Interior and Local Government.
Jean Jacques Villain - pioneered classification to separate women and children from hardened
criminals.
Jeremy Bentham - a prison reformer, believed that the prisoner should suffer a severe regime, but that
it should not be detrimental to the prisoner's health. He designed the Panopticon in 1791.
John Howard - a philanthropist and the first English prison reformer.
Justice - crime must be punished by the state as an act of retributive justice, vindication of absolute
right and moral law violated by the criminal.
lapidation - (Stoning) the act of pelting with stones; punishment inflicted by throwing stones at the
victim.
Lockups - Suspects usually stay in a lockup for only 24 to 48 hours. A suspect may later be transferred
from the lockup to the jail.
Mamertine Prison - was a prison (carcer) located in the Comitium in ancient Rome. It was originally
created as a cistern for a spring in the floor of the second lower level. Prisoners were lowered through
an opening into the lower dungeon.
Mark System - developed in Australia by Alexander Maconochie, whereby credits, or marks, were
awarded for good behaviour, a certain number of marks being required for release.
Mittimus - is a process issued by the court after conviction to carry out the final judgment, such as
commanding a prison warden to hold the accused, in accordance with the terms of the judgment.
Mortality rate - A measure of the frequency of deaths in a defined population during a specified interval
of time.
Mutilation or maiming - an ancient form of punishment, is an act of physical injury that degrades the
appearance or function of any living body, sometimes causing death.
Positivist Theory - criminal is a sick person and should be treated and not punished.
Newgate Prison - not a real prison but an abandoned copper mine of Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates
are confined underground (Black hole of horrors).
Operational capacity - the number of inmates that can be accommodated based on a facility's staff,
existing programs, and services.
Panopticon - a prison design, allowed a centrally placed observer to survey all the inmates, as prison
wings radiated out from this central position.
Parole - refers to criminal offenders who are conditionally released from prison to serve the remaining
portion of their sentence in the community.
Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) - was created pursuant to Presidential Decree (P.D.)
No.968, as amended, to administer the probation system. Under Executive Order No. 292, the
Probation Administration was renamed as the Parole and Probation Administration, and given the
added function of supervising prisoners who, after serving part of their sentence in jails are released on
parole or granted conditional pardon. The PPA and the Board of Pardons and Parole are the agencies
involved in the non-institutional treatment of offenders.
Penal Management - refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement
such as jails and prisons.
PD No. 603 - was promulgated to provide for the care and treatment of youth offenders from the time of
apprehension up to the termination of the case.
Pennsylvania and New York - pioneered the penitentiary movement by developing two competing
systems of confinement. The Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system.
Pennsylvania System - An early system of U.S. penology in which inmates were kept in solitary cells
so that they could study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and perform handicraft
work.(Solitary System).
Auburn System - An early system of penology, originating at Auburn Penitentiary in New York, under
which inmates worked and ate together in silence during the day and were placed in solitary cells for
the evening.(Congregate System)
Penology - a branch of Criminology that deals with prison management and reformation of criminals.
Poene (latin) – penalty; Logos (latin) - science
Pillory - a wooden framework with holes for the head and hands, in which offenders were formerly
imprisoned and exposed to public abuse.
Prison - which refers to the national prisons or penitentiaries managed and supervised by the Bureau
of Corrections, an agency under the Department of Justice.
Prison Hulks - (1776-1857) were ships which were anchored in the Thames, and at Portsmouth and
Plymouth. Those sent to them were employed in hard labour during the day and then loaded, in chains,
onto the ship at night.
Prison Reform - is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, aiming at a more effective penal
system.
Probation - Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by a court
instead of serving time in prison.
John Augustus - Father of Probation. Augustus was born in Woburn, Massachusetts in 1785. By
1829, he was a permanent resident of Boston and the owner of a successful boot-making business.
Father Cook - a chaplain of the Boston Prison visited the courts and gained acceptance as an advisor
who made enquiries into the circumstances of both adult and juvenile offenders
Provincial Jail - under the office of the Governor. Where the imposable penalty for the crime
committed is more than six months and the same was committed within the municipality, the offender
must serve his or her sentence in the provincial jail.
Quakers - (or Friends, as they refer to themselves) are members of a family of religious movements
collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends. Many Quakers have worked for reform of the
criminal justice systems of their day. Quakers believe that people can always change: their focus has
been on reforms that make positive change more likely, such as increased opportunities for education,
improved prison conditions, help with facing up to violent impulses, and much else.
William Penn - founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the
future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was the first great Quaker prison reformer.
Sing Sing Prison - was the third prison built by New York State. It is
a maximum security prison.
Twelve Tables - The Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin: Leges Duodecim
Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was the ancient legislation that stood
at the foundation of Roman law. Established basic procedural rights
for all Roman citizens as against one another