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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
DC GENERATORS
DC GENERATORS
Overview:
T, n
e, i
• In the first half revolution of the coil, the current through the
load flows from M to L.
• In the second half revolution of the coil, the current through
the coil reverses in direction i.e. from L to M.
• Thus, in a simple generator, since the current is periodically
reversing, it is producing alternating current (AC).
• The coil ends are joined to the two segments on which rest
the carbon or copper brushes.
• In the first half revolution current flows along (ABMLCD) i.e.
the brush No. 1 in contact with segment ‘a’ acts as the
positive end of the supply and ‘b’ as the negative end.
• In the next half revolution, the direction of the induced
current in the coil has reversed.
• But at the same time, the positions of segments ‘a’ and ‘b’
have also reversed with the result that brush No. 1 comes in
touch with the segment which is positive i.e. segment ‘b’ in
this case.
• Hence, current in the load resistance again flows from M to L.
• This current is unidirectional but not continuous like pure
direct current.
• Yoke
• Pole cores & pole shoes
• Field coils
• Armature core
• Armature winding
• Commutator
• Brushes & bearings
• The field magnets consist of pole cores and pole shoes. The
pole shoes serve two purposes:
– Spread out the flux in the air gap, reduce the reluctance of
the magnetic path
– Support the existing coils
• The pole core itself may be a solid piece of steel and the pole
shoe is laminated and fastened to the pole.
N1 > N2
• Connect the field windings back to the armature and run the
machine as a shunt generator.
• Emf is induced due to the mutual reinforcement.
• If the resistance line just lies along the slope, then with that
value of field resistance, the machine will just excite.
• The value of the resistance represented by the tangent to the
curve, is known as critical resistance 𝑅𝑐 for a given speed.
Lower
resistance,
higher emf
𝐵𝐶 𝑁𝐶 𝑁𝐶
= =
𝐴𝐶 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑁
𝐵𝐶
𝑁𝐶 = × 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑, 𝑁
𝐴𝐶