Data Communication and Computer Networks I – 2011 Final Answers - by HansA AmarasekarA

Data Communication and Computer Network I – 2011 Final Paper Answers

Q1.
1.1

Copper Fiber Air

Noise Thermal Noise {No Much Effect} Atmospheric Noise
Cross Talk Noise Galactic Noise
Impulse Noise
Attenuation Heat Dissipation Scattering Atmospheric Absorption
Absorption
Blending Losses
Group Delay {Negligible} Dispersion {Highly Affect}
Interference Electromagnetic Interfe. {No Effect} Interfere with another

1.2
Twisted pair
Twisted pair cable is less expensive, required for modern transmission standards. It is a thin, flexible
cable that is easy to string between walls. More data speed and less electrical interference or magnetic
field interference. Twisted pair has high data transfer.
Open Pair
Open Pair cable has electrical interference or magnetic field interference. So data lost or not reach to
distance.
Coaxial Cable
Typically has lower attenuation at low frequencies making longer runs. The noise rejection is actually far
superior to twisted pair.
Shielded Twisted pair
The shielding provides further electrical isolation of the signal-carrying pair of wires. Shielded twisted
pair wires are less susceptible to electrical interference caused by nearby equipment or wires and, in
turn, are less likely to cause interference themselves. Because it is electrically "cleaner," shielded
twisted pair wire can carry data at a faster speed than unshielded twisted pair wire can.
The disadvantage of shielded twisted pair wire is that it is physically larger and more expensive than
twisted pair wire, and it is more difficult to connect to a terminating block.

1.3
The users share the total bandwidth of the satellite transponder in frequency. The major drawback of
this is the limited bandwidth and adjacent channel interference.

1.4
1.4.1

20 20 20 200
200 200 200

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Data Communication and Computer Networks I – 2011 Final Answers - by HansA AmarasekarA

1.4.2 Minimum Bandwidth = (200*4) + (20*3) = 860kHz

1.5 t/4
1.5.1 t/4 A
A t/4 B
t/4 D C B A
B C
C D t
D

1.5.2 Frame Size = 8 * 4 = 32 bits

1.5.3 No of Frames = 100 * 4 / 32 = 12.5 fps
Duration of the frame = 1/12.5 = 0.08 seconds
1.5.4 Frame Rate = 1 / frame duration = 1 / 0.08 = 12.5 fps
1.5.5 Bit Rate of the output link = frame rate * frame size = 12.5 * 32 = 400 bits
1.6

SDH PDH
1. Optical interfaces 1. Asynchronous structure that is rigid.
2. Capability of powerful management 2. Restricted management capacity.
3. World standard digital format 3. Non availability of world standard on the
4. Synchronous structure is flexible digital formats.
5. Cost effective and easy traffic cross 4. No optical interfaces world standard and
connection capacity and add and drop without an optical level, networking is not
facility possible.
6. Reduced networking cost due to the
transversal compatibility
7. Forward and backward compatibility

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Data Communication and Computer Networks I – 2011 Final Answers - by HansA AmarasekarA

Q2.

2.1 _
2.2

2.3 _

2.4, 2.5, 2.6

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Data Communication and Computer Networks I – 2011 Final Answers - by HansA AmarasekarA

Q3.
3.1
3.1.1 Sampling Rate =2 * Max Bandwidth = 2 * 15 * 103 = 30000 samples per seconds
3.1.2 1000 approximately 1024. 210. 10 bits
3.1.3 Output Bitrate = 30000 * 10 = 3*105 bits/s
3.1.4 _

3.2 Mechanical Characteristics

Shape of the connectors
No of Pins
Diameter of Pins
Distance between Pins
Electrical Characteristic
Voltage levels use
Functional Characteristic
Defines function of each pin
Procedural Characteristic
Follow a procedure, specific sets of steps

3.3 Information Frames (I-Frame)

Carry Information
Supervisor Frames (S-Frame)
for error and flow control
Unnumbered frames (U- Frame)
(for more info, see page 82, DCCN I book)

3.4 Normal Response Mode (NRM) – see page 82 in DCCN I book

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Data Communication and Computer Networks I – 2011 Final Answers - by HansA AmarasekarA

Q4.

4.1 Establishment of the link

Data Transfer
Termination of the link

4.2
4.2.1
F1

ACK1
F2

NAK1

F2
ACK2

F3

ACK3

4.2.2
4.2.3

4.3 CSMA/CD
Token
(more info – page 98 , DCCN I book)

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Data Communication and Computer Networks I – 2011 Final Answers - by HansA AmarasekarA

Q5.
5.1

Device Main Task OSI Layer Collision Domains Broadcast

Domains
Repeater (2 ports) Regenerate Signals Physical Layer
L2 Switch (16 Send Data to Data Link Layer
ports) relevant port
Router (4 ports) Connect networks Network Layer

5.2
5.2.1

5.2.2
For Windows 7,
Go To Network and Sharing Center
Select Change adapter settings
Select Local Area Connection, then go to its Properties
Select Internet Protocol Version 4, click Properties button,
Select Use the following IP address, type desired IP address
To finish, click OK, then again Ok.

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 Data Communication and Computer Networks I – 2011 Final Answers - by HansA AmarasekarA

5.3

5.3.1
Dial Up Connection

 Dial-up networking uses a modem as the interface between a single PC and a network such as the
Internet; the modems are typically capable of speeds up to 56 kbps.

 Dialing up with a modem is still the cheapest and most widely available way to connect to the
Internet, but because it offers comparatively slow connection speeds, graphics-intensive Web sites
can take a long time to load.

 The maximum speed at which you can download data using dial-up networking is limited by the
telephone system's analog bandwidth, the line quality, and the Internet traffic load.

 Dial-up networking usually communicates with the ISP using the Point to Point Protocol standard

5.3.2
Leased Connection
A leased line is a dedicated, fixed-bandwidth, symmetric data connection.

 connect to the Internet

 link PCs and servers in different corporate offices
 carry phone calls

Advantages of a Dedicated Connection (compared to ADSL)

 Faster download speeds are usually available

 Faster upload speeds
 Connections that don’t slow down at peak times
 Greater reliability
 Better support

Disadvantages of a Dedicated Connection (compared to ADSL)

 Cost – Leased line costs have fallen, but leased lines are still a LOT more expensive than ADSL
connections.
 Longer Wait – Leased lines may take about three months to install rather than two weeks.
 Physical Installation – Installing leased lines is also more complex than installing ADSL, as ADSL
can be provided over a pre-existing circuit (your phone line). A leased line will require a new
circuit, and is likely to require some construction work to connect your building to the leased
line provider’s network

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