TEMPERATURE VS LENGTH PROFILE DETERMINATION FOR HEATING OF A

GALVANIZED IRON ROD ON STEADY STATE

DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE VS POSITION PROFILE FOR HEATING ON
STEADY STATE OF A GALVANIZED IRON ROD (CREO QUE ES ASÍ)

J. RESTREPO, A. CASTILLO, J. RINCÓN

Department of Chemical Engineering, Antioquia University, Medellin, Colombia

May 30th, 2013

ABSTRACT

Materials conduct heat in different forms, if are subjected to the influence of a heat source, absorb
some heat transmitted. Also depends on the material they are made, do not absorb the heat of the
same shape and intensity and thus have a thermal conductivity specific that measures the heat
conduction capacity. The heat absorbed by the body travels inwardly from the face exposed to the
heat source, to the opposite face. That is, from a zone of higher temperature to one of lower
temperature. This phenomenon is known as thermal conductivity; show that not all the heat
absorbed by the exposed face reaches the opposite. this reflected that the temperature of a point
of a solid material at a given instant, when it is transmitting heat by conduction depends on the
coordinates of the point considered, that is to say for each particular point, the temperature is
generally a function of time. In this work the temperature vs. position profile in steady state is
obtained for experimental data and theoretical model, making the test for a galvanized iron rod.
The results were very similar for both.

Keywords: Heat transfer, conductivity, steady state, temperature.

1. Introduction technical, economic, and other aspects. The

A useful tool in engineering is to obtain
different profiles (temperature vs. time,
temperature vs. position, concentration vs.
time, etc.) with it is possible to design and
optimization of different processes. In
chemical engineering have significant
importance that have profiles related to the
transport of the different quantities (mass,
momentum, energy) for analysis of
definition of energy transport is given by the
Fourier's law of heat conduction which takes
into account the cross sectional area and the
temperature gradient in the direction in
which it occurs.
Heat transfer (or heat) is thermal energy in
transit due to a temperature difference. i
There are three mechanisms to transfer
heat: conduction, convection and radiation.
It is possible to quantify heat transfer
processes in terms of appropriate rate
equations. These equations may be used to
compute the amount of energy being
transferred per time unit. For heat
conduction, the rate equation is known as
Fourier’s law.ii This expression gives the rate
of heat transfer as proportional to the
conductivity, k, the total area, A, and the
temperature gradient.iii
Heat transfer phenomena play an important
role in many industrial and environmental
problems.iv
tweezers into the heating plate (once it
reaches a relatively constant temperature).
Temperature measurements are made at
different points marked on the rod.
Steady state is ensured measuring
temperature every 10 minutes and don´t
observe significant changes in
measurements. Also, is necessary to ensure
that the temperature of the rod at the top
remains constant.
Finally, is measured the distance of each of
the marked points on the rod.

The main objective of this paper is to obtain

and analyze the temperature vs. position
profile by different methods (experimental
data and theoretical model) for a heating in
steady state of a galvanized iron rod.

2. Materials and methods

Experimental setup used has been carried

out with the following elements:

 Materials: 1-m Galvanized iron rod.

 Thermocouple: for measuring
Temperature has used a Figure 1. System assembly
thermocouple type J UNI-T.
 Heating plate Fisher Scientific.
 Universal support
Temperature change was measured every
 Tweezers
 Measuring tape 0.25m and the results can be seen in Table 1.

Variables and parameters Table 1. Experimental results T vs x

 Position. x (m) T (ºC)

 Temperature. 0 123
0.25 80
The experimental method consisted in 0.5 58
tweezers are assembled with the support 0.75 35
and subsequently fixed the rod with the 1 23
From data obtained from Table 1. It is ^ p (T −T ref )¿t +δt δm C
Accumulation δm C ^ p(T −T ref )¿ t
possible to get the experimental profile = −
δVδt δVδt δVδt
temperature versus position. The profile (3)
obtained is presented in Figure2.
^ p(T −T ref )¿t +δt ρ C
Accumulation ρ C ^ p (T −T ref )¿t
= −
δVδt δt δt
T vs x (4)
150
ρC^ pT
100 ^ p T ¿t )
(¿ ¿ ¿ t+δt− ρ C
T (ºC)

Experimental (5)
50 δt →0
Accumulation
0 =¿
δVδt
0 0.5 1 1.5
x (m) ^ pT )
Accumulation ∂( ρ C
= (6)
δVδt ∂t
Figure 2. Experimental profile T vs x. If ρ and ^ p are constants:
C

Accumulation ^ p ∂T
=ρ C (7)
Model Building δVδt ∂t
2 2
Considerations Inputs−Outputs q y¿ y ( π r )δt q y¿ y +δy ( π r ) δt
= 2
− 2
δVδt (π r )δyδt (π r )δyδt
 What is transported? Energy
(8)
 What is the direction of transport?
Axial q
 Convective fluxes are? Molecular? ¿
Molecular −(¿ y ¿ ¿ ¿ y+ δy−q y¿ y )
 Is there generation and / or δy→ 0 (9)
consumption? Not ¿
 Does the state steady or dynamic? Inputs−Outputs
=¿
Steady state.
δVδt

Inputs−Outputs −∂ q y
= (10)
δVδt ∂y
From the first law of Thermodynamics:
If heat transfer by convection is negligible
Accumulation Inputs Outputs Generation (transfer
Consumption
area is very small)
= − + −
δVδt δVδt δVδt δVδt δVδt
(1) Generation−Consumption
=0 (11)
δVδt
Accumulation energy¿ t+ δt energy ¿t
= − By the Fourier’s law
δVδt δVδt δVδt
(2) q y =−k ∇ T (12)
(7), (10), (11) and (12) in (1)
T vs x
^ p ∂ T = −∂ −k ∂T
ρC
∂t ∂ y ∂y ( ) (13) 150
Experiment
al data
100
For steady state: Model

T (ºC)
50
∂T
0=
∂
k
∂y ∂y ( ) (14) 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
2 x (m)
d T
0=k 2 (15)
dy
Figure 4. Temperature vs. Position profile for
(15) is a Second Order Ordinary Differential
model and experimental data.
Equation. Boundary conditions are:
Results and discussion
T(0 m) = 123 ºC (16)
Comparing the temperature profile vs.
T(1 m) = 23 ºC (17)
position for the experimental data with the
The solution for the EDO with the boundary profile obtained by the model is possible to
conditions is: conclude that the constructed mathematical
model predicts very well the experimental
T(y) = -100y + 123 (m, ºC) (18) data, both profiles show the same trend.
In addition, the model results for the profiles Also, it shows the temperature dependence
T vs. x is presented in fig 3. with the position and time: the temperature
decreases with increasing position.
T vs y Is very important to consider that in this case
150 it is assumed that the material properties are
constant with temperature, the rod is very
100
long (of mathematically infinite length) and
T (ºC)

Modelo
50 that the heat is propagated only along the
rod in the axial direction (in each cross
0
section the temperature is uniform).
0 0.20.40.60.8 1 1.2
y (m)

Conclusions
Figure 3. Model profile T vs x.
 It was found that the differential
equation and boundary conditions
 experimental data.
 In the practice is observed the
variation of temperature with

distance that existed to the heat
source. Also the diameter and length
of rod have influence in the different
temperatures obtained.
References
i,ii,iv
Incropera, F. DeWitt, D. Fundamentals of
Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. 5th edition.
iii
Borgnakke, C. Sonntag, R. Fundamentals of
Thermodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7th
edition.
iIncropera, F. DeWitt, D. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5 th edition.
iiIncropera, F. DeWitt, D. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5 th edition.
iiiBorgnakke, C. Sonntag, R. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7 th edition.
ivIncropera, F. DeWitt, D. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5 th edition.