2009 DEO Seminar

DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
PAJ
Petroleum Association of Japan
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
To Improve Quality of Diesel Engine Oil for:

>Environmental protection and global warming reduction
>less fuel expenses, maintenance cost, disposal oil
To Share Information of Japanese Activities

Timely on:
>Diesel Engine Oil Specifications,
>Engine Technologies,
>Bio-diesel Impact, etc.
DH-1
JASO M355
JAMA & PAJ Engine Oil Sub Committee
JAMA PAJ
Oil Sub Committee
- Oil Suppliers Observers

Cosmo Oil Afton Chemical
ExxonMobil Chevron Japan
Idemitsu Kosan Infineum Japan
Japan Energy JALOS
Nippon Oil Lubrizol Japan
Showa Shell
Diesel Oil Working Group

DH-1
JASO M355
Today’s Speakers are in blue.
Industry Name Company

OEMs
Oil Suppliers
Additive Suppliers
Other
DH-1
JASO M355
Many trucks and buses are exported to Thailand,

Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam.
Vietnam
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Source: JAMA Data Base

DH-1
JASO M355
API CD and lower grade oils still make up

a large part of the market today.
< API CD Others

10% 5%
API CD
35%
Source : SAE F&L Steering Committee for Asia 2006

DH-1
JASO M355
API CF-4, JASO DH-1 grade and higher grade oils make up
100% of the market.
JASO DH-1,
25%

DH-1
JASO M355
API CD grade and lower grade oils still make up

a large part of the market today.
CB, 17%
CD, 30%
CC, 50%

DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
Number of DH-1
Brand
Results as of Dec. 2007

Philippines
X

Malaysia
X
X
X

Hong Kong

Vietnam
X

India
X

Indonesia
X
X
X
X

Taiwan
Thailand
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

China
X
X
X
X
X
X

NewZealand
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

Australia
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

On-
file
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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Results as of Dec. 2007
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DH-1 JASO DH-1 Products
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JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
Good
High Fuel Economy
Reliability
High
Durability
High
Performance
DH-1
JASO M355
8 EU Hot EGR
7
Euro II
US Cooled EGR
6
5 Japan Euro III
4 Euro IV
3 JASO DH-1 Euro V
NOX (g/䌫Wh)
2
1
0
JASO DH-2/DL-1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0.8
0.7
Japan
0.6
0.5
0.4
After Treatment
0.3 EU JASO DH-1
0.2
PM (g/䌫Wh)
JASO DH-2/DL-1
0.1 US
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fuel Sulfur content
Japan
EU
US
DH-1
JASO M355
Revised Dec. 2008
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Europe Euro㸊 Euro V Euro㸌
USA EPA04 EPA07 EPA10
JP09 (post NLT) (GVW>12t)
Japan JP05 (New Long Term)
(3.5<GVW<=12t)
Indonesia Euro 㸈 (Euro㸊 )
Asia
Thailand Euro 㸈 Euro 㸉 (Euro㸊 )
Vietnam Euro 㸈 (Euro III)
Cooled After Compatibility with JASO engine oil

Color Fuel S Level
EGR Treatment 㪛㪟㪄㪈㪛㪟㪄㪉
> 500 ppm No No 䂾㩿㪪㪿㫆㫉㫋㪼㫉㩷㪛㫉㪸㫀㫅㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫍㪸㫃㪀㬍
< 500 ppm No No 䂾㬍
< 500 ppm Yes/No No 䂾㬍
< 500 ppm Yes* No 䂾㬍
< 50 ppm Yes* Yes* 㬍䂾
< 15 ppm Yes* Yes* 㬍䂾
`
a
`
\
e
]
_
c
d
b
DH-1
JASO M355
Incomplete combustion complete combustion
PM: Increase NOx: Decrease PM: Decrease NOx: Increase
Less O2 & Lower Higher Combustion

Combustion Temperatures Temperatures
DH-1
JASO M355
Incomplete
combustion PM
㪇㪅㪉
NOx
EUROII
High pressure fuel injection

EUROIII
Injection timing retardation
㪇㪅㪈
VG Turbo, Cooled EGR etc.
㪧㪤㩷㩷㪾㪆㫂㪮㪿
CR-DPF?
Limit without complete
EUROV EUROIV DPF? after-treatment combustion
SCR+? SCR NOx

㪇
㪇㪈㪉㪊㪋㪌㪍㪎 PM
㪏
㪥㪦㫏㩷㩷㪾㪆㫂㪮㪿
DH-1
JASO M355
Incomplete
combustion FC After-treatment systems
for NOx Reduction
NOx
Limit without complete
Fuel Consumption
EUROV EUROIV after-treatment combustion
NOx
Good SCR or NSR
㪇㪈㪉㪊㪋㪌㪍㪎 FC
㪏
NOx g/kWh
DH-1
JASO M355
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
Power(kW)
150 00-01year Model
100 06-08year Model
50
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Displacement(cc)
䋪
DH-1 䋪
JASO M355
f
g
h
k
n
j
j
j
i
l
m
o
p
q

Source : JAMA Material
DH-1
JASO M355
200 New Common Rail System

U.I.System & U.P.System
150 Common Rail

System
In-Line
100
Pump
50
Injection Pressure (MPa)

0
'80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '10
Year
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
Common rail
Conventional inline pump
Injection pressure
DH-1
JASO M355
Injection rate
Pilot Main After

DH-1
JASO M355
Piezo
Piezo Actuator
Actuator
Displacement
Displacement
Expansion
Expansion Unit
Unit
Control
Control Valve
Valve
Injector
Injector Body
Body
Merit
Quick response
Accurate control of injection
Nozzle
Nozzle quantity and timing
DH-1
JASO M355
ECU
EGR
cooler
Portion of
exhaust gas
DH-1
JASO M355
PM Filter䋨DPF)
r
o NO2 NO2 o
r
r
o Ceramic Filter
r
o
Source : NGK
r
r
o
DH-1
JASO M355
Urea
s
r
H2N-CO-NH2 + H2O o
s
r
r
r
NO o
s
r
r
NO2 o
SCR Catalyst
Pre Catalyst Urea Injection

Post Catalyst
t
v
u
y
z
z
w
x
t
v
u
y
z
z
t
v
u
y
z
z
w
Source : Mitsubishi FUSO HP
䋪
DH-1
JASO M355 䋪䋺
Higher Capacity Large Quantity EGR

EGR cooler & Accurate Control Higher Injection Pressure
(up to 200MPa)
Higher Capacity
Radiator
Smaller DPF
Higher Capacity Higher PM Trap Efficiency
Intercooler
Air
Electric-controlled Turbo Exhaust Gas

Accurate Control
䌐
Smaller SCR
Accurate control of Higher NOx Conversion Efficiency
Urea Injection Quantity
Urea Tank
Source : JAMA Material

DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
100
75
50
25
0
DH-1
JASO M355
- To protect engine, supplying oil by pumping oil from oil pan
- Filtering and cooling oil before supplying oil to main oil gallery
Intake / exhaust Rocker shaft

Valve system
Cam shaft
Rocker case
Main oil gallery

~

~
Main Oil cooler

bearing

~

{

Full flow

}
}
|

~

Connecting
}
}
filter

Piston rod bearing

~

{

}

}

}

|
}
~

}
|
~

Connecting

~

}

rod bush
Oil
pump
Oil pan Strainer

DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
More Clearance by abrasive wear
Higher Tapping Noise

Possibility of Engine Damage

¥

¤
£
¡

DH-1
JASO M355
䊶
DH-1
JASO M355
Sludge
Sludge
DH-1
JASO M355
9 Oils with adequate detergency & dispersancy provide better fuel

economy than low quality oils.
9 The effect on fuel economy is dependant on operating conditions
such as load, speed, traffic road, engine revolution etc.
Fuel Economy Rate

Soot Increasing
1.0
0.94 6%
Soot
Viscosity Increasing
Low Quality Oil
Relative Fuel
Consumption
Viscosity
Low Quality Oil Adequate Detergency
Dispersancy Oil
Mileage
DH-1
JASO M355
Oil Consumption,
Sludge & Deposit Sticking Rings, Possibility of
Scuffing Engine Damage
( Piston, Piston Ring )

DH-1
JASO M355
Acid
TBN TBN TBN

TBN
Prevent from corrosion
Metal
DH-1
JASO M355
Possibility of
Off Lead (Pb) Scuffing Engine Damage
( Bush Metal, Connecting Rod )

DH-1
JASO M355
Possibility of
Scuffing Engine Damage
Deeply Corroded Bearing
DH-1
JASO M355
High viscosity
䋨like as Honey䋩
Low viscosity
䋨like as Water䋩
DH-1
JASO M355
9 Multi-grade oils provide better fuel economy than mono-grade oils.

9 The effects vary according to operating conditions such as load,
speed, traffic road, engine revolution etc.
0.9
§
0.8
v
²
¯
°
y
±
¹
¹
¹
½
¹
¹
½
½
À
¹
§
³
´
µ
¶
¸
§
¿
³
v
v
º
z
¯
»
y
y
»
¾
¯
y
y
¯
z
u
w
w
¼
0.7
Relative Fuel
Consumption
0.6
#30 10W30 15W40
Annual Effect (US$) : Base 3200 1900
¨
©
«
©
®
®
¦
§
¬

ª
DH-1
JASO M355
9 Multi-grade oils provide better fuel economy than mono-grade oils.

9 The effects vary according to operating conditions such as load,
speed, traffic road, engine revolution etc.
120
8.3%
100
Annual Effect : US$ 5431
80
60
40
DH-1 10W30 CD 30
Fuel Consumption L
20
0
0 100 200 300 400
Mileage km
DH-1
JASO M355
We recommend suitable Performance &

Viscosity for engine oil.
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
The diesel engine oil specifications have the history of 60 years or more.
Region Application 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

All Diesel API CB API CC API API API API API API
USA Except API CA
API CD CE CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4 CJ-4
2 Cycle
Heavy-Duty CCMC D ACEA E
Europe ACEA
Light-Duty CCMC SHPD ACEA B
A/B and C
JASO DH-1
Heavy-Duty JASO
Japan DH-2
JASO
Light-Duty
DL-1
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO Application Fuel Sulfur Emission Regulations
DH-1
DH-2
DL-1
DH-1
JASO M355
Test Items Test Method Performance Criteria

Piston Deposit Control Nissan Diesel TD25 㻟
Mitsubishi Fuso 4D34T4 㻟㱘

Engine Valve Train Wear
㻟㱘
Test Mack T-8A
Soot Control 㻟
Sequence. IIIF/IIIG
Oxidation Stability
㪘㪪㪫㪤㪛㪌㪌㪊㪊㪆㪛
Hot Tube Test
Hot Surface Deposit Control 㻠
Foaming Tendency
Anti-foaming
NOACK
Volatility 㻟
Laboratory
Test Cummins HTCBT
Corrosiveness
HTHS
Shear Stability *
Seal Compatibility 㪔㩷㪘㪚㪜㪘㩷㩷㪜

Chemical Base Number 㻠
Limit
Â
Ç
È
É
É
Ç
É
Ð
È
Â
Á
Ô
Í
Í
Ä
Ä
Ä
Ä
Ä
Ä
Ã
Æ
Ë
Ì
Î
Ã
Ï
Ã
Î
Ò
Æ
Î
Î
Ó
Ï
Ã
Ã
Ó
Ã
Ë
Ì
Î
Ï
Å
Å
Å
Ê
Ê
DH-1
JASO M355
Nissan Diesel TD25

DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1 oil has much better Detergency Performance than CG-4 for Japanese
OEM Engine.
100
90
80
Pass Criteria
70
( 60.0% max. )
60
max.
50
40 mean
30
20
10 min.
0
Top Groove Fill (vol%)

Good Border Line USA DH-1
REO REO
(n=9) (n=39) Commercial On filed
Oil (CG-4) Oil
REO : Reference Engine Oil (n=2) (n=68)
DH-1
JASO M355
Mitsubishi Fuso 4D34T4
P
P
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1 oil has much better Valve Train Wear Performance than CG-4
for Japanese OEM Engine.
㪊㪇㪇
max.
㪉㪌㪇
mean
㪉㪇㪇
min.
㪈㪌㪇
Pass Criteria
㪈㪇㪇
( 95.0Pm max.)
㪌㪇
Normalized Average
Cam Nose Wear (Pm)
Good Border Line Poor USA DH-1
REO REO REO Commercial On filed
(n=7) (n=36) (n=4) Oil (CG-4) Oil
(n=2) (n=68)
DH-1
JASO M355
Mack T-8A
CD class
JASO DH-1
DH-1
JASO M355
Pass JASO
API CD
Criteria DH-1
KV100 Increase
0.2 max. 0.05 0.40
mm2/s/hr
50
JASO DH-1, 10W-30 API CD, 15W-40
40
30
20
10
Viscosity @100C mm2/s

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Test Duration hr
DH-1
JASO M355
Hot Tube Test

q
JASO DH-1 CD class

DH-1
JASO M355
The pass criteria based on test results of popular oils in the markets,
Japan and USA etc..
max.
Pass Criteria :
7.0 min.
mean
(280 C)

min.
Hot Tube Test Rating

API CD ( n=7 ) JASO DH-1 ( n=12 )
DH-1
JASO M355
Base Number
JASO DH-1 oils are advantageous to API oils in view of anti-corrosion

performance. (Corrosive wear on cylinder liners, bearings, etc.)
DH-1
CI-4
CH-4
Pass Criteria for DH-1
CG-4 10.0 min.
4 6 8 10 12 14
Base Number(ASTM D4739)

,mgKOH/g
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO Application Fuel Sulfur Emission Regulations
DH-1
DH-2
DL-1
DH-1
JASO M355
After-treatment devices require low SAPS
Truck & Bus Passenger Diesel Vehicle
Need to avoid excessively

lowered Sulfated-Ash in keeping Need fuel economy
appropriate TBN level
Secure Oil Drain Interval for Higher oxidation stability
Heavy
OilDuty Interval
DrainTruck/Bus
Anti-Corrosion Performance
DH-2 DL-1
Sulfated-Ash: 1.0㫧0.1 % Sulfated-Ash: 0.6 % max
TBN: 5.5 min Fuel Economy : ACEA B1
Oxidation Stability : GF-3
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO
DH-1 DH-2 DL-1
2 2 2
2 2 2
Engine
2 2 2
Tests
2 2 2
2
Ø
Ù
Û
Ù
Õ
Õ
Ö
Ö
×
×
Ú
2 2 2
2 2 2
Bench
2 2 2
Tests
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
Chemical
Limits
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DPF Cells
Wall Through Type
Source: NGK
DH-1
S-Ash = 1.70%
kPa

S-Ash = 1.31%
DPF Cross Section
Pressure Gap Increase

S-Ash = 0.96%

⹜㛎ᤨ㑆JT
Running Time hr
DPF Pressure Gap : DPF Pressure Gap between Inlet and Outlet by Exhaust Gas
Source : JCAP Official Report PEC-2003JC-01
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
DH-2
DL-1
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
JAMA
JAMA
LEMA
LEMA (define
(define needs)
needs)
JBIA
JBIA
OEMs
(parts supply)
JASO
JASO Engine
Engine Oil
Oil Standards
Standards
Oil / Additive
Implementation
Implementation Panel
Panel Suppliers
(run testing)
JSAE
JSAE PAJ
PAJ JALOS
JALOS
(develop
(develop tests
tests (system
(system support)
support) (Secretariat
(Secretariat of
of
and
and On-File
On-File System
System
classification)
classification) JAST JPI and
and REO
REO supply)
supply)
LEMA : Land Engine Manufacturers Association PAJ : Petroleum Association of Japan
JBIA : Japan Boating Industry Association JPI : Japanese Petroleum Institute
JAMA : Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association JAST : Japanese Society of Tribologists
DH-1
JASO M355
Application
Phys/Chem Properties
Engine/Bench Test Data
JASO Engine Oil
“Submitters” Product Information
Standards
(Oil Marketer) Submitter’s Information
Implementation
(OEM) Written Consent
Panel
(Additive Co.)
On-File Notice
(If no problem)
Self-Certification Market Monitoring

On-File
023 ABC 456
DH-1 Product List on

Oil Code on the
End Users the Web
Product Label Check
DH-1
JASO M355
Items 2T 4T Diesel
- Company Name - Contact Person - Contact Address
Administrative
- Product Name - Viscosity Grade - Performance Grade
Information
- Oil Code - Letter of Consent
Engine Test - Lubricity - Detergency - TD25 - Mack T-8A/E or 11
Results - Smoke - Blocking - 4D34T4 - Seq. IIIF or G
- Corrosion Test
Rig Test Results - Wet Clutch Friction
- Hot Tube Test
- Phys. Properties - Phys. Properties - Phys. Properties
Phys./Chem.
- Elemental Analysis - Elemental Analysis - Elemental Analysis
Properties
- IR Chart - IR Chart - IR Chart
Initial Filing Fee JPY 40,000 JPY 40,000 JPY 40,000
Maintenance Fee NA NA JPY 30 x Sales Vol. (KL)
Market
Yes Yes Yes
Monitoring
DH-1
JASO M355
Country Number Seller Code
Category Code Control Number
Oil Code Number

Performance
Classification
ABC Oil Corporation

DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel
Viscosity
Brand Name Submitter Name Oil Code Classification
Grade
End-users can check if the products labeled with JASO symbol mark
are listed in the Engine Oil Lists published on the JEOSIP’s Website
DH-1
JASO M355
JASO DH-2 / DL-1 oils for DPF compatibility going up since 2005 in Japan
250
NLT Regulation in Japan,
Engine equipped DPF 7
DL1-05
200
DH2-05 2
92
DH1-05 1
69
150
DH1-00 53
8 10
100 3
50 99 105 112 112

80 93
58
0 10
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
ACEA & API are three times as expensive to run tests.
ACEA API JASO
ß
á
Ü
Þ
E7 E9 CI-4 plus CJ-4 DH-1&2
#
#
# #
# #
# # # #
#
# # # #
# # #
#
# #
# #
#
#
# #
# #
# # #
Total USD($) 474,000

ã
470,000 517,000 608,000 168,000

ä
ã
ã
å
ä
æ
ç
ä
æ
è
ã
é
ç
ç
â
DH-1
JASO M355
Initial Registration Fee

Initial Registration Fee Annual
AnnualMaintenance Fee
Maintenance Fee
õ
ð
ð
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Production Volume, KL
DH-1
JASO M355
The on-file status is renewed annually.

"On-file Continuation Fee":
must be paid depending on the amount of
volume sold by each application submitter
(not by each product).
is to be used for market monitoring, etc.
DH-1
JASO M355
“Market Monitoring Panel” conducts

market survey on:
Physical & chemical property
measurements
Bench & engine tests
Oils not meeting DH-1 requirements /

registered data is to be requested for
improvement.
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
Mitsubishi Fuso Heavy Duty Truck for Thailand

DH-1
JASO M355
Nissan diesel
for Heavy Duty Truck
DH-1
JASO M355
Hino Motors for Heavy Duty Truck

JASO DH-1 or DH-2 depending on the Emissions Regulations & the Fuel
Sulfur Content are recommended.
API CD & CE Grades are deleted from the Owner’s Manual in the future.
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
Germany B7 Rape seed B6.25 mandate in 2009, Severe oxidation stability

France B7 Rape seed B6.25 mandate in 2009, Severe oxidation stability
Other Europe B5 Rape seed
U.S.A B5 Soy B2 mandate, Minesota plus other 3 states
Investigating Palm B1 to B5 are sold at the limited service station
B5 Palm B2 mandate, B5 is sold on the market
B5 Palm, Catfish 50K tons of B5 sales is planned in 2010
Japan B5 Any, Cooking oil No actual sales
Malaysia B5 Palm
India B5 Jatropha
Australia B5 Tallow
New Zealand B5 Tallow
DH-1
JASO M355
Japanese OEMs
Japanese OEMs allow up
to B5 Regulation of FAME Blended Fuel in Japan
As far as it meets the Items Level
Japanese B5 regulation
㷄

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JASO M355

DH-1

DH-1
JASO M355
Surface Tension
30
4
6
7
4
4
6
25
5
20 Diesel – Normal droplet size
15
9
<
9
9
<
8
=
?
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:
:
;
A
:
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:
Specific Gravity
C
E
H
I
C
E
F
G
D
0.8
K
N
K
K
N
J
O
Q
R
L
M
L
S
L
L
M
Viscosity, cSt @ 100㫦C Larger fuel spray
X
Y
3
V
droplet size
2
U
W
V
Biodiesel – Increased droplet size
1
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b
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JASO M355
DH-1

DH-1
JASO M355
100
DH-1 80
Pass Criteira
JASO M355
60
TGF,%
40
20
0
No BDF 15% RME
0
-1
-2
-3
Decrease
Test Oil; JASO DH-2, 10W30 -4
Base Number
-5
No BDF = Test Oil
80
15% RME = 15% neat RME was
blended in the Test Oil 60 Pb
Cu
40
ppm
20
Metal Content
0
No BDF 15% RME
DH-1
JASO M355
2000
1500 JASO DH-1

API CD
1000
Pb, ppm
500
0
1.5% RME 7.5% RME
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DH-1
JASO M355
Engine Builders and Fuel System Suppliers currently restrict the use of
biodiesel during warranty periods
Japanese OEMs allow up to B5
Biodiesel properties make it more likely to enter and stay in the
crankcase as fuel dilution
Oxidation of biodiesel in the crankcase oil leads to higher levels of
deposits and lead corrosion
Use of biodiesel can lead to lubrication issues

High and persistent fuel dilution

Oil oxidation and bearing corrosion

Piston deposits
JASO DH-1 oil gave better oxidation stability and corrosion protection
than API CD oil on the study of Japan Auto Oil Program
JASO specification requires Oxidation Stability (SEQ.IIIF/IIIG)
JASO specification requires 10 minimum of Base Number
JASO specification requires Corrosion Protection (HTCBT)
It s important to keep adequate Oil Drain Interval even JASO DH-1 oil
Further studies are needed to determine safe and appropriate biodiesel
use levels
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
Japanese OEM
Requirements for ATF
Yasushi Ando
ATF WG Leader in JAMA
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
DH-1 Japanese OEM Requirements for ATF
JASO M355
1) Background
DH-1 Background
JASO M355
AT A
T
Lexus 8 speed AT ,One of the newest ATs

DH-1 Background
JASO M355
JAMA J A
M A
JASO M355
2) ATF for Japanese Cars

DH-1 ATF for Japanese Cars
JASO M355
Many Car Manufactures in Japan

TOYOTA, NISSAN, HONDA,
MAZDA, MITSUBISHI, SUZUKI,
DAIHATSU, SUBARU, , ,
HINO, ISUZU, MITSUBISHI FUSO,
NISSAN DIEDEL
All of these are the member companies of
JAMA.
Japan Automobile Manufacturers
Association Inc.
JASO M355
Each car maker has its own genuine parts

ATF and the in-house ATF specifications.
TOYOTA = D㸈, 䌔㸊, WS
NISSAN = Matic-D, Matic-J, Matic-S
HONDA = ATF-Z1
MAZDA = M5
MITSUBISHI = ATF-2, ATF-SP㸉
DAIHATSU = D3-SP
SUBARU = F6
Blue letter
JASO M355
What is ATF?
Why so many genuine parts ATFs?

JASO M355
Do you have to prepare and stock

so many kinds of ATFs
for Japanese cars?
Yes!
It is best for Japanese car

to use the genuine parts ATF
to make full use of its performance.
JASO M355
If you use wrong ATF, then
No
g -sh
ltin ift
Jo
ck
h o
s
rd -
Ha
ing
Sh gag
ud En
d er No
Lost drive
JASO M355
What is ATF?
ATF is 䌡䌬䌭䌯䌳䌴䌳䌯䌭䌥䌴䌨䌩䌮䌧 like b䌬䌯䌯䌤!
If you lose your blood, you must die.

If you are injected a different type of blood
into your body, you maybe die.
AT is the same!
Please choose a correct type of ATF,

or you will kill your car.
JASO M355
3) JAMA’s Requirement for ATF

DH-1 JAMA’s Requirement for ATF
JASO M355
The Technical Advantage of Japanese ATs
䍃Low Fuel Consumption

High Efficiency
䍃Good Shift Quality
䍃High Reliability
These advanced performances demand

high performance ATFs
DH-1 JAMA’s Requirement for ATF, in Other Words
JASO M355
R R
DEXRON ᨿ MERCON
JAMA’s Requirement
= +
for ATF JAMA 5 Requirements
DEXRON®-III MERCON®
JASO
=
M315- 04
+
JAMA 5 Requirements
DH-1 JAMA’s Requirements for ATF & Test Methods
JASO M355
JAMA 5 Requirements
Anti-Shudder To prevent shudder JASO

Durability M349-01
Plate Clutch Friction To maintain good JASO
Characteristic shift feeling M348-02
DH-1 JAMA’s Requirement for ATF
JASO M355
JASO M315-02 Specifications

Class 1
䋶䋮䋰䋸䋮䋰

䋰䋮䋸䋲䋭䋰䋮䋹䋰䋰䌧䌣䌭
q Above 䋱䋷䋰 q
q Above 䋱䋸䋵 q
q

q Above 䋵䋮䋷
Above 䋱䋲䋰
q Below 䋭䋴䋰 q
Below 䋲
q
q 㻡䋵䋰䋰䋰䍃
q 㻡䋲䋰䋰䋰䋰䍃
DH-1
JASO M355
JAMA’s Requirement for ATF
a) Good Anti-Shudder Property

b) Anti-Shudder Durability for Life
c) Low Viscosity
d) Good 㱘 Characteristics for Wet Clutch
e) Good 㱘 Stability for Wet Clutch
f) Hi Shear Stability
h) Anti-Oxidation Property
j) Good De-foaming Characteristics
k) Good Materials Compatibility
JASO M315- 04
JASO M355
) Summary
DH-1 Summary
JASO M355
1. The Japanese ATs need genuine parts ATF

or superior ATF in both anti-shudder
durability and frictional characteristics.
And these important properties are specified
in JASO M315.
M315
2. Please select and choose a correct ATF type

to make the car better in fuel economy, to drive
comfortable, not to kill the AT.
And please remember ATF is always
transforming with the progress of the AT
technology.
DH-1
JASO M355
Thanks
&
Any Questions?
Yasushi Ando, TOYOTA

DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
HYDRAULIC FLUID SPECIFICATIONS

FOR CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY
DH-1
JASO M355 Outline
Hydraulic Fluid Trends
Needs for the New Specifications
JCMAS Specifications
Categories
Physical / Chemical Requirements
Laboratory Bench Test Requirements
Rig Performance Test Requirements
Quality Management System
Summary
DH-1
JASO M355
Hydraulic Fluid Trends
Higher Pressures
Smaller, Lighter Equipment
Higher Fluid Operating Temperatures

㫦
㫦
To be More Friendly with Environment
DH-1
JASO M355
Changes in Mobile Pump Pressure
DH-1 Failure Examples of Komatsu HPV35+35
JASO M355
Piston Pump (1)
Scratched Cylinder Block

DH-1 Failure Examples of Komatsu HPV35+35
JASO M355
Piston Pump (2)
DH-1 Needs for HF Specification by End-Users
JASO M355
Others Easier Inventory

Do not Care Management
17% Longer Oil Drain
Mixing 22%
2% Interval
27%
Small Number Negative

of Machine (24%)
6% N = 94 N = 94
Others Need Common Easier
9% HF Specification Maintenance Extended
(75%) 18%
Limited Stock Durability of
Capacity Hydraulic
5% Equipment
73%
Avoid Miss-Filling Cost Reduction

9% 12%
b) Specification Target ?
a) Need Common Specification ?
DH-1
JASO M355 Working Scheme for the Development
of New Standards
SAE JCMA
F & L Div.
Machinery Division
St. Comm. Asia
HF Working Group F & L Tech. Comm.
JFPA PAJ
JALOS
Membership of JCMA F&L Tech. Committee
DH-1
JASO M355
Name Organization Type Category

Genroku Sugiyama
Hitachi Construction Machinery
(Chair)
Satoshi Ohkawa Komatsu Ltd.
Atsuhiko Hirosawa Komatsu Ltd.
Yutaka Touji Kobelco Construction Machinery
Keiichiro Yamamoto Kubota Corporation Construction
Users
Toshimitsu Kobayashi Caterpillar Japan Machinery
(63%)
Hiroshi Ishiyama Sumitomo Construction Machinery
Hiroyasu Kodera Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Masato Nagao Tadano Ltd.
Shiro Yoshida Mitsubishi Heavy Industry
Takahisa Moriuchi Hitachi Construction Machinery
Tomoki Ando Kayaba Industry Component
Shinichi Mitsumoto
Nippon Oil Corporation
(Vice Chair)
Yoshitaka Shiraga Idemitsu Kosan Lubricants
Hirohiko Ootsu Showa Shell Sekiyu Producers
Jun Fujii Cosmo Oil Lubricants (37%)
Noriyuki Naganuma Japan Energy Corporation
Akihiro Mochizuki Chevron Japan
Additives
Hitoshi Hamaguchi Evonik Degussa Japan
DH-1 User Language for JCMAS HK
JASO M355
JCMAS Hydraulic Oil Category HK describes oils for use in

hydraulic system of all the construction equipment.
HK oils are effective to use in hydraulic systems designed to

pressurize up to 34.3MPa (5000psi) and to heat oil up to 100
degrees Celsius. HK oils are divided into four categories by
viscosity and low temperature fluidity. These oils provide
performances controlling wear, oxidation, rust, and seal swelling.
In addition, lubricating performance of these oils confirmed by a
high-pressure piston pump test, a high-pressure vane pump test
and a friction test.
Since drain interval and required performance in every hydraulic

system are diversified, HK oils can be used by following
individual construction equipment manufacturer’s
recommendation.
DH-1
JASO M355 JCMAS Hydraulic Fluid Specifications
JCMAS HK HKB
Normal Climate Cold Climate
Classification Single Grade Multi Grade
Grade Grade
Code VG32 VG46 VG32W VG46W VG32 VG46 VG32L VG46L
Operating Temperature > - 5㷄 > - 25㷄 > - 20㷄 > - 5㷄 > - 25㷄 > - 20㷄
ISO Viscosity Grade VG32 VG46 VG32 VG46 VG32 VG46 VG32 VG46
K. Viscosity at 40㷄, mm2/s 32 ± 3.2 46 ± 4.6 32 ± 3.2 46 ± 4.6 32 ± 3.2 46 ± 4.6 32 ± 3.2 46 ± 4.6
K. Viscosity at 100㷄, mm2/s 5.0 min. 6.1 min. 5.3 min. 6.8 min. 5.3 min. 6.8 min. 5.3 min. 6.8 min.
Viscosity Index 90 min. 120 min. -
Pour Point, 㷄 - 18 max. - 15 max. - 39 max. - 30 max. - 18 max. - 15 max. - 39 max. - 30 max.
Low Temperature at - 10㷄 - Report -

Viscosity, mPas at - 20㷄 - - 5000 max. - - 5000 max.
(Brookfield) at - 25㷄 - 5000 max. - - 5000 max. -
Shear Stability *,
- 10 max. -
% Viscosity Loss at 100㷄
* Sonic Shear Stability Tests: Either ASTM D 5821 or API-5S-29

DH-1 JCMAS Hydraulic Fluid Specifications (Cont.)
JASO M355
Requirements HK HKB
Density, g/cm3 - Report
Color (ASTM) - Report
Flash Point, 㷄 Report
Foaming at 24㷄 50 / 0 max.

(Tendency / at 93.5㷄 50 / 0 max.
Stability), ml at 24㷄 after 93.5㷄 50 / 0 max.
Aniline Point, 㷄 90 min. -
Acid Value, mgKOH/g - Report
Water Content, ppm - 1000 max.
Biodegarability (28 Days), % 60 min.
Environmental
-
Acceptability Acute Fish Toxicity 100 min.
(96h, LC50), mg/l
DH-1 JCMAS Hydraulic Fluid Specifications (Cont.)
JASO M355
Requirements HK HKB
Oxidation Stability, AV Increase
1.0 max. -
(TOST: 95㷄, 1000h), mgKOH/g
Copper Corrosion (100㷄, 3h) 1 max.
Rust-Preventing (Procedure B) Pass
Elastomer Change in Hardness, Grade - 25 min. - 40 / + 10
Compatibility Change in Tensile Strength, % - 50 max. - 5 / + 70
[NBR] Change in Elongation, % - 50 max. - 60 / + 20
(100㷄, 240h) Change in Volume, % + 30 max. - 65 / + 20
Elastomer Change in Hardness, Grade -8/+8
Compatibility Change in Tensile Strength, % - 5 / + 15
-
[HNBR] Change in Elongation, % - 15 / + 20
(120㷄, 240h) Change in Volume, % - 15 / + 20
Elastomer Change in Hardness, Grade -5/+5 Report
Compatibility Change in Tensile Strength, % - 30 max. Report
[AU] Change in Elongation, % - 30 max. Report
(120㷄, 240h) Change in Volume, % -5/+5 Report
Hydrolytic Copper Weight Loss, mg/cm2 Report
Stability Copper Color Change - Report
(95㷄, 48h) AV Increase, mgKOH/g Report
Filterability (JCMAS P043), min. Pass -
DH-1
JCMAS Hydraulic Fluid Specifications (Cont.)
JASO M355
Requirements HK HKB
Load Carrying Capacity, Weld Load
1235 min.
(JPI-5S-32: 4-Ball Method), N
Wear Preventive Properties, Scar Diameter
0.6 max.
(JPI-5S-40: 4-Ball Method), mm
Load Carrying Capacity (DIN 51354-3: FZG A/8, 3/90),
8 min.
stage
Pass (Flow Rate,
High Pressure Piston Pump Test Wear, Used Oil -
(JCMAS P044: Komatsu HPV35+35) Properties)
or
High Pressure Viscosity Increase Ratio, % 10 max. 10 max.
Piston Pump Test AV Increase, mgKOH/g 2.0 max. 2.0 max.
(JCMAS P045: Bosch
Sludge (0.8ȝ Fliter), mg/100ml 10 max. 10 max.
Rexroth A2F-10)
Copper in Used Oil, mass-ppm - report
Vane Pump Test Ring Wear, mg 75 max.
(ASTM D6973: 15 max. -
Vickers 35VQ25, 150h) Vane Wear, mg
or
Vane Pump Test Ring Wear, mg 120 max.
(ASTM D2882: 50 max.
Vickers V104C, 100h) Vane Wear, mg 30 max.
Friction Characteristics
0.08 min.
(JCMAS P047: Micro Clutch Test), ȝ
Friction Characteristics
or
0.07 min.
(JCMAS P047: SAE No.2 Clutch Test ), ȝ0
DH-1 Organizations for JCMA On-File System
JASO M355
JCMA
JCMA
(define
(define needs
needs JFPA
JFPA
and
and
PAJ
PAJ (comment
(comment on on
develop
develop tests)
tests) (system
(system support)
support) test
test and
and limit)
limit)
Oil / Additive
Suppliers
(run testing)
Send
JCMA
JCMA Lubricants
Lubricants Standards
Standards
member
Implementation
Implementation Panel
Panel Component
Suppliers
(parts supply)
Hydraulic
Hydraulic Fluid
Fluid JALOS
JALOS
Steering
Steering Committee
Committee (Secretariat
(Secretariat of
of
(review
(review // promote
promote specifications
specifications On-File
On-File System
System
and
and publish
publish manuals)
manuals) and
and REO
REO supply)
supply)
JCMA : Japan Construction Mechanization Association PAJ : Petroleum Association of Japan
JFPA : Japanese Fluid Power Association JALOS : Japan Lubricating Oil Society
DH-1
JASO M355
Summary
Hydraulic fluid specifications for construction machineries
(JCMAS HK/HKB) have been developed
JCMAS HK is anti-wear type mineral based HF designed for
high pressure / temperature applications
JCMAS HKB is ester based biodegradable HF
English version of the specifications and test procedures
are available
A quality management system has been implemented since
2007
For more details, please visit

DH-1 Abbreviations
JASO M355
JCMA
JCMAS
HK
HKB
GK
GKB
JFPA
PAJ
JALOS
SAE
DH-1
JASO M355
DH-1
JASO M355
㵺㵺㵺㵺
㵺
http://www.jalos.or.jp/
http://www.bookpark.ne.jp/jsae/book_e.asp
DH-1
JASO M355

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JASO M355
DH-1
DH-1
JASO M355
Performance Criteria Test

Items Unit
DH-1-05 DH-2-08 DL-1-08 Method
XW-30,
Viscosity Grade 䋭䋭 SAE J300
XW-20
TGF(Top Groove Fill) vol% 60.0 Max. 60.0 Max 60.0 Max
Piston
Piston Ring Stickings All free All free All free
Detergency JASO M 336
Merit
Deposits on Ring Lands Report Report Report
Rating
Average Cam Diameter Loss
(Normalized at 4.5 mass % 㱘m 95.0 Max. 95.0 Max 95.0 Max
Valve Train Carbon Residue Increase)
Wear
Maximum Cam Diameter Loss JASO M 354
Protection
(Normalized at 4.5 mass % 㱘m 210 Max. 210 Max 210 Max
Carbon Residue Increase)
Cam Surface Wear No pitting No pitting No pitting
Soot Viscosity Increase (100䌾150H)
mm2/s/h 0.2 Max. 0.2 Max. 0.2 Max. ASTM D 5967
Dispersancy @100㷄
High Viscosity Increase@40㷄 or 䋦 200 Max. 200 Max. 䋭 ASTM D 5533
Temperature
Viscosity Increase@40㷄(60H) 䋦 295 Max. 295 Max. 䋭 ASTM D 6984
Oxidation
Stability Viscosity Increase@40㷄(80H) 䋦䋭䋭 275 Max. ASTM D 6984
DH-1
JASO M355

Items Unit
Fuel Economy
Fuel Economy Improvement 䋦䋭䋭 2.5 Min. CEC-L-54-T-96
Hot Surface Merit

䌀280㷄 7.0 Min. 7.0 Min. 7.0 Min. JPI-5S-55-99
Deposit Control Rating
Sequence㸇 mL/mL 10/0 Max. 10/0 Max. 10/0 Max.
Anti-foaming Sequence㸈 mL/mL 50/0 Max. 50/0 Max. 50/0 Max. JIS-K-2518:2003
Sequence㸉 Foaming/ mL/mL 10/0 Max. 10/0 Max. 10/0 Max.

Stability
High
Temperature Sequence㸊 mL/mL 䋭䋭 100/0 Max. ASTM D 6082
Anti-foaming
mass %
Volatility Evaporation Loss@250㷄 18.0 Max. 18.0 Max. 15 Max JPI-5S-41-2004
DH-1
JASO M355

Items Unit
Copper mass ppm 20 Max. 20 Max. 20 Max.
Lead mass ppm 120 Max. 100 Max. 120 Max. ASTM D 6594
Anti-corrosion Tin mass ppm 50 Max. 50 Max. 50 Max.
Discoloration of Copper
3 Max 3 Max 3 Max ASTM D 130
Coupon after Test @135㷄
XW-30: 8.6
Min. XW-20:
Stay-in-grade of virgin Stay-in-
Shear Stability Kinetic Viscosity of Oil after oil viscosity grade of
mm2/s ASTM D 6278
(NOTE 4) Test@100㷄 classification in SAE virgin oil
J300 viscosity
classificatio
n in J300
JIS K 2272 1998
Sulfated Ash mass % 䋭 1.0㫧0.1 0.6 Max. 5.
JIS K 2501 2003
5.5 Min. 䋭 8.
Base Number mgKOH/g 10.0 Min.
䋭䋭 ASTM D 4739
Phosphorus mass % 䋭 0.12 Max. 0.10 Max JPI-5S-38-2003
JIS K 2541 2003

Sulfur mass % 䋭 0.5 Max 0.5 Max 5.
Chlorine mass ppm 䋭 150 Max 150 Max JPI-5S-64-2002

DH-1
JASO M355
Items Unit Method
DH-1-05 DH-2-08 DL-1-08
Hardness Change Point -1䌾+5 -1䌾+5 -1䌾+5
RE1 Tensile Strength Rate of Change % -40䌾+10 -50䌾+10 -40䌾+10

(Fluoro) Elongation Rate of Change % -50䌾+10 -60䌾+10 -50䌾+10
Volume Rate of Change % -1䌾+5 -1䌾+5 -1䌾+5
RE2-99 Tensile Strength Rate of Change % -15䌾+18 -15䌾+18 -15䌾+18

(Acrylic) Elongation Rate of Change % -35䌾+10 -35䌾+10 -35䌾+10
Seal Compati- RE3 Tensile Strength Rate of Change % -45䌾+10 -45䌾+10 -45䌾+10 CEC-L-
bility (Silicon) Elongation Rate of Change % -20䌾+10 -20䌾+10 -20䌾+10 39-T-96

RE4 Tensile Strength Rate of Change % -20䌾+10 -20䌾+10 -20䌾+10

(Nitrile) Elongation Rate of Change % -50䌾+10 -50䌾+10 -50䌾+10
Hardness Change Point
AEM
(Ethylen Tensile Strength Rate of Change % Per agreement between
e Elongation Rate of Change % concerned parties
Acrylic)
Volume Rate of Change %
DH-1
JASO M355 Color Fuel Sulfur
> 500 ppm
< 500 ppm
< 50 ppm
< 15 ppm
API CD…obsolete CF
CF-4
CG-4
CH-4
CI-4
CJ-4
Trucks & Buses PC-11
ACEA ACEA 1996
Engine Oil ACEA 1998
Specifications ACEA 1999
ACEA 2002
Why DH-1 ? ACEA 2004
ACEA 2007
ACEA 2008
VTW Problem Needed
JASO with CG-
CG-4 in New Std. DH-1
Japanese Engine
DH-2/DL-1
< 50ppmS Fuel
1990 2000 and DPF 2010 Year
U.S 90 91 94 98 2002 04 07 10
Emission
Europe Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Euro V Euro VI
Regulations
Japan ST LT New ST New LT Post NLT
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2009 DEO Seminar

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DH-1

To Improve Quality of Diesel Engine Oil for:

To Share Information of Japanese Activities

JAMA & PAJ Engine Oil Sub Committee

- Oil Suppliers Observers

Diesel Oil Working Group

Today’s Speakers are in blue.

Industry Name Company

Many trucks and buses are exported to Thailand,

Source: JAMA Data Base

API CD and lower grade oils still make up

< API CD Others

Source : SAE F&L Steering Committee for Asia 2006

Source : SAE F&L Steering Committee for Asia 2006

API CD grade and lower grade oils still make up

Source : SAE F&L Steering Committee for Asia 2006

Results as of Dec. 2007

' ' ' '

Revised Dec. 2008

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Indonesia Euro 㸈 (Euro㸊 )

Vietnam Euro 㸈 (Euro III)

Cooled After Compatibility with JASO engine oil

Incomplete combustion complete combustion

PM: Increase NOx: Decrease PM: Decrease NOx: Increase

Less O2 & Lower Higher Combustion

High pressure fuel injection

SCR+? SCR NOx

Limit without complete

200 New Common Rail System

150 Common Rail

Injection Pressure (MPa)

Conventional inline pump

Pilot Main After

Pre Catalyst Urea Injection

Higher Capacity Large Quantity EGR

Electric-controlled Turbo Exhaust Gas

Source : JAMA Material

Intake / exhaust Rocker shaft

Main oil gallery

Main Oil cooler

Piston rod bearing

Oil pan Strainer

More Clearance by abrasive wear

 Higher Tapping Noise

9 Oils with adequate detergency & dispersancy provide better fuel

Fuel Economy Rate

( Piston, Piston Ring )

TBN TBN TBN

Prevent from corrosion

( Bush Metal, Connecting Rod )

9 Multi-grade oils provide better fuel economy than mono-grade oils.

Annual Effect (US$) : Base 3200 1900

9 Multi-grade oils provide better fuel economy than mono-grade oils.

We recommend suitable Performance &

Region Application 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s

JASO Application Fuel Sulfur Emission Regulations

Test Items Test Method Performance Criteria

Mitsubishi Fuso 4D34T4 㻟 㱘

Seal Compatibility 㪔㩷㪘㪚㪜㪘㩷㩷㪜

Nissan Diesel TD25

Top Groove Fill (vol%)

Mitsubishi Fuso 4D34T4

Viscosity @100C mm2/s

Higher Tapping Noise

Mitsubishi Fuso 4D34T4 㻟㱘