I.E.S.

LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE

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CHAPTER :5 HUMAN REPRODUCTION

5. 1 Changes in puberty

1. What do we mean when we say that human reproduction is sexual?

2. What phase of life does adolescence correspond to?

3. Complete this table

SECUNDARY SEXUAL SECUNDARY SEXUAL

CHARACTERISTICS IN BOYS CHARACTERISTICS IN GIRLS
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5. 2 The reproductive system

4. Visit this web

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_marieb_happlace_7/labeling/fig_2701.html and
drag each term with the corresponding place in the diagraman

5. Visit thei web

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_marieb_happlace_7/labeling/fig_2711.html and
drag each term with the corresponding place in the diagraman

6. Visit this web

http://wps.aw.com/bc_marieb_happlace_7_oa/42/10973/2809184.cw/ and complete
activities 2, 4 and 5

7. Circle the letter of the correct choice.

1. Which statement best describes a gamete?
(a) A gamete is a sex cell.
(b) A gamete is a cell involved in reproduction.
(c) A gamete is a reproductive cell that combines with another gamete during
fertilization.
(d) Gametes combine during fertilization.

2. Structures of the male reproductive system include which of the following? (1) the
vas deferens, (2) the epididymis, (3) the fallopian tubes, (4) the seminiferous tubules.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2, and 3
(c) 1, 2, and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

3. The epididymis
(a) is a very long coiled tube inside the scrotum.
(b) is where sperm mature.
(c) is where sperm are stored
(d) all of the above

4. How many sperm are released with each ejaculation?

(a) hundreds
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(b) thousands
(c) millions
(d) hundreds of millions

5. Functions of the female reproductive system include

(a) receiving eggs during sexual intercourse.
(b) delivering a baby after birth.
(c) breast feeding a baby before birth.
(d) supporting the development of a fetus.

6. Female reproductive structures include which of the following? (1) the Fallopian
tubes, (2) theovaries, (3) the uterus, (4) the pelvis.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2, and 3
(d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

8. Match the vocabulary word with the proper definition.

Definitions
1. chemical messengers that control sexual development and reproduction
2. produce sperm and secrete testosterone
3. the period during which humans become sexually mature
4. the male sex hormone
5. an external male genital organ
6. where sperm mature and are stored until they leave the body
7. rapid growth during puberty
8. consists of structures that produce gametes and secrete sex hormones
9. process of releasing sperm
10. the fluid that carries sperm through the urethra
11. a muscular organ where a fetus grows and develops until birth
12. external female reproductive structures
13. a tube-like structure that receives sperm during sexual intercourse, and it
provides a passageway for a baby to leave during birth
14. has a fringe-like structure that collects eggs from the ovary
Terms
a. adolescent growth spurt
b. ejaculation
c. epididymis
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d. penis
e. puberty
f. reproductive system
g. semen
h. sex hormones
i. testis
j. testosterone
k. Fallopian tube
l. uterus
m. vagina
n. vulva
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5. 3 The gametes and their formation

9. Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow.

Egg Production
At birth, a female’s ovaries contain all the eggs she will ever produce. However, the
eggs do not start to mature until she enters puberty. After menarche, one egg
typically matures each month until a woman reaches middle adulthood.

Oogenesis
The process of producing eggs in the ovary is called oogenesis. Eggs, like sperm, are
haploid cells (23 chromosomes) , and their production occurs in several steps that
involve different types of cells.
Oogenesis begins long before birth when immatures follicles are formed

Maturation of a Follicle
Beginning in puberty, each month one of the follicles starts to mature.

Ovulation and Fertilization

After 12–14 days, when the follicle is mature, it bursts open, releasing an egg oocyte
from the ovary. This event is called ovulation. The follicle, now called a corpus luteum,
starts to degenerate, or break down.
If the egg is fertilized by a sperm as it is passing through the Fallopian tube, forms a
mature egg and another polar body. (The polar bodies break down and disappear.) If
the egg is not fertilized, it passes into the uterus as an immature egg and soon
disintegrates.

Questions
1. A man produces sperm daily after puberty. When does a women produce her eggs?

2. What is oogenesis?
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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4. What is ovulation? When does ovulation occur?

10. Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow.

Sexual Development in Males

The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is their reproductive
organs. However, even the reproductive organs start out the same in both sexes.

Development Before Birth

In the first several weeks after fertilization, males and females are essentially the
same except for their chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), and
males have an X and a Y chromosome (XY). Then, during the second month after
fertilization, genes on the Y chromosome of males cause the secretion of
testosterone. Testosterone stimulates the reproductive organs to develop into male
organs. (Without testosterone, the reproductive organs always develop into female
organs.) Although boys have male reproductive organs at birth, the organs are
immature and not yet able to produce sperm or secrete testosterone.

Puberty and Its Changes

The reproductive organs grow very slowly during childhood and do not mature until
puberty. Puberty is the period during which humans become sexually mature. In the
U.S., boys generally begin puberty at about age 12 and complete it at about age 18.
What causes puberty to begin? The hypothalamus in the brain “tells” the pituitary
gland to secrete hormones that target the testes. The main pituitary hormone
involved is luteinizing hormone (LH). It stimulates the testes to secrete
testosterone. Testosterone, in turn, promotes protein synthesis and growth. It brings
about most of the physical changes of puberty.

Questions
1. What is the difference between the male and female chromosomes?
2. Describe the role of testosterone during development.
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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3. Define “puberty.” When does puberty begin in boys?

4. What causes puberty to begin?

5. What is luteinizing hormone? What does it do?

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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5. 4 The ovarian and uterine cycles

11. Visit the web

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/ovarianuterine.html and
answer the quiz

12. The left-hand column of Table gives the names of the various phases in the
menstrual cycle. Complete the right-hand column by entering the correct period in
days measured from the last normal menstrual period (LNMP).

Phase of the menstrual cycle Days (1 = first day of the LNMP)

Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

Luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

Menstrual phase of the uterine cycle

Proliferative phase of the uterine

cycle

Secretory phase of the uterine cycle

13. What is the corpus luteum?

14. What happens if fertilisation of the ovum does not occur?

15. In very general terms, describe what is happening in a woman’s body during her
monthly “menstrual cycle”.
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA – CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGÜE
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16. How do you calculate the length of a menstrual cycle?

17. Which gland releases LH and FSH?

18. Which organs produce ova and the female sex hormones, estrogen and
progesterone?

19. Which hormone stimulates the building up of the endometrium, promotes the
growth of the ovum and causes a surge of LH?

20. Which hormone limits the volume of the endometrium and inhibits the release of
FSH and LH?
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5. 5 Pregnancy and childbirth

21. The left-hand column of Table gives the names of the various foetal development .
Complete the right-hand column by entering the correct period (first, second or third
trimester)

FIRST TRIMESTER SECOND TRIMESTER THIRD TRIMESTER

Phase of the foetal Trimester

development

The foetus measures 15 cm.

The development of the head begins.
The fingers and toes form and the
nails appear.

It starts to make movements

The embryo measures 4 mm.
Start of the formation of the brain
and the internal organs.
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Hair starts to appear on the head, the

eyebrows and the eyelashes.
The foetus is 40 cm long.

The heart is formed and starts to

beat.
The skeleton partially ossifies.
The skin thickens and turns a pink
colour.
The extremities begin develop.

The foetus moves into the head-down

position.

The skin is almost transparent

The foetus shows some reflexes, such

as frowning or sucking its fingers.
The foetus measures between 45 and
50 cm and weighs between 2.5 and 3
kilos.
The eyes are almost completely
developed
The foetus becomes more active and
moves more.

The lungs are fully mature.