Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Safety data sheets for NEW chemicals used in your project (and NOT available in the
laboratory) need to be attached WITH this form.
Once this assessment has been signed by you, a technician, your project supervisor and
safety health officer; an assigned reference number will be given, please submit:
the original document of this assessment to be kept by you.
The copy of the document of this assessment to TECHNICIAN IN-CHARGED [TIC]
of main laboratory used; to be kept in the laboratory safety file.
If more than one laboratory used in this project, submit a copy of this document to
the TIC to be kept in the laboratory safety file.
Ensure this assessment is resubmitted for approval when work out of office hour.
Ensure this assessment is read and signed annually by all concerned.
Postgraduate student is required to submit After hours risk management procedure
together with this submission.
Ensure this assessment is reviewed annually by the project supervisor for posrgraduate.
Remember that anything that you put in this form you must follow!
2. Name of Supervisor
4. Methods / Procedures
Experimental procedure
4.1.1 Materials
a) Sawdust
b) Dimethyl Sulfoxide
4.1.2 Procedures
a) Preparation of sawdust
The Scaphium spp. wood sample can obtain from furnishing shop around Alor Gajah.
First, the sample needs to dry directly to sunlight and cut into a small piece. Next, the
small pieces of wood chips will ground into powder using a grinder. Then, the sawdust
will dry overnight in a vacuum oven at 100˚C before using.
b) Dissolution of wood
Prepare the Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in liquid form and stir with the sawdust. In
dissolution process, prepare 5 different mass of sawdust which is 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, and
10g. Then, all the samples will disperse with 190g of DMSO in 100ml beaker. Stir the
mixture with a magnetic stirrer on a hot plate at 50˚C in the open atmosphere with speed
of 3 about 1.5 hours. A dark and viscous wood suspension with about 5 wt% wood
concentration will obtain.
4.2.1 Materials
4.2.2 Procedures
a) Purification of cellulose
Prepare the cellulose by acid hydrolysis of cellulose following the Sulfuric Acid
hydrolysis with minor modification. Hydrolyze the sludge with 63.5% Sulfuric Acid
for 104 minutes at 45˚C. The resulting undergo series of centrifugation, washing with
deionized water and sonication step to collect the cellulose in the supernatant. It will
neutralize by dialysis and store until further use in the form of aqueous suspensions.
Concentrate the cellulose by dialysis against Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) to a
concentration of 4.2 wt.% prior to use for membrane fabrication.
b) Preparation of membrane
Firstly, dissolve the chitosan in 2 wt.% Acetic Acid follow by addition of deionized
water to form a solution of 1 wt.%. Mix the cellulose with chitosan with a ratio of 9:1
and the total concentration of mixture is 2 wt.%. Pour the mixture of chitosan and
cellulose into petri plate and put into fume hoot for drying and solidify. Leave the
samples about 24 hours. Bring the sample for analysis.
4.3 Analysis
a) Scanning imulsion X will give one pattern of peak while scanning imulsion Y which
consist of imulsion X plus impurities will give another pattern of peak.
b) By substracting the peaks of sample, the remaining peaks are the pattern for the
impurities.
c) Searching this patern it can be determine the compounds in the impurities.
d) Using ATD is the best recommended for this final year project.
e) Next will be insert carefully ATD and ensure the source of light is turned on.
f) The instrument will scan the background and scan the sample X.
g) As a result, the data will be print and compare to identify the impurities by plotting
the graph.
Porosity is a method to identify the empty space in a material and defined as the pore
volume divided by the total volume of the membrane with a unit of percentage (%). Below
is the equation of porosity of membrane, P%
(𝑊𝑤 − 𝑊𝑑) × 𝐷𝑐
𝑃% = × 100%
(𝑊𝑤 − 𝑊𝑑) × 𝐷𝑐 + 𝑊𝑑 × 𝐷𝑖
Where :
Ww : Mass of wet membrane in Water
Wd : Mass of dry membrane (g)
Di : Water density (1.0 g/cm3)
Dc : Cellulose density (1.5 g/cm3)
From the equation, the process needs to identify the mass of filter membrane samples in
wet and dry state. All the mass value will insert to the equation above to find the value P%.
5c. Substances used which have potential to cause harm (potential hazard)
NB: This section is concerned with hazards inherent in the substances rather than the way they might be used in this procedure. All columns must be filled
according to Safety Data Sheet.
Skin Contact – Flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Unless contact has been
slight obtain medical attention.
Inhalation – Remove to fresh air, rest and keep warm. If breathing is difficult give artificial respiration and obtain medical attention.
Eye contact – Irrigate with copious amounts of eye wash or water for at least 15 minutes. Assure adequate flushing by separating the eyelids with fingers.
Obtain medical attention
Ingestion – Do not induce vomiting. If conscious provide water for person to thoroughly wash out mouth (and sip if required). Obtain medical attention.
Full safety data sheets for the above chemicals must available in file at the laboratory in use.
Please ensure data sheets for any previously unused chemical are added to the laboratory's safety file.
Nomenclature
CoSHH: Control of Substances Hazardous to Health MEL: Maximum exposure limit TWA: Time weighted average
SDS : Safety Data Sheet [or the old term is called OEL: Occupational exposure limit TLV: Threshold limit value
CSDS-CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEET or
MSDS-MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Splashing of hazardous
material : Waring the lab cot to
cover skin.
Ensure the spectrometer is
Electrical shock
properly grounded and all the
Fourier Transform Infrared cables are properly insulated.
Spectroscopy Check that the area around is
clean and dry before operating
the spectrometer.
Electrical shock : Check that
Electrical shock
area around the meachine clean
Mechanical exposure and dry before start the operation
Universal Testing Machine
Mechanical exposure : Keep
distance safely while the machine
is operate.
Take the fresh air. Get the
Asphyxiant
medical attention immediately if
Stirred-Cell Membrane Filtration Expose to nitrogen gas getting worse.
NOTE:
ALL EQUIPMENTS USED ELECTRICAL POWER WILL HAVE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS.
6. Laboratories required
PILOT PLANT
LAB 15 (Polymer Processing Testing & Analysis)
LAB 2B (Analytical Chemistry)
LAB 2C (Analytical Chemistry)
Next checking on: Next checking on: Next checking on: Next checking on:
13/12/2018 29/12/2018 20/9/2018 20/9/2018
Condition: GOOD
Tissue, glove,
face mask, filter
(SW 410)
paper
Used sawdust
cellulose filter
(SW 4)
membrane
NOTE:The following list of scheduled wastes are not exhausted, the above regulation must be
referred to complete this section.
NOTE:
PLEASE SPECIFY YOUR BIOHAZARD WASTE - ROUTE OF DISPOSAL
Date