NEURAL NETWORKS

INTRODUCTION OF NEURAL NETWORKS:

The neural networks are defined as the computer modeled based on human
nervous system and brain. In the information technology a neural network is the
interface between the hardware and software. There are so much of advanced
technologies is involved in neural networks such as Deep Learning, Artificial
Intelligence and some of the applications used by the neural networks followed by
the Pattern Recognition, Image Processing, etc. The speech recognition can be
done by Raspberry Pi. The main key element of the neural networks is
Information Processing System.

So the ultimate aim of the neural networks is to solve the major problems of
human brain. So the computer and human brain are interconnected to each other.
In this occasion the computers plays the major role. What we are thinking it will
displays in the computer. Recently some advanced technologies are also involved
in the neural networks. It is more precision in Cancer Treatment, Business
Intelligence, etc. How this neural network works is that it is purely based on
algorithms. This algorithm follows step by step process they are Gradient
Descdent, Newtons Method, Conjugate Gradient, Quasi Newton and
Levenberg Marqardt.

The straightforward system consisting of input layer, hidden layer and output
layer. These artificial intelligence may be used for adaptive modeling, predictive
modeling and used for some basic applications. A single neuron may be connected
with the total number of neurons and they can transmit the signals electrically.
They can transmit the signals through the neuro transmitter. Digital computers
can evolved from the Von Neumann Model which transmit the signals in the form
of 0 and 1.Theoretically this is concerned with the biological neural systems. To
satisfy these conditions we have to design some models. There are two models
long term model and short term model. Some of the theories in the neural
networks are learning theory and information theory.

HISTORY OF NEURAL NETWORKS:

The History of neural networking is seemed to be started in the late 1800s with the
scientific workings of human brain. In 1943 McCulloch and Pits produced the
model of the neuron. It is still used in the neural networking. Stephen Hawking
who is astrophysicist was diagnosed with ALS a form of Motor Neuron disease.
He communicated to his family by computerized system that is artificial
intelligence. The Minsky and Papert summed up a general feeling of frustration.
Many important advances has been bounded by the use of most expensive
computers. The activity pattern about the brain was proposed by William James.
The broke up the models into two parts they are input and the output function of
the sum.

During the period of 1957 and 1958 Frank Rosenblatt has newly developed a
neuron computers. His primary interest was pattern recognition. Other than the
promotion and the general absence of meticulousness, by the mid1960 s.
Representative of this period was the structure of the neuro computer by Marvin
Minsky on 1951.

In the upcoming years, the John Neumann proposed the basic neuron functions
utilizing the vacuum tubes. Frank Rosenblatt neuro biologist started to deal with
the task of operation of perceptron. This perceptron was ensued in the study
which is an oldest neural network and it is used still in the following years.

In 1990 US division of guard independent company development inquire about

program has set up the 16 new projects which is essentially focused on neural
systems. Shockingly these prior triumphs made individuals overstate the potential
about neural systems.

APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS:

Character Recognition: Character acknowledgment has turned out to be critical
as handheld gadgets like the Palm Pilot are winding up progressively prevalent.
Neural systems can be utilized to perceive manually written characters.

Image Compression: Neural systems can get and process huge measures of data
on the double, making them helpful in picture pressure. With the Internet blast and
more destinations utilizing more pictures on their locales, utilizing neural systems
for picture pressure is justified regardless of a look.

Stock Market Prediction: The everyday business of money markets is to a great

degree convoluted. Numerous elements say something whether a surrendered stock
will go or down on some random day. Since neural systems can inspect a great
deal of data rapidly and deal with everything, they can be utilized to anticipate
stock costs.

Travelling Salesman Problem: Interestingly enough, neural systems can take care
of the voyaging business person issue, however just to a specific level of guess.

Medicine, Electronic Nose, Security and Loan Applications: These are a few
applications that are in their evidence of-idea organize, with the accept ion of a
neural system that will choose whether or not to allow a credit, something that has
just been utilized more effectively than numerous people.
Miscellaneous Applications: These are some extremely intriguing (but now and
again somewhat ludicrous) utilizations of neural systems.

ADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS:

 Storing information on the entire network: Information, for example, in
customary writing computer programs is put away on the whole system, not
on a database. The vanishing of a couple of snippets of data in a single place
does not keep the system from working.
 Ability to work with incomplete knowledge: After ANN preparing, the
information may deliver yield even with fragmented data. The loss of
execution here relies upon the significance of the missing data.
 Having fault tolerance: Corruption of at least one cells of ANN does not
keep it from producing yield. This component makes the systems blame
tolerant.
 Having a distributed memory: All together for ANN to have the capacity
to learn, it is important to decide the models and to encourage the system as
indicated by the coveted yield by demonstrating these precedents to the
system. The system's prosperity is straightforwardly corresponding to the
chosen examples, and if the occasion cannot be appeared to the system in the
entirety of its viewpoints, the system can create false yield.
 Gradual corruption: A system moderates after some time and experiences
relative corruption. The system issue does not instantly consume quickly.
 Ability to make machine learning: Artificial neural systems learn
occasions and settle on choices by remarking on comparable occasions.
 Parallel processing capability: Artificial neural systems have numerical
quality that can perform in excess of one occupation in the meantime.
DRAWBACKS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS:
 Hardware dependence: Artificial neural systems require processors with
parallel preparing power, as per their structure. Therefore, the
acknowledgment of the hardware is needy.
 Unexplained behavior of the network: This is the most imperative issue of
ANN. At the point when ANN produces an examining arrangement, it
doesn't provide some insight with respect to why and how. This lessens trust
in the system.
 Determination of proper network structure: There is no particular lead
for deciding the structure of fake neural systems. Fitting system structure is
accomplished through understanding and experimentation.
 Difficulty of showing the problem to the network: ANNs can work with
the support of numerical records. Issues must be changed over into
numerical characteristics already being familiar with ANN. The showcase
component to be resolved here will specifically impact the execution of the
system. This relies upon the client's capacity.
 The duration of the network is unknown: The system is diminished to a
specific estimation of the blunder on the example implies that the
preparation has been finished. This esteem does not give us ideal outcomes.

Science fake neural systems that have ventured into the world in the mid-twentieth
century are quickly creating. In our present day, we have analyzed the upsides of
counterfeit neural systems and the issues experienced over the span of their
utilization. It ought not to be overlooked that the burdens of ANN systems, which
are a creating science branch, are disposed of one by one and their favorable
circumstances are expanding step by step. This implies fake neural systems will
turn into a fundamental piece of our lives progressively imperative.