Newcastle University School of Engineering

Environmental Engineering

CEG8102
Introduction to practical hydraulics
Module leader: Dr. David Graham

Giacomo Butte’
180529115
CEG8102: Introduction to Practical Hydraulics

Part 1: Pressure Flow (Pipe Friction) Laboratory Experiment

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Aims

1.3 Objectives:
a. verify the relationship between flow conditions and pressure drop in a smooth circular pipe
b. b. confirm the pipe friction equation
c. c. examine the relationship between flow rate and flow regime

1.3 Experimental Method

The experiment was run on a hydraulic bench with a smooth pipe stand (producer: Armfield). Water
flow was measured using a volumetric tube with 250 ml capacity. Timing was taken with adigital
chronometer. The hydraulic head in mm of mercury was measured with using the pipe stand built on
ruler.

1.4 Results
Table 1: data collected for experiment A
Lab Measurements Calculations (SI units)
Vol L Time (s) h1 (mm Hg) h2 (mm Hg) hf (m of Hg) hf(m of H20) Q (m3/s) V (m/s) RE
0.25 9.91 403 79 -0.324 -4.40 2.52E-05 0.893 2551
0.25 10.97 390 91 -0.299 -4.06 2.28E-05 0.806 2304
0.25 11.16 379 104 -0.275 -3.74 2.24E-05 0.793 2265
0.25 11.9 368 116 -0.252 -3.43 2.10E-05 0.743 2124
0.25 12.75 347 135 -0.212 -2.88 1.96E-05 0.694 1982
0.25 14.41 326 157 -0.169 -2.30 1.73E-05 0.614 1754
0.25 20.19 289 194 -0.095 -1.29 1.24E-05 0.438 1252
0.25 25.09 277 208 -0.069 -0.94 9.96E-06 0.353 1007
0.25 41.09 259 226 -0.033 -0.45 6.08E-06 0.215 615
0.25 158 248 237 -0.011 -0.15 1.58E-06 0.056 160
Pipe diameter 3 mm
Pipe length 500 mm

hf (H20) = hf (Hg) * 13.5159

𝑢∗𝐷
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜈

Using (3)

Laminar fd = 64/Re

and turbulent

Where is the transition?

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CEG8102: Introduction to Practical Hydraulics

Ks?

Discuss in relation with RE

2.1 Introduction experiment 2

2.2 Objectives
The experiment had the following objectives:
a. measure and compare water flow above the crest of the weir and the discharge using two
different weirs.
b. apply discharge equation for rectangular and V-notch weirs
c. determine discharge coefficients

2.3 Results

Table 2: R votch
Measured values Calculated values
he (mm) Volume (L) Time (s) he (m) Q ( m3/s) Cd
17.2 0.25 4.25 0.0172 5.88E-05 2.94E-01
35.9 5 15.38 0.0359 3.25E-04 5.40E-01
55.7 5 8.09 0.0557 6.18E-04 5.31E-01
61.6 5 6.72 0.0616 7.44E-04 5.49E-01
63.3 5 6.44 0.0633 7.76E-04 5.50E-01
65.5 5 7.65 0.0655 6.54E-04 4.40E-01
69.9 10 14.63 0.0699 6.84E-04 4.18E-01
76 10 12.38 0.076 8.08E-04 4.35E-01
79.5 10 7.13 0.0795 1.40E-03 7.06E-01

3𝑄
𝐶=
2√2𝑔𝑏ℎ1.5

Table 3: V votch
Measured values Calculated values
he (mm) Volume (L) Time (s) he (m) Q ( m3/s) Cd
20.3 3 29.38 0.0203 1.02E-04 3.68E-01
32 3 13.91 0.032 2.16E-04 2.49E-01
34.3 3 10.88 0.0343 2.76E-04 2.68E-01
37.3 3 7.94 0.0373 3.78E-04 2.98E-01
38.4 3 8.22 0.0384 3.65E-04 2.67E-01
34.3 3 11.66 0.0343 2.57E-04 2.50E-01
30.7 3 17.44 0.0307 1.72E-04 2.20E-01
20.3 3 41.71 0.0203 7.19E-05 2.59E-01

2.4

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CEG8102: Introduction to Practical Hydraulics

5.0 References