2nd Topic

Double Integrals
[where limits are not given, but region of integration is given]

(Last updated on 15-07-2013)

(04 Solved problems and 00 Home assignments)

Here we will discuss those problems in double integrals, where
limits are not given, but region of integration is given.
Since limits are not given, so rough sketch of the region of
integration is required. So in that case, we can integrate first w.r.t. x or y
depends upon our desire.
If we suppose, strip is parallel to x-axis (horizontal strip), then
integrate w.r.t. x first and then w.r.t. y, whereas if we suppose strip is
parallel to y-axis (vertical strip), then integrate w.r.t. y first and then w.r.t. x.
Let us clear this concept with the help of problems given below.
Q.No.1.: Evaluate ∫∫ xydxdy , where A is the domain bounded by x-axis, ordinate
A

x = 2a and the curve x 2 = 4ay .

Sol.: First way to solve this problem: Let us consider the strip, parallel to y-axis
Double Integrals (where limits are not given, but the region of integration is given) 2
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The line x = 2a and the parabola x 2 = 4ay intersect at L(2a, a ) . This figure shows the
domain A which is the area OML.

y-axis

L (2a, a)
x2 =4ay
x = 2a
Q
R S
x-axis
O P M

Now let us suppose strip is parallel to y-axis. In that case integrating first over a vertical
 x 2 

strip PQ, w.r.t. y from P( y = 0 ) to Q y = on the parabola and then w.r.t. x from x =
 4a 

0 to x = 2a, we have

 x 2 / 4a  x 2 / 4a
2a
 
2a
 y2 
∫∫ xydxdy = ∫  ∫ xydy dx = ∫ x  dx
A 0  0  0  2  0

2a 2a
1 1 x6 a4
∫
5
= x dx = = . Ans.
32a 2 0 32a 2 6
0
3

Second way to solve this problem: Let us consider the strip, parallel to x-axis
Now let us suppose strip is parallel to x-axis. In that case integrating first over a
( )
horizontal strip RS, w. r. t. x from R x = 2 ay on the parabola to S(x = 2a ) and then w.
r. t. y from y = 0 to y = a, we get
a  2a  a  x2 
2a
 
∫∫ xydxdy = ∫  ∫ xydx dy = ∫ y  2 
 
dy
A 0  2 (ay)  0   2 (ay )

a a
ay 2 y3 a4
= 2a ∫ ( 2
ay − y dy = 2a
2
) −
3
=
3
. Ans.
0 0

Q.No.2.: Evaluate the integral ∫∫ xydxdy over the positive quadrant of the circle
Double Integrals (where limits are not given, but the region of integration is given) 3
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x 2 + y2 = a 2 .

Sol.: The region OAB, represents the positive quadrant of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 .

y-axis
B a

P Q
a x-axis
O A

Let us suppose that the strip is parallel to x-axis, then in this region, x varies from 0 to

a 2 − y 2 and y varies from 0 to a,. Hence

 a 2 − y2  a  2  a −y
2 2
a
  x y
a
dy = ∫ y
(a 2
− y2 )
2
1
a
( )
dy = ∫ y a 2 − y 2 dy
I= ∫  ∫ xydx dy = ∫ 
 2

 2 20
0  0  0   0 0
 
a
1
a
( 1  a 2 y2 y4 
= ∫ a 2 y − y3 dy =  )
−  = 
1  a 2 (a )2 a 4 
−  − (0 − 0)
( )
20 2  2 4  2  2 4 
0

1 a4 a4  a4
=  − = .Ans.
2  2 4  8

∫∫ (x + y) dxdy over the area bounded by the ellipse

2
Q.No.3.: Evaluate the integral

x2 y2
+ = 1.
a2 b2 y-axis x2 y2
+ =1
Sol.: y = +b a2 b2

P Q

x-axis

y = -b
Double Integrals (where limits are not given, but the region of integration is given) 4
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x2  y2 
y2 y2 2

Since 2 + 2 = 1 ⇒ x = a 1 − 2 ⇒ x = ±a 1 − 2 . 2
a b  b  b
 
 y2   y2 
b  a 1−
b 2  b  a 1−
b 2 
   
∴I = ∫  ∫ (x + y dx  dy = ∫
)2
 ∫ ( 2 2
x + y + 2 xy dx  dy )
−b  y 2  −b  y2 
 −a 1− b 2   −a 1− b 2 

 y2   
y2
 a 1−
2   x 3 a 1−

b

b

b  2
= ∫ 2 ∫ ( )
x + y dx  dy = 2 ∫
2 2 
 3
+ y x
2

b
 dy

−b  0  −b 0
 
   

b  3 2 3 / 2 2
=2∫  1 −  + y 2a 1 − y  dy
a y
 3  b 2  b2 
−b  
Since function is even, then we get
b  3 2 3 / 2 
a y
 1 −  y2 
⇒ I = 4∫ 2
+ ay 1 − 2 dy
 3  b 2  b 
0  
π
Put y = b sin θ ⇒ dy = b cos θdθ . Also when y = 0, θ = 0 and when y = b, θ = .
2
π/2  3 
a
∫
3 2 2
Then I = 4  cos θ + ab sin θ cos θ b cos θdθ
0  3 

a2 π / 2 π/2 
∫ ∫
4 2 2 2
= 4ab  cos θdθ + b sin θ cos θdθ (i)
 3 0 0 
π/2
3.1 π 3π
Now first evaluate ∫ cos4 θdθ = . =
4.2 2 16
,
0

π/2
1.1 π π
and ∫ sin 2 θ cos2 θdθ = . =
4.2 2 16
0

Hence
Double Integrals (where limits are not given, but the region of integration is given) 5
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 a 2 3π π  abπ 2
I = 4ab  . + b 2  = a + b 2 . Ans.( )
 3 16 16  4

Q.No.4.: Evaluate the integral ∫∫ xy (x + y )dxdy over the area between y = x 2

and y = x .

Sol.: Solving y = x 2 and y = x , we get x = x 2 ⇒ x − x 2 = 0 ⇒ x (1 − x ) = 0 .

∴ x = 0 and x = 1
When x = 0, y = 0 and x = 1, y = 1.
∴ The points of intersection are O( 0, 0) and A (1, 1).
Let us suppose, the strip is parallel to y-axis. In that case integrating first over a

horizontal strip RS, w. r. t. y from y = x 2 to y = x and then w. r. t. x from x= 0 to x = 1,

we get

y-axis
y=x

A (1, 1)

S
y = x2

R
x-axis
O

1 x  1 x 
I= ∫∫ xy(x + y )dxdy = ∫  ∫ xy (x + y )dy dx =
 x 2 
∫ ( )
 ∫ x 2 y + xy 2 dy dx
 x 2 
0 0

x 1
1
 x 2 y 2 xy 3  1  4
x x 4 x6 x7   x 5 x 5 x 7 x8 
=∫  +  dx = ∫  + − −  dx =  + − − 
0  2 3  2
x 0 
 2 3 2 3 
 
 10 15 14 24 
0

1 1 1 1
=  + − −  = [0.1 + 0.06667 − 0.07143 − 0.0417] = 0.5357 . Ans.
10 15 14 24 
Double Integrals (where limits are not given, but the region of integration is given) 6
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