Professional Documents
Culture Documents
www.nrelect.com 2
Typical Application
• Double busbar arrangement
Protection channel
Protection channel
PCS-902 PCS-902 PCS-902 PCS-902
Transmission Line
CB CB
www.nrelect.com 3
Typical Application
• One and a half circuit breaker scheme
Panel 1 Panel 1
Panel 1 Panel 1
PCS-921 Protection Chanel PCS-921
PCS-902 PCS-902
PCS-902 PCS-902
CB CB
Panel 1 Panel 1
PCS-921 PCS-921
CB CB
Panel 1 Panel 1
Panel 1 Panel 1
PCS-902 PCS-902
www.nrelect.com 4
Hardware
• Front View
LED indicator
PCS-902
HEALTHY LINE DISTANCE RELAY
ALARM
TRIPPING
C GRP
ENT
ES
Testing port
2010-06-08 18:00:02
P
Ia 0.00A
GR
Ib 0.00A
Ic 0.00A
3Io 0.02A
C
Ua 0.00V
ES
Ub 0.00V
Uc 0.00V
3Uo 0.00V
UB1 0.00V
UL2 0.00V
UB2 0.00V
F_line 50.00Hz
Addr 12345 Group 01
www.nrelect.com 5
Hardware
• Rear View
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
1 5V OK ALM
TX
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
RX
2
1 BO_COM1
DANGER 2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
www.nrelect.com 6
Hardware
• PWR module
- DC input voltage: 88-300Vdc No. Description
01 BO_COM1
02 BO_FAIL
03 BO_ALM
04 BO_COM2
05 BO_FAIL
06 BO_ALM
07 OPT+
08 OPT‐
09
10 PWR+
11 PWR‐
12 GND
www.nrelect.com 7
Hardware
• MON module
www.nrelect.com 8
Hardware
• AI module
www.nrelect.com 9
Hardware
• CH module
Transmission
NR1213 NR1213 NR1214 NR1214 Type Wavelength
distance
TX TX TX TX
Single-mode
NR1213A 1310nm
RX RX RX RX <40km
Single-mode
TX TX NR1213A-100 1550nm
<100km
RX RX
Single-mode
NR1213B 1310nm
<40km
Single-mode
NR1213B-100 1550nm
<100km
Multi-mode
NR1214A 830nm
<2km
Multi-mode
NR1214B 830nm
<2km
www.nrelect.com 12
Hardware
PCS-900 hardware platform
www.nrelect.com 13
Hardware
• 24 samples per cycle, all tasks are done within one
sampling period
• 1024 statues change records, 1024 self-supervision
records, 1024 operating records
• 32 disturbance waveforms (COMTRADE file)
www.nrelect.com 14
Principles of protection
• Protection program flow chart
Main Program
Sampling Program
FD
Pickup?
Fault Calculation
Regular Program
Program
www.nrelect.com 15
Principles of protection
• PCS-902 protection functional diagram
www.nrelect.com 16
Principles of protection
• Disadvantage of time-stepped protection
- Zone 1 protection can not be set cover the whole length of T.L.
Z2
Z1
M N
Z1
Z2
www.nrelect.com 17
Principles of protection
• Pilot protection scheme
Signal Receive
≥1 Trip
Protection Element
DTT Scheme
www.nrelect.com 18
Principles of protection
• Pilot Distance Protection(POTT)
www.nrelect.com 19
Principles of protection
• Pilot Distance Protection(PUTT)
www.nrelect.com 20
Principles of protection
• Pilot Distance Protection(Blocking)
f
f f
M N P
ES ER
F
Z_pilot: √ Z_pilot x Z_pilot: √ Z_pilot: √
ZPilot
N P
ZPilot
FD
& Send
1 Channel
Receive
≥1
2 0
& Td Trip
& 5
& 4
Z_pilot
3 www.nrelect.com 21
Principles of protection
• Directional earth fault protection (DEF)
f1
f f2
M N P
ES ER
F
DEF_pilot: √ DEF_pilot: x DEF_pilot: √ DEF_pilot:√
FWD_DEF_pilot REV_DEF_pilot
N P
REV_DEF_pilot FWD_DEF_pilot
FD
& Send
FDW_DEF_Pilot Channel
2 Receive
&
REV_DEF_Pilot 1 t
FWD_ROC
& FWD_DEF_Pilot
3I0>[85.DEF.3I0_Set]
REV_ROC
& REV_DEF_Pilot
FD.ROC.Pkp
www.nrelect.com 23
Principles of protection
• Zero-sequence power direction element
- Zero sequence power value
P0 3U 0 3I 0 cos( RCA)
- Forward direction
P0<-0.1In VA
- Reverse direction
P0>0
www.nrelect.com 24
Principles of protection
• CB echo
Relay will initiate sending a pulse of 200ms permissive signal when
signal receive condition is met during CB is in open position
www.nrelect.com 25
Principles of protection
• Operation signal from other protection
- Operation signal from other protection initiates sending permissive
signal for 150ms
87B
ExTrip
EM M N EN
F
www.nrelect.com 26
Principles of protection
• Current reversal
www.nrelect.com 27
Principles of protection
• Current reversal
www.nrelect.com 28
Principles of protection
• The solution of current reversal
- Receiving permissive signal and forward element does not pickup for
[85.t_DPU_CR1]
www.nrelect.com 29
Principles of protection
• Weak infeed
FD does not pick up
1. phase or phase to phase voltage less than [85.U_UV_WI]
FD picks up
1. forward and reverse elements do not pick up
www.nrelect.com 30
Principles of protection
Time-stepped Distance Element
• 3 forward zone and 1 reverse zone
www.nrelect.com 31
Principles of protection
• Positive sequence polarized voltage distance protection
Phase to phase fault
Z set
R
O
Z set
R
1
Zs O
2
Forward fault Reverse fault
www.nrelect.com 32
Principles of protection
• Positive sequence polarized voltage distance protection
Phase to ground fault
U op U I Z set
U p U1 jx jx
U op
90 arg
90 KZ R
U p
Z set
R
O
Z set
R
KZs O
www.nrelect.com 34
Principles of protection
• Quadrilateral distance element
jX jX
Rset
Zset
θ
β O R
R
O β O
θ
Rset
Zset
www.nrelect.com 35
Principles of protection
• Load encroachment
www.nrelect.com 36
Principles of protection
• Phase overcurrent protection
- 4 stages phase overcurrent protection
www.nrelect.com 37
Principles of protection
• Inverse-time curve parameters
Setting Standard Time Characteristic k α C
1 IEC Standard inverse 0.14 0.02 0
2 IEC Very inverse 13.5 1 0
3 IEC Extremely inverse 80 2 0
4 IEC Short time inverse 0.05 0.04 0
5 IEC Long time inverse 120 1 0
6 IEEE(ANSI) Extremely inverse 28.2 2 0.1217
7 IEEE(ANSI) Very inverse 19.61 2 0.491
8 IEEE(ANSI) Inverse 0.0086 0.02 0.0185
9 IEEE(ANSI) Moderately inverse 0.0515 0.02 0.114
10 IEEE(ANSI) Long time extremely inverse 64.07 2 0.25
11 IEEE(ANSI) Long time very inverse 28.55 2 0.712
12 IEEE(ANSI) Long time inverse 0.086 0.02 0.185
13 User programmable www.nrelect.com 38
Principles of protection
• Earth fault protection
- 4 stages earth fault protection
www.nrelect.com 39
Principles of protection
• Residual current SOTF protection
- Enabled for 400ms when the circuit is energized either manually or
via an auto-reclosing system
www.nrelect.com 40
Principles of protection
• Breaker failure protection
Stage 1 trip local circuit break and stage 2 trip adjacent circuit
breakers
www.nrelect.com 41
Principles of protection
• Auto reclosing
Transient fault, semi-transient fault, permanent fault
www.nrelect.com 42
Principles of protection
• Auto-reclosing initiation
AR initiated by protection
www.nrelect.com 43
Principles of protection
AR initiated by CB state
www.nrelect.com 44
Principles of protection
AR initiated by CB state
SIG En_CBInitAR
SIG AR Ready
SIG En_3PAR
≥1
SIG En_1/3P_AR
www.nrelect.com 45
Principles of protection
• Auto-reclosing time sequence for transient fault
Fault
Protection
CB Pos.
AR ready
AR active
AR Initiation
AR inprogress
Dead time
Reclaim time
79.Ok_Chk
www.nrelect.com 46
Principles of protection
• Auto reclosing time sequence for permanent fault
Fault
Protection
CB Pos.
AR ready
AR active
AR Initiation
AR inprogress
Dead time
Reclaim time
79.Ok_Chk
www.nrelect.com 47
Principles of protection
VT failure supervision
• one-phase or two-phase VT circuit failure
① Ua+Ub+Uc>0.08Un
① Ua+Ub+Uc<0.08Un
② 3U1<Un
www.nrelect.com 48
Principles of protection
VT failure supervision
• three-phase line VT circuit failure
① Ua+Ub+Uc<0.08Un
② 3U1<Un
www.nrelect.com 49
Principles of protection
CT circuit failure supervision
• With calculated zero-sequence current but without zero-sequence
voltage, TA alarm will be issued after 10s
www.nrelect.com 50
Communication
• Dedicated fiber optical channel mode
www.nrelect.com 51
Communication
• Multiplex 2Mbit/s channel mode
www.nrelect.com 52
Communication
• Ethernet communication
www.nrelect.com 53
Thanks for Your Attention!
www.nrelect.com
Version 2012
Copyright 2012 NR Electric Co., Ltd. All rights reserved