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Web Testing tools Selenium RC and WebDriver are consolidated in single tool in
Selenium 2.0
Selenium 3.0 is the latest version of Selenium. It has released 2 beta versions of
selenium 3.0 with few of the below changes:
Here are few new features added to Selenium 3.0
It will support for Firefox Via Grid fixes NPE’s on registration when -browser not
Mozilla’s geckodriver specified
Support for Edge is provided Update GeckoDriver –port argument in all bindings
by MS
It now supports Safari on
MacOS via Apple’s own Safari
driver
ID
Name
Tag
Attribute
CSS
Linktext
PartialLink Text
Xpath etc
b) Regression
For post release validation with continuous integration automation tool could be
used
a) Jenkins
b) Hudson
c) Quick Build
d) CruiseCont
6) Explain what is assertion in Selenium and what are the types of assertion?
Assertion is used as a verification point. It verifies that the state of the application
conforms to what is expected. The types of assertion are “assert” , “verify” and
“waifFor”.
X-Path is used to find the WebElement in web pages. It is also useful in identifying
the dynamic elements.
8) Explain the difference between single and double slash in X-path? Single
slash ‘/ ’
9) List out the technical challenges with Selenium? Technical challenges with
Selenium are
TypeKeys() will trigger JavaScript event in most of the cases whereas .type() won’t.
Type key populates the value attribute using JavaScript whereas .typekeys()
emulates like actual user typing
Assert: Assert allows to check whether an element is on the page or not. The test
will stop on the step failed, if the asserted element is not available. In other words,
the test will terminated at the point where check fails.
Verify: Verify command will check whether the element is on the page, if it is not
then the test will carry on executing. In verification, all the commands are going to
run guaranteed even if any of test fails.
12) What is JUnit Annotations and what are different types of annotations
which are useful ?
In JAVA a special form of syntactic meta-data can be added to Java source code,
this is know as Annotations. Variables, parameters, packages, methods and
classes are annotated some of the Junit annotations which can be useful are
Test
Before
After
Ignore
BeforeClass
AfterClass
RunWith
13) While using click command can you use screen coordinate?
16) What are the four parameter you have to pass in Selenium? Four
parameters that you have to pass in Selenium are
Host
Port Number
Browser
URL
Thread.sleep () : It will stop the current (java) thread for the specified period of
time. Its done only once
SetSpeed () : For specific amount of time it will stop the execution for every
selenium command.
This command is useful for demonstration purpose or if you are using a slow web
application
18) What is same origin policy? How you can avoid same origin policy?
The “Same Origin Policy” is introduced for security reason, and it ensures that
content of your site will never be accessible by a script from another site. As per the
policy, any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website’s
domain.
To avoid “Same Origin Policy” proxy injection method is used, in proxy injection
mode the Selenium Server acts as a client configured HTTP proxy , which sits
between the browser and application under test and then masks the AUT under a
fictional URL
element.submit () ;
Alternatively you can use click method on the element which does form submission
21) What are the features of TestNG and list some of the functionality in
TestNG which makes it more effective?
TestNG is a testing framework based on JUnit and NUnit to simplify a broad range
of testing needs, from Unit Testing to Integration Testing. And the functionality which
makes it efficient testing framework are
22) Mention what is the difference between Implicit wait and Explicit wait?
Implicit Wait: Sets a timeout for all successive Web Element searches. For the
specified amount of time it will try looking for element again and again before
throwing a NoSuchElementException. It waits for elements to show up.
Explicit Wait : It is a one-timer, used for a particular search.
23) Which attribute you should consider throughout the script in frame for “if
no frame Id as well as no frame name”?
You will ned to switch to each and every frame and search for locator which we
want.
24) Explain what is the difference between find elements () and find element ()
?
It finds the first element within the current page using the given “locating
mechanism”. It returns a single WebElement
findElements () : Using the given “locating mechanism” find all the elements within
the current page. It returns a list of web elements.
25) Explain what are the JUnits annotation linked with Selenium?
@Before public void method() – It will perform the method () before each test,
this method can prepare the test
@Test public void method() – Annotations @Test identifies that this method is
a test method environment
@After public void method()- To execute a method before this annotation is
used, test method must start with test@Before
Datadriven framework: In this framework, the test data is separated and kept
outside the Test Scripts, while Test Case logic resides in Test Scripts. Test data is
read from the external files ( Excel Files) and are loaded into the variables inside the
Test Script. Variables are used for both for input values and for verification values.
27) Explain how you can login into any site if it’s showing any authentication
popup for password and username?
Syntax-http://username:password@url
ex- http://creyate:tom@www.gmail.com
WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.id(“ElementID”))
29) Explain what is the difference between Borland Silk and Selenium?
Borland Silk test is not a free Selenium is completely free test automation tool
testing tool
Silk test supports only Internet Selenium supports many browsers like Internet
Explorer and Firefox Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera and so on
Silk test uses test scripting Selenium suite has the flexibility to use many
language languages like Java, Ruby,Perl and so on
Silk test can be used for client Selenium can be used for only web application
server applications
30) What is Object Repository ?
Selenium Grid sent the tests to the hub. These tests are redirected to Selenium
Webdriver, which launch the browser and run the test. With entire test suite, it
allows for running tests in parallel.
Yes. But not as effectively as a dedicated Performance Testing tool like Loadrunner.
If you are using Selenium-WebDriver, you don’t need the Selenium Server as
it is using totally different technology
Selenium Server provides Selenium RC functionality which is used for
Selenium 1.0 backwards compatibility
Selenium Web driver makes direct calls to browser using each browsers
native support for automation, while Selenium RC requires selenium server to
inject Javascript into the browser
34) Mention what are the capabilities of Selenium WebDriver or Selenium 2.0
?
Handling multiple frames, pop ups , multiple browser windows and alerts
Page navigation and drag & drop
Ajax based UI elements
Multi browser testing including improved functionality for browser not well
supported by Selenium 1.0
Major limitation of injecting capabilities is that “findElement” command may not work
as expected.
36) Explain how you can find broken images in a page using Selenium Web
driver ?
Get XPath and get all the links in the page using tag name
In the page click on each and every link
Look for 404/500 in the target page title
38) Using web driver how you can store a value which is text box?
You can use following command to store a value which is text box using web driver
WebDriverException
NoAlertPresentException
NoSuchWindowException
NoSuchElementException
TimeoutException
41) Explain using Webdriver how you can perform double click ?
You can use “type”command to type in a file input box of upload file. Then, you have
to use “Robot” class in JAVA to make file upload work.
44) Explain how you can handle frames using Selenium 2.0 ?
To bring control on HTML frame you can use “SwitchTo” frame method-
driver.switchTo().frame(“frameName”);
driver.switchTo().frame(“parentFrame.4.frameName”);
This would bring control on frame named- “frameName” of the 4th sub frame names
“parentFrame”
getwindowhandles(): It is used to get the address of all the open browser and its
return type is Set<String>
getwindowhandle(): It is used to get the address of the current browser where the
control is and return type is string
Syntax-driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
48) What is the command that is used in order to display the values of a
variable into the output console or log?
Above is using PHP. If you are using Java, replace echo with System.out.println
49) Explain how you can use recovery scenario with Selenium?
Recovery scenarios depends upon the programming language you use. If you are
using Java then you can use exception handling to overcome same. By using “Try
Catch Block” within your Selenium WebDriver Java tests
To iterate through options in test script you can loop features of the programming
language, for example to type different test data in a text box you can use “for” loop
in Java
51) How can you prepare customized html report using TestNG in hybrid
framework ?
52) From your test script how you can create html test report?
TestNG: Using inbuilt default.html to get the HTML report. Also XLST reports
from ANT, Selenium, TestNG combination
JUnit: With the help of ANT
Using our own customized reports using XSL jar for converting XML content
to HTML
53) Explain how you can insert a break point in Selenium IDE ?
Select “Toggle break point” by right click on the command in Selenium IDE
Press “B” on the keyboard and select the command in Selenium IDE
Multiple break points can be set in Selenium IDE
54) Explain in Selenium IDE how can you debug the tests?
Insert a break point from the location from where you want to execute test
step by step
Run the test case
At the given break point execution will be paused
To continue with the next statement click on the blue button
Click on the “Run” button to continue executing all the commands at a time
Selenese is a selenium set of command which are used for running the test
Actions: It is used for performing the operations and interactions with the
target elements
Assertions: It is used as a check points
Accessors: It is used for storing the values in a variable
58) In selenium IDE what are the element locators that can be used to locate
elements on web page?
X-path locators
Css locators
Html id
Html name
59) In Selenium IDE how you can generate random numbers and dates for test
data ?
In Selenium IDE you can generate random numbers by using Java Script
type
css=input#s
javascript{Math.random()}
And for
type
css=input#s
javascript{new Date()}
60) How you can convert any Selenium IDE tests from Selenese to another
language?
You can use the format option of Selenium IDE to convert tests into another
programming language
61) Using Selenium IDE is it possible to get data from a particular html table
cell ?
storeTable
Css=#table 0.2
textFromCell
When a locator has changed and Selenium IDE cannot locate the element
When element Selenium IDE waiting to access did not appear on the web
page and the operation timed out
When element Selenium IDE was trying to access was not created
63) Explain how you can debug the tests in Selenium IDE ?
Insert a break point from the location where you want to execute step by step
Run the test case
At the given break point execution will be paused
To continues with the next step click on the Blue button
To run commands at a time click on run button
64) From Selenium IDE how you can execute a single line?
From Selenium IDE single line command can be executed in two ways
65) In which format does source view shows your script in Selenium IDE ?
66) Explain how you can insert a start point in Selenium IDE?
In two ways selenium IDE can be set
Press “S” key on the keyboard and select the command in Selenium IDE
In Seleniun IDE right click on the command and the select “Set / Clear Start
Point”
67) What if you have written your own element locator and how would you
test it?
To test the locator one can use “Find Button” of Selenium IDE, as you click on it, you
would see on screen an element being highlighted provided your element locator is
right or or else an error message will be displayed
68) What is regular expressions? How you can use regular expressions in
Selenium ?
A regular expression is a special text string used for describing a search pattern. In
Selenium IDE regular expression can be used with the keyword- regexp: as a prefix
to the value and patterns needs to be included for the expected values.
70) How will you handle working with multiple windows in Selenium ?
71) How will you verify the specific position of an web element
You can use the storeAlert command which will fetch the message of the alert pop
up and store it in a variable.
Selenium IDE does not directly support many functions like condition statements,
Iteration, logging and reporting of test results, unexpected error handling and so on
as IDE supports only HTML language. To handle such issues Selenium RC is
used it supports the language like Perl, Ruby, Python, PHP using these languages
we can write the program to achieve the IDE issues.
Advantages of RC are
77) Explain what is framework and what are the frameworks available in RC?
A collection of libraries and classes is known as Framework and they are helpful
when testers has to automate test cases. NUnit, JUnit, TestNG, Bromine, RSpec,
unittest are some of the frameworks available in RC .
Apart from “same origin policy” restriction from js, Selenium is also restricted from
exercising anything that is outside browser.
80) Can we use Selenium RC to drive tests on two different browsers on one
operating system without Selenium Grid?
Yes, it is possible when you are not using JAVA testing framework. Instead of using
Java testing framework if you are using java client driver of selenium then TestNG
allows you to do this. By using “parallel=test” attribute you can set tests to be
executed in parallel and can define two different tests, each using different browser.
If you want full automation against different server and client platforms, You need a
way to invoke the tests from a command line process, reports that tells you what
happened and flexibility in how you create your test suites. TestNG gives that
flexibility.
82) Explain how you can capture server side log Selenium Server?
To capture server side log in Selenium Server, you can use command
83) Other than the default port 4444 how you can run Selenium Server?
You can run Selenium server on java-jar selenium-server.jar-port other than its
default port
84) How Selenium grid hub keeps in touch with RC slave machine?
At predefined time selenium grid hub keeps polling all RC slaves to make sure it is
available for testing. The deciding parameter is called
“remoteControlPollingIntervalSeconds” and is defined in “grid_configuration.yml”file
86) To enter values onto text boxes what is the command that can be used?
isElementPresent(String locator)
Few points that favor Python over Java to use with Selenium is,
90) Mention what are the challenges in Handling Ajax Call in Selenium
Webdriver?
Using "pause" command for handling Ajax call is not completely reliable. Long
pause time makes the test unacceptably slow and increases the testing time.
Instead, "waitforcondition" will be more helpful in testing Ajax applications.
It is difficult to assess the risk associated with particular Ajax applications
Given full freedom to developers to modify Ajax application makes the testing
process challenging
Creating automated test request may be difficult for testing tools as such
AJAX application often use different encoding or serialization technique to
submit POST data.
In Selenium WebDriver, Listeners "listen" to the event defined in the selenium script
and behave accordingly. It allows customizing TestNG reports or logs. There are two
main listeners i.e. WebDriver Listeners and TestNG Listeners.
IAnnotationTransformer
IAnnotationTransformer2
IConfigurable
IConfigurationListener
IExecutionListener
IHookable
IInvokedMethodListener
IInvokedMethodListener2
IMethodInterceptor
IReporter
ISuiteListener
ITestListener
The desired capability is a series of key/value pairs that stores the browser
properties like browser name, browser version, the path of the browser driver in the
system, etc. to determine the behavior of the browser at run time.
For Selenium,
It can be used to configure the driver instance of Selenium WebDriver.
When you want to run the test cases on a different browser with different
operating systems and versions.
For Database Testing in Selenium Webdriver, you need JDBC (Java Database
Connectivity) API. It allows you to execute SQL statements.
99) Mention why do you need Session Handling while working with Selenium?
While working with Selenium, you need Session Handling. This is because, during
test execution, the Selenium WebDriver has to interact with the browser all the time
to execute given commands. At the time of execution, it is also possible that, before
current execution completes, someone else starts execution of another script, in the
same machine and in the same type of browser. So to avoid such situation you need
Session Handling.
100) Mention what are the advantages of Using Git Hub For Selenium?
Multiple people when they work on the same project they can update project
details and inform other team members simultaneously.
Jenkins can help you to build the project from the remote repository regularly.
This helps you to keep track of failed builds.