TIME CLUES PATTERN EXAMPLE

As soon as I did I did As soon as the chaiman arrived the meeting

started.
Soon after

Only after

The moment

So far I have done So far I have written three books.

Recently

Until today/now

When I did I did When I saw him He didn’t say anything

I was doing I did When he was doing the assignment, the lamp
went out

I did I had done When we reached the station, the train had
left.

Before I did I had done Before she dicided to run own business, she
had worked for many different Corporations.

After I had done I did After he had completed his study, he got a
good job.

Since Since I did I have done Since I entered STAN I have met lots of
important people.

Now, at the I am doing Our country now is importing rice from

moment, Vietname, Thailand and India

While I was doing I was doing We were studing English while others were
studying micro economics

It is I will do It is expected that I will take a post graduate

expected/hoped course abroad

By By I do I will have done By the time I complete my study, I will have

been ready to work.

By tomorrow at twelve, I will have handed in

my academic assignment.
 For... I have done Although I have learned English for couple of
years my English hasn’t improved yet.

TENSES (exercise)

1. It is true that to become an industrialised country, Indonesia (lack)_LACKS___ skilled

workers as until today the budget allocated to education (be)__HAS BEEN__ insufficient.
2. This report (show)__SHOWS__ that air pollution (reach)__HAS REACHED__ a dangerous
level;therefore, the authorities (now, take) ____immediate measures to overcome the
problem.
3. Since the world bank (extend)____ loans for educational projects in 1963, developing
countries (be challenged) ____to improve the quality of their work-force.
4. So far ASEAN countries (integrate) ____their economic activities for more than 15 years, but
the integration (not yield) ____a significant result.
5. The World Bank (act) ____as one of the major channels through which development aid (be
passed) ____from the industrial west to the developing countries of the world.
6. Anti-nuclear groups throughout Europe at this moment (intensify) ____their campaigns
against those who (produce) ____nuclear weapons. (v-ing =sedang, v-ed +telah, v1 = sedang
dan telah)
7. Modern computers (affect) ____the business world in many ways since the time they (be
used) ____for the processing of payrolls.
8. It is expected that our sales (increase) _____this year as the result of the new method of
production that (be applied) _____for one year.
9. Whenever our country (heavily, be burdened) ____ with liabilities, many second priorities
projects (be cancelled) ______
10. To overcome depletion of oil resources, the government (call) ____for foreign investors to
extract oil from off-shore wells so that no oil crisis (happen)____ in the future.
11. Insurance policies (protect) _____ customers from various incidents; however, among
Indonesian, insurance (so far, not be)____ popular yet as it is in other countries.
12. By giving soft loans, the government (now, try) ____ to make home industries produce
goods which (be) _____ for a long time in high demand in foreign countries.
13. In the near future the government (establish) ____ a nuclear station which (generate) ____
power for industries.
14. Since the oil crisis (occur)___in the 1970s, many efforts (be made)____ to find suitable
alternative of oil.
15. The implementation of a new method of production in the factory (result) ____ in the
company’s greater capacity to meet the demand which (come) ____ from other countries.
16. Since the village (be flooded) ____varioaus contaminating diseases (spread) ____among
local people. Therefore, last month, the medical faculty in collaboration with the faculty of
public health (send)____ volunteers to relieve the burden of these people. While the
 volunteers (treat) ____local people, some foreign observers working for foreign NGOs (help)
____the volunteers to distribute medicines requeired for the treatment.
17. It is expected that by the time the training (be completed) _____the employees (be ready)
_____to work.
Exercise 1 (tenses)
Change the following verbs in brackets with the appropriate forms. (past tense)
1. We (be) __WERE__ very unfortunate last year, when our business (flourish)
__FLOURISHED_ , the tax rate (be raised) __HAD RAISED__.
2. He (forget) _HAD FORGOTTEN__ to sign the necessary papers before he (go) _went__ to
the Bangkok seminar.
3. He found out that his line (be cut off) _was cut off___ as he (not pay) __had not paid_
the bill for several months.
4. A week ago, cars (be, not allowed) _WERE NOT ALLOWED__ to pass through that
highway because it (be repaired) __HAD BEEN REPAIRED__.
5. The project manager said that he (need) __NEEDS__ more industrial engineers for this
new project.
6. Yesterday, when I (arrive) _ARRIVED__ the meeting (start) _STARTED__ and the
chairman (write) __WROTE_ a work program for the following session.
7. I didn’t want to see any customers, so when one (come) _CAME__ , I (leave) _LEFT__
from the back door.
8. The cabinet meeting (start) __STARTED__ only after the president (arrive) _ARRIVED___.
9. As the customer (not, pay off) __DIDN’T PAY OFF__ his loan, the bank (foreclose)
__FORECLOSED__ on the mortgage.
10. I (admire) __WAS ADMIRING__ some new books at the exhibition yesterday when
somebody (call out) __CALLED OUT__ my name.
11. Last month before the company (decide) __decided__ to import those tractors, two
engineers (be sent) _had sent___ abroad for a training.
12. When I (see) __SAW__ him at the meeting, he (not, say) _DIDN’T SAY___ anything about
the suddent retirement of our manager.
13. The development council (make up) _WAS MAKE UP___ the budget for some regional
projects at the time the government (announce) _WAS ANNOUNCING___ to cancel all
projects.
14. Some students (collect) __WAS COLLECTING__ data for their papers while others (type)
__WERE TYPING__ reports.
15. It (be) _WAS__ years ago that many private banks (go) __WENT__ out of business as a
result of depression.