System

A body system is made up of various types of organs working together perform a main
body function or life process. Each system has primary function.

The functions of the system in the human body are shown in the table below.

System Organ forming Function

system

Skeletal system Skull and bones Maintain the shape of the body, provide
support and protection for the internal
organs and facilitate movement

Excretory system Kidney, skin, lungs Removes wastes from the body

Respiratory Nose, trachea, Supplies oxygen to the body and removes

system lungs,diaphragm carbon dioxide from the body

Nervous system Brain, spinal cord, Coordinates all activities in the body.
nerve fibres Respond to stimuli when the sensory
organs receive impulses from the brain

Digestive system Mouth, oesophagus, Digests and absorbs food for body usage.
stomach, pancreas, The digestive process occurs in the
intestines digestive tract which begins from the
mouth and ends at the anus.

Blood circulatory Heart, blood vessels Carries oxygen and nutrients to the whole
system body. Carries unwanted excretory
materials to the excretory organs to be
disposed from the body

Muscular system Muscles in the body Muscles contracts and relax to enable
body movement.

Reproductive Male - testis, penis Reproduce offspring to continue the

system Female - ovary, generation.
uterus, vagina

Lymphatic system Blood capillaries. To defend the body against disease with
Lymphocytes the the help lymphocytes.

Endocrine system Thyroid gland, sex To produce hormones to control the

organs, pancreas bodyʼs activities and development
Organism
A multicellular organism is made up of several systems working together. Multicellular
organisms have different cells to carry out different kinds of functions. The cells are
organised into tissues; the tissues into organs; the organs into systems and ultimately
the systems into s complex organism.

Cell --> Tissue --> Organ --> System --> Organism

Simple Complex

Note that the cell is the simplest form and the organism is the most complex form.

Human Beings are Complex Organisms

The body is made up of billions of cells. It is a complex organism. Cell specialisation is
very important in complex multicellular organisms like human beings. The process in
which each type of cell is specialised to perform a specific function known as division of
labour. Division of labour among cells, tissues, organs and systems ensures a smooth
and efficient functioning of the human body. The human body is made up of many
systems. Each system is specialised to carry out a certain life process. Although
specialised cells and body system do different work, they all work together. This ensure
that the organism functions efficiently. Humans are different from other organisms
because of the complexity of their brains. The well-developed brain enables human
being to speak, reason, create and perform many specialised functions. Humans are
unique in that we are able to distinguish between right and wrong.

Questions and answers.

1. How are human being different form other animals?

Humans can think and reason. Humans can talk, read and write, invent tools, display
unique emotions and spiritual feelings.

2. How does a human being overcome his biological limitations?

Through the uses of tools, instruments, computers, robots and biotechnology.