Introduction to OCTG

Proprietary Steel Grades in Non-Corrosive Environments

Handout 04
Introduction to OCTG
Proprietary Steel Grades in Non Corrosive Environments – Handout 04

API/ISO steel grades are unable to satisfy the severe demands of drilling in extreme
conditions such as deep and ultra-deep waters, high temperatures and high
pressures, corrosive environments (water, CO2, H2S, acids, and so on) as well as
complex conditions from different types of well completions.

For this reason, “proprietary grades” have been developed by different

manufacturers, which aim to enhance the performance and the mechanical
properties of the pipes.

The grades for Non Corrosive environments are:

• High collapse.
• Deep wells.
• Low temperature.
• High ductility.
• Thermal service.

High collapse grades: they have a higher collapse resistance than those calculated
by the API/ISO formulas. They are used in oil and gas wells in which high external
pressures are anticipated and the collapse resistances from the API/ISO grades are
not enough. The dimensional properties of a high collapse pipes depend on three
factors: the external diameter to wall thickness ratio, the ovality and the
eccentricity. Low ovality, low eccentricity and the maximum wall thickness for the
maximum allowed pipe weight will give the best dimensional conditions for
collapse resistance. The maximum collapse properties of the pipe are obtained
through a strict control of the heat treatment process (to ensure optimum yield
strength distribution) and minimal compressive residual stresses.

Deep well grades: as the depth of the well increases, a combination of higher
pressures and temperatures defines the use of high strength materials. However,
as the yield strength increases, the general trend of carbon steel is to become
more brittle and brittle materials may fail under certain loads, even those below
their actual yield strengths. For this reason, deep well grades have been designed
to achieve high yield strength but keep good ductility and fracture toughness at
the same time.

Low temperature grades: low temperature proprietary steel grades have been
developed for oil and gas wells drilled in very low temperature conditions. For this
particular application highly effective ductility and fracture toughness are required.
When metals do not have adequate impact toughness and they are exposed to
low temperatures, they fail in a brittle manner. Normally as the yield strength
increases, the steel toughness decreases.

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Introduction to OCTG
Proprietary Steel Grades in Non Corrosive Environments – Handout 04

High ductility grades: they provide good performance when plastic deformation is
expected. The typical applications of these products are expandable pipes ranging
from casing patching to monobore completions.

Thermal service grades: these have been designed for applications where thermal
loads are expected to be developed due to working conditions such as the ones
found during the production of heavy oil through Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
(SAGD) or Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS).

These grades are able to evenly accommodate the strains produced by thermal
loads in the string and function in high temperature conditions.

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