(25)

J. Env. Bio-Sci., 2018: Vol. 32 (1): 25-29 ISSN 0973-6913 (Print), ISSN 0976-3384 (On Line)

SURFACE WATER BODIES QUALITY STUDY IN KAITHAL DISTRICT, HARYANA

Anup Kumar1*, Ravi Kaushik2, Ajeet Singh3 and R.S.Hooda3
1
Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC)
Front Office-HARSAC, Panchkula
3
Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC)
CCS HAU Campus, Hisar
2
HARSAC and Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, GJUST, Hisar
[Corresponding author*: anup0106@yahoo.com]

Received: 23-03-2018 Accepted: 07-04-2018

In the present study, an attempt had been made to study chemical quality of surface water bodies in Kaithal district of Haryana.
Samples of 16 water bodies had been collected in double capped plastic bottles and analyzed using Tamilnadu Water Supply and
Drainage Board (TWAD) prepared Field Water Testing Kit for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total
dissolved solids (TDS), fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. The results of chemical analysis of
samples showed that pH ranged 6.5 to 8; alkalinity ranged 70 mg/l to 800 mg/l; hardness 40 mg/l to 800 mg/l; chloride 2 mg/l to
740mg/l; TDS 312 mg/l to 2502 mg/l; fluoride 1 mg/l to 3 mg/l; iron 0.3 mg/l to 3 mg/l; ammonia 0.5 mg/l to 5 mg/l; nitrite 0.2 mg/l to
1 mg/l; nitrate 45 mg/l to 150 mg/l; phosphate 0.5mg/l to 1 mg/l and residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l to 2 mg/l. The results indicated that the
water quality of surface water bodies was not good in all the sampled 16 water bodies in respect of twelve analyzed chemical
parameters especially for drinking purposes.
Key words: Water body, quality, chemical parameters, Kaithal, Haryana

Surface water bodies have multifarious significances at local oceanic origin penetrate into the district.
level like rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, drought
proofing and biodiversity sites. In the present developmental
activities, these water bodies have become sites for waste
water as well as waste dumping. These activities have
deteriorated the quality of the water bodies which further
deteriorated the groundwater quality as well as ill effects on
the living beings especially on animals. Workers like Maity
and Banerjee (2016), Mojtaba et al. (2013), Nikhil Raj and
Azeez (2009), Rai,et al. (2014), Rajamanickam and Nagan
(2016), Sharma, et al. (2015) have done work on quality of
water bodies in different types of terrains.
Fig.1: Location map of study area
STUDY AREA
Kaithal is situated in north-eastern part of Haryana state with The main objective of the present work was to study the
a total geographical area of 2317 sq. km. It is located between chemical quality of surface water bodies in Kaithal district.
29°31' N and 30°12' N latitudes and 76°10'E and 76°42' E
MATERIALS AND METHODS
longitudes (Fig.1). The normal annual rainfall of district is 511
mm which is unevenly distributed in the district. The climate Materials Used: Water sample; Plastic Bottle; Field Water
of the district can be classified as tropical steppe, semi-arid Testing Kit ; Microsoft Office 2007.
and hot, which is mainly dry with very hot summer and cold
winter except during monsoon season, when moist air of

NAAS Rating (2017)-4.43

 KUMAR, KAUSHIK, SINGH AND HOODA (26)

Table 1: Values of different parameters of water analysed

Parameters pH Alkalinity Hardness Chloride T.D.S. Fluoride Iron Ammonia Nitrate Nitrite Phosphate Residual
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Chlorine
Sample
(mg/l)
Location
Mator 8 75 800 740 1938 0 0.3 5 0.2 45 0 0.2
Kalayat 6.5 60 400 60 624 0 0.3 0.5 0.5 75 0 0.2
Batta 8 400 400 330 135 6 0 1 5 0.2 75 1 2
Bidkyar 7 70 160 30 312 0 0 0.5 0.5 75 0 2
Lake
Siwan 8 390 400 50 1008 0 0.3 5 0.5 75 0.5 0.5
Ladana 8 260 240 100 720 0 0.3 3 0.5 45 0 0.5
Chakku
Kushal 8 560 250 180 1188 0 1 5 0.5 45 0.5 0.2
Majra
Bhagal 7.5 400 400 250 1260 0 0.3 5 0.5 75 0 0.2
Gyong 7.5 540 280 200 1224 1 0.3 5 0.2 75 0 0
Pharal 7 300 250 110 792 0 2 1 0.5 150 0 0
Pundri 7.5 190 190 40 504 0 0.3 5 0.2 150 0 0.2
Karora 8 800 800 500 2520 1.5 2 5 0 45 0 1
Rajound 7.5 400 400 300 1320 0 0.3 5 0.5 75 0 1
Jakh auli 7.5 700 650 400 2100 0 0.3 5 1 100 0 0.2
Ghaggar 8.5 420 450 100 1164 3 3 5 0.2 45 0 0.5
River
Waterlogged 6.5 300 40 2 410.4 2 0 0.5 0.5 45 0 0
Area
Methodology: Samples from 16 surface water bodies were collected during field visit in double capped plastic bottles. Samples
were analysed for 12 chemical parameters namely-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, TDS, fluoride, iron, ammonia, nitrate,
nitrite, phosphate and residual chlorine (Table 1). Chemical analysis results were compared with BIS drinking water standards
(Table 2).

Table 2: Drinking water parameters BIS (IS-10500:2012)

Characteristic / Constituent Potable Non-Potable

Desirable Permissible
pH 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation --
Total Hardness (CaCo3) mg/l < 200 200-600 > 600
Iron (Fe) mg/l < 0.3 No relaxation --
Chlorides (Cl) mg/l < 250 250-1000 > 1000
Total Dissolved solids (TDS) mg/l < 500 500-2000 > 2000
Nitrate (NO 3) mg/l < 45 No relaxation --
Fluoride (F) mg/l < 1.0 1.0-1.5 > 1.5
Alkalinity mg/l < 200 200-600 > 600
Ammonia mg/l <0.5 No relaxation --
Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 1 >1.0
(27) SURFACE WATER BODIES QUALITY STUDY IN KAITHAL DISTRICT, HARYANA

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION villages ponds have non-potable limit (>600mg/l) of hardness.
(Tables 1, 2 and Fig.4).
i. pH: Ghaggar river has pH of 8.5; whereas Mator, Batta,
Siwan, Ladana Chakku, Kushal Majra and Karora villages ponds
have a pH 8; Bhaggal, Gyong, Pundri, Rajound and Jakhauli
village ponds have pH of 7.5; Pharal village pond and Bidkyar
lake (Kaithal city) have pH of 7 and Kalayat village pond and
waterlogged area have pH of 6.5. All the water bodies have pH
under desirable limit (6.5 to 8.5). (Tables 1, 2 and Fig.2).

Fig.4: Hardness in water bodies

iv. Chloride: The values of chlorides has been given in Table

1. Waterlogged area has no chloride. Ghaggar river, Bidkyar
lake, Kushal Majra, Bhagal, Gyong, Ladana Chakku, Kalayat,
Fig.2: pH of water bodies Siwan, Pharal and Pundri villages ponds have desirable limit
(<250 mg/l) and Mator, Karora, Jakhauli, Batta and Rajound
ii. Alkalinity: The alkalinity of water samples collected from
villages ponds have under permissible limit (250-1000mg/l).
different water bodies of study site ranged between 60mg/l to
(Tables 1, 2 and Fig.5).
700 mg/l. Bidkyar lake and Pundri, Mator and Kalayat villages
ponds have alkalinity under desirable limit (<200mg/l).
Remaining water bodies have permissible limit (200-600mg/l)
except Karora and Jakhauli village ponds having non-potable
limit (>600mg/l) of alkalinity (Tables 1, 2 and Fig.3).

Fig.5: Chloride in water bodies

v. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): The values of TDS obtained

Fig.3: Alkalinity in water bodies
iii. Hardness: Hardness of water samples ranged between 40
mg/l to 650 mg/l. Bidkyar lake, Pundri village pond and
waterlogged area have desirable limit (<200mg/l) and Ghaggar
river, Kalayat, Batta, Siwan, Bhagal, Rajound, Ladana Chakku,
Kushal Majra, Gyong and Pharal villages ponds have
permissible limit (200-600mg/l) and Mator, Jakhauli and Karora
have been presented in Table 1, which ranged between 410.4
to 2520mg/l. Bidkyar lake and waterlogged area have desirable
limit (<500mg/l) and Ghaggar river, Mator, Kalayat, Batta,
Siwan, Ladana Chakku, Kushal Majra, Bhagal, Gyong, Pharal,
Pundri and Rajound villages ponds have permissible limit (500-
2000mg/l) and Karora and Jakhauli villages ponds have TDS
under non-potable limit (>2000mg/l). (Tables 1, 2 and Fig.6).
 KUMAR, KAUSHIK, SINGH AND HOODA
Fig.6: Total Dissolved Solids in water bodies
vi. Fluoride: Ghaggar river and waterlogged area have fluoride
3 mg/l and 2 mg/l respectively. Gyong village pond has fluoride
1mg/l. Karora village pond has 1.5 mg/l fluoride. Remaining
water bodies have no fluoride. Ghaggar river and waterlogged
area have non-potable limit of fluoride (>1.5mg/l) (Tables 1, 2
and Fig.7).
Fig.7: Fluoride in water bodies
vii. Iron: Ghaggar river has iron concentration 3 mg/l. Pharal,
Karora, Batta and Kushal Majra villages ponds have iron 2
mg/l, 2 mg/l, 1 mg/l and 1 mg/l respectively. Mator, Kalayat,
Siwan, Ladana Chakku, Bhagal, Gyong, Pundri, Rajound and
Jakhauli villages ponds have iron 0.3 mg/l. Bidkyar lake and
waterlogged area has no iron. Bidkyar lake, waterlogged area
and Mator, Kalayat, Siwan, Ladana Chakku, Bhagal, Gyong,
Pundri, Rajound and Jakhauli villages ponds have desirable
limit of iron (< 0.3 mg/l). Ghaggar river, Pharal, Karora, Batta,
and Kushal Majra villages ponds have non-potable limit (>
0.3mg/l) of iron (Tables 1, 2 and Fig.8).
(28)
Fig.8: Iron in water bodies
viii. Ammonia: Ghaggar river, Mator, Batta, Siwan, Kushal
Majra, Bhagal, Gyong, Pundri, Karora, Rajound, and Jakhauli
villages ponds have ammonia 5 mg/l. Ladana Chakku and
Pharal villages ponds have ammonia 3 mg/l and 1 mg/l
respectively. Bidkyar lake, waterlogged area and Kalayat village
pond have ammonia 0.5 mg/l which falls under desirable limit
(< 0.5 mg/l). Ghaggar river, Mator, Batta, Siwan, Ladana
Chakku, Kushal Majra, Bhagal, Gyong, Pharal, Pundri, Karora,
Rajound and Jakhauli villages ponds have non-potable limit of
ammonia (> 0.5 mg/l). (Tables 1, 2 and Fig.9).
Fig.9: Ammonia in water bodies
ix.Nitrate: Values of concentration of Nitrate have been
presented in Table 2. Ghaggar River, waterlogged area, Mator,
Ladana Chakku, Kushal Majra and Karora villages ponds have
desirable limit (<45 mg/l) of nitrate. Bidkyar lake, Kalayat,
Batta, Siwan, Bhagal, Gyong, Pharal, Pundri, Rajound, and
Jakhauli villages ponds have non-potable limit of nitrate (Tables
1, 2 and Fig.10).
(29) SURFACE WATER BODIES QUALITY STUDY IN KAITHAL DISTRICT, HARYANA

xii. Residual Chlorine: Batta village pond and Bidkyar lake

have residual chlorine 2 mg/l which falls under non-potable
(>1mg/l) limit of drinking water. Karora and Rajound villages
ponds have 1 mg/l residual chlorine. Ghaggar river, Siwan and
Ladana Chakku villages ponds have residual chlorine 0.5 mg/
l. Mator, Kalayat, Kushal Majra, Bhagal, Pundri, Jakhauli
villages ponds have residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l which falls under
desirable limit of drinking water. Gyong, Pharal villages ponds
and waterlogged area have no residual chlorine (Tables 1, 2
and Fig. 13).
Fig.10: Nitrate in water bodies
x.Nitrite: Jakhauli village pond has highest concentration of
nitrite (1 mg/l). Bidkyar lake, waterlogged area, Kalayat, Siwan,
Ladana Chakku, Kushal Majra, Bhagal, Pharal and Rajound
villages ponds have nitrite 0.5 mg/l. Ghaggar river and Mator,
Batta, Gyong, Pundri villages ponds have nitrite 0.2 mg/l. Karora
village pond has no nitrite. All the water bodies have desirable
limit of nitrite (<1mg/l). (Tables 1, 2 and Fig.11).

Fig.13: Residual Chlorine in sampled water bodies

In all the 16 sampled water bodies, pH, nitrite and phosphate
fall under desirable limit of drinking water standards; alkalinity,
hardness, TDS, fluoride and residual chlorine fall under
desirable, permissible and non-potable limit of drinking water
standards; iron, ammonia and nitrate fall under desirable and
non-potable limit of drinking water standards and chloride falls
under desirable and permissible limit of drinking water
standards. The study is highly useful for planning and
conservation measures of water bodies in the study area.
Fig.11: Nitrite in water bodies
REFERENCES
xi.Phosphate: All the water bodies have phosphate under
1. Indian Standard (IS) 10500: (2012). Drinking Water - Specification
desirable limit (<1mg/l). (Tables 1, 2 and Fig.12). (Second Revision) by Bureau of Indian Standards, 2.
2. Maity, Moumita and Banerjee, Rajarshi (2016). Physico-chemical
and microbiological study of some water bodies in two economically
important cities. Int. Jour. Water Res., 6(1):20-25.
3 Mojtaba Zamani, Amir Sadoddin and Arash Zare Garizi (2013).
Assessing Land Cover/ Land Use Change and its Impacts on Surface
W ater Quality in the Ziarat Catchment, Golestan Province-Iran.
Hydrol. Curr. Res. 4: 159, DOI: 10.4172/2157-7587.1000159.
4. Nikhil Raj and Azeez, P. A. (2009). Spatial and temporal variation in
surface water chemistry of a tropical river, the river Bharathapuzha,
India. Curr. Sci., 96:2.
5 Rai, O.P., Kushwaha, R. and Kushwaha, B.P. (2014). Study on
surface water quality around selected integrated steel and power
plant. Jour. Ecophysiol.Occup.Hlth, 14(1:2):7-11.
6. Rajamanickam,R. and Nagan, S. (2016). A study on water quality
status of major lakes in Tamil Nadu. Int. Jour. Res. Environ. Sci.,
Fig.12: Phosphate in water bodies 2(2):9-21.
7. Sharma, J.N., Kanakiya, Raj Shaiesh and Singh, S.K. (2015).
Limnological study of water quality parameters of Dal lake India.
Int.Jour. Innovat. Res. Sci., 4(2):380-386.