INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES 2018

TEST-11

ESSAY-OUTLINE

Topic 1: Defeminisation of Indian agriculture - Impact on women and

economy.

Ramu, a resident of village in Bihar has a small piece of land on which the family
practices agriculture for some income with the decrease in income from agriculture due
to climate change and other issues the growing family expenditure due to growing
children he migrated to the nearby urban areas to earn a better wage the agriculture
burden fell on the wife of Ramu ,Rani which made her to compromise on her tailoring
work
This is a common instance in the present time leading to the trend of feminization of
agriculture in India according to census 2011 .it increase in the number of female
agriculturists between 2001 and 2011
Reasons for Feminization
1. Male migration to urban areas due to less remunerative nature of agriculture
2. increasing trend of suicide of farmers[Males] bread winners of the family
3. low literacy rate among women leading to their participation in low skilled
agricultural work

Problems because of feminization/need for Defeminization

1. land rights issue- according to International nonprofit organization 2013 80 % of
farm work is done by women but they own only 13 % of land
2. No land rights- No access to formal credit →informal lending by
women/subsidies last→ Dept trap

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

3. already over employed agriculture sector loss of potential of women by

participating in Low skill jobs in agriculture
4. an additional burden on women- agriculture work and household chores

Defeminization and impacts:

Defeminization -shifting of some female workforce from agriculture to other sectors

Impacts:
Women -already active work force can be mobilized to other sectors→ financial
Independence →better family care, health→ children better human capital
Economy:
SHGs can be formed leading to GDP↑ better rural indicators in socio-economic aspect
way forward
1. Recognize the land rights of women -6th five year plan granting joint titles of
land[ Oxfam India’s Aaroh campaign –Uttar Pradesh]
2. variations in personal laws -Hindus and Muslims, tribals
3. Skill development is to be employed in other sectors like stand up India.

Topic 2: The moral arc of the universe bends at the elbow of justice.

 used by Martin Luther King Junior during the fight for the rights of black
Americans
 no matter how Grim a situation looks at present times, that is rise in immorality
it will eventually lead to greater morality in society brought up by justice
 justice will be eventually served
 Debate-“Historical Determinism”- No need to do anything justice will come on its
own
Recent-Conservative ideas justice won't be served on its own it has to be brought
up by effort of the people Ex:- Mass struggles

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

 politicization of statement- political unwillingness to address the issue everything

will happen on its own
Ex:- Making laws and not implementing it in its true letter and spirit- Ex:-PoA
Act ,1989.

Examples-Dimensions
Political- French Revolution, Indian Independence movement, multipolar world,
basic structure Doctrine.
Economic- Capitalism to socialism, welfare states, Economic equity.
Social- women rights, civil rights, LGBT, Apartheid repealed etc
Cultural- melting point to salad bowl concept –Different cultures co-exist cultural
uniformity to cosmopolitanism
Environment- Blind development to sustainable development

In all the above cases/situations justice seemed elusive, the immorality seemed to
prevail yet in the horizon beyond our vision- Justice was waiting to be served
“Throughout the history it has been the in Action of those who could have acted the In
difference of those who should have known better; The Silence of voice of justice when it
mattered the most; that has made if possible for evil to triumph”.

“Human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable... Every step toward the
goal of justice requires sacrifice, suffering, and struggle; the tireless exertions and
passionate concern of dedicated individuals.” -King Martin Luther junior

Topic 3: Doubling Farmers’ Income in India - Myth or Reality.

Introduction:
Jai Jawan Jai Kisaan
“Agriculture not only gives riches to a nation, but the only riches she call her own”
- Samuel Jhonson

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

Tens of thousands of farmers marched recently towards Mumbai Metropolis, which got
the national attention to distress experienced by farmers, added with farmer suicide,
demand for loan waiver, and stagnant agriculture growth rate of less than 4.1.
Low level of absolute income of farmers need to be addressed to address agrarian
distress farmer welfare and bring parity between income of farmers and those working
in nonfarm sector

Fact-2015-NSSD- farmers monthly income is 6426 and monthly expenditure is 6223

→Body
Myth:
 Fragmentation of land with average landholding less than 1.3 hectare
 85 % farmers are small and marginal
 Vagarian of monsoon =~ 60%agriculture is rainfed
 climate change- FAD report - each degree rise in temperature, productivity
decreases by 5 %
 degradation of land
 informal credit structure
 Law insurance coverage
 water exporting country
 No R&D specifically seed development(Monopoly of multinational companies)
 High input cast.
 poor infrastructure- cold storage etc
 price crash
 agricultural marketing-middlemen, moneylenders
 India is suffering from two mountainous problems
One side mounts of grain and other millions of hunger

Reality:
 growing what needs to be grown (scientific farming)
 organic farming

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

 climate smart agriculture

 Harnessing food processing (reduce wastage)(only 10% preserved )
 Diversification of Agriculture Income
 Reimagination of NREGA building agriculture asset
 agriculture infrastructure
 formal credit ( 35% informal credit)
 Increasing productivity and production.
 reducing input cost and reducing post harvest losses
 reducing risk (increase insurance coverage)
 forward and backward linkage
 minimum support price
 Agriculture Marketing ( e-NAM, APMC etc) contract farming and Cooperative
farming (GRAM Operation Green)
 Precision farming zero-based forming
 mechanization of agriculture
 Trade control(WTO)-FPO technology ,SRI, Micro irrigation

NITI Analog 3 years agenda, government seven point strategy to doubles income and
Ramesh Chand Committee recommendations.
Sikkim organic state with GI regional specialities could be enriched at Global scale
Addressing other structural and operational issues.
Feminization of agriculture, woman friendly equipments land rights to women.
When oil industry(fracking) needed gaur beans, India increased its production by 20
times this can be replicated in other crops.
Conclusion:
Annadata sukhibhava as Indian culture emphasizes farmers are our annadatha’s on
whose shoulders Indian growth story rests with farmers security we can enjoy food
security and national security as stated by MS Swaminathan if agriculture fails
everything else will fails.
Topic 4: Risks of Artificial intelligence outweigh its Benefits.

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

Introduction:

Everything used to be fine till I yelled back –Amafon Alexa

Give a brief intro on how technology as evolved from the “fear of unknown”
Ex:- From gunpowder in china, Steam engine in England, idea of liberty, Justice,
Fraternity in Russia and robots in U.S.
Say how all of this started how the fear of unknown and how we face the same thing
today with Artificial intelligence
Body:
 Define or explain what AI with examples you could say how from ‘social network
‘the human being has achieved neural network
 You could say how man is like a machine and the way man is designing a machine
 Here you could take a stance it is not one sided verdict rather how man balances
between both the benefits and risks and finally benefits from it.
It is a need of artificial ethical intelligence

Benefits of AI
1. Diurnal work of human will be managed by AI
Ex:-Automated working machines, Electricity panels etc.
2. Political benefits:
E-governance, GPS mapping of NREGA work, DBT-JAM trinity, eliminating
false negatives etc
3. Economical :
Ex:-
 Tax evasions and money laundering could be detected using as on banking
transaction
 Creates accountability by using blockchain technology in fund transfer
from layer to another
4. Agriculture:
Ex:- precision agriculture in determining the need of nutrients to soil and crops

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

5. Governance
Evidence based policy making could be adapted like tailor made advertisement
by Amazon
6. Health case:
Ex:-
 Microsoft’s recent cancer identifying and curing software
 Lab medicines to help patients in remote areas
7. Defence:
Robotic army at harsh climate borders
Ex:- Siachin glacier, India. Already AI software’s being tested at US-Mexico
Borders, maintaining nuclear sectors

8. Society:
Geriatric care, affective computing to play with children

Now speak about Ills of AI :

1. AI searching hands of anti-social elements could disrupt society and peace
2. Unemployment issues
3. Ethical issues-Sympathy, compassion that don’t exist in Artificial intelligence
.or how will humankind dealt with it
4. Affects right to privacy, security how social network websites are percolating into
daily life
5. Autonomous weapons and self learning weapons might kill civilians and soldiers
of its own countries
This might lead to rooting our whole existence from this earth
→Here you could talk about Elon musk and mark zukerburg debate
→speak about the need of data protection law, could refer to BN Sri Krishna
Committee report that came recently
→now say what is the need finally artificial ethical intelligence that always is
slave to humans and never a master to human

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

Conclusion:
You could end up on the classical debate of who should be dominant imagination or
wisdom
Here imagination is nothing but Artificial intelligence and wisdom being the man with
empathy, sympathy and a compassionate heart .So, it is in our own hands who wins
imagination or wisdom. !!

Topic 5: Cyberspace - Source of both Security and Insecurity

Cyberspace in New World of boundless opportunities and as can be extrapolated

from Arthur c. clarke’s words it is sufficiently advanced that it is indistinguishable from
magic. wth this happiness of security one hand comes a caution, “Dadada”, the
password of Mark Zuckerberg revealed during data breach in 2016 i.e. privacy breach
Above two emphasizes that cyberspace could be a source of security as well as insecurity.

Definition of cyberspace:

Cyberspace is a virtual space specifically an electronic medium used to form a global

network to facilitate online communication
No space like a shared space i.e. cyberspace the security it offers is boundless

Security
1. political security- Democracy →e-governance→ transparency
2. Freedom of expression promoted –sense of liberty and dignity secured
3. Social security- fund raising for people in distinct connecting people.
4. employment security-barning via social media ( face book, YouTube etc)
-financial transactions,
- Internet banking,
-mobile banking
5. environment security- Dissemination of information

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

6. cyberspace and Blockchain Technology –transparency

7. Knowledge/education- MOOCS,VSAT
8. Health-telemedicine, info about diseases like Nipah, Ebola etc
9. Data security- cloud Technology + encryption/decryption

Where there is a good there will be evil

Insecurity:-
 Cybercrimes – Hacking, Cyber-attack, cyber bullying,
 Cyber wars
 weaponization of data during elections to defame individuals
 social media –radicalization, propaganda, terrorism -hiring and
spreading hatred privacy issues
 financial threat -data leaks and frauds
eg:-Crypto currency
 server placement across boundaries

Conclusion quote:
“As the world is increasingly interconnected everyone shares the responsibility of
securing cyberspace”,
-Children -content accessibility

Conclusion quote:
There is no silver bullet solution with cyber security a layered defense is the only viable
defense”- By institute for critical information technology
Technology trust is a good thing but control is a better one.

Topic 6: Imagination is more important than knowledge.

Introduction:

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

“Intelligence will take you from A to B imagination can take you to anywhere “,-Albert
Einstein

Man’s ability to think→ helped him to imagine the impossibilities and possibilities alike
Eg:- creating fire by rubbing two stones is knowledge, using that to cook food is
imagination clearly indicates imagination is more important than knowledge

Body:
Knowledge→ Value neutral, objective ,truth about a phenomenon.
Imagination:- is value ladden which is futuristic and seeking a better life
1. Some cases in point Ashoka- having knowledge/understanding of peace→
imagined a peaceful World after Kalinga war
2. Martin Luther King Junior knowledge of equality/justice imagined a inclusive
and justice based society
3. Gandhiji with Knowledge of Indian masses and World events imagined a Swaraj
and independent inclusive India for generations
4. Newton other space scientist with the help of existing knowledge imagined and
explored mysteries ,opened up our vast universe

Also argue that imagination cannot exist without knowledge base both are
complement to each other
Imagination gives patronage to knowledge
An ancient Indian history →Kings imagination leads to patronage of architects
Other sides -imagination lead to disastrous consequences→ nuclear weapon Arms
Race
- North Korea example
-terrorism
Imagination of Ambedkar, Raja Ram Mohan Roy→ led to Equality justice,
democracy
Knowledge without imagination
-Present education system of India- no innovation, Research and Patent filing
-society becomes stagnant and regressive

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

-Gap/ Bridge between theory and practice

-Cannot realize goals and targets

Imagination without knowledge

 Unidimensional cannot predict the outcome of imagination in fair manner
 imagination without knowledge may leads to disastrous consequences

Imagination is like a bottle which gives concrete shape to the fluid of knowledge
imagination is tool which shapes knowledge over period of time. Imagination is an idea
which values knowledge and encourages it.
The Technology has created artificial intelligence but it has failed to create artificial
imagination
Conclusion:
the cause for human evolution lies in the heart of imagination- A Futuristic vision
Rane Descartes quotes: ‘I Think Therefore I Am’

Topic 7:The best defense is a good offense.

Competition could be described as of the most common driving forces among

organisms. animals compete for territory , mates, food and hierarchy within species.
people compete for jobs, promotions scholarships and in almost every aspect of their
daily lives countries compete for the consumer in the world Market place for their
Supremacy individuals wants to assert their ideas, they use many strategies to achieve
their end and adopt different means. One such strategy is to adopt best defence which is
a good offence.
In day to day life we face many challenges only when we swim in the ocean of challenges
we reach the beach of success. Strategically success rests on destroying the Enemies
ability to attack if we attack our opponent's they will be so busy fighting of our attack
that they will not be able to attack us if we play pure defence it allows our opponents to
control the situation
Quotations

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

 the greatest offence against virtue is to speak ill of it

 fighting against the negative thinking of ours before it engulfs us completely we
should offend it with positive mindset
Example:- we should not underestimate our potentials instead we should offend
the trivialization of ourselves and emerge as confident persons

Military offence:-
 surprising the enemy
 Example: Blietzkrieg (2nd world war)
 gaining superiority
 saving ourselves and resources

Sports
 gaining initial successes to shatter the morale of the opposition team
 Eg:- Scoring goals to our team and then defending
 Cricket -Sehwag offensive and attacking batting to gain advantage initially which
will help in defending the score when the other team is batting.

Health :
 production of antibodies before hand to prevent attack from pathogens example
BCG DPT etc
 proper diet,exercise to defend against the diseases

Cyber/software :-
Breaking the virus by using antivirus software to defend our cyber spaces or network

Eg: Microsoft’s antivirus to neutralize Wannacry

freedom fight
Revolutionary attack on Britishers to defend the common people
Buddha-Mahavira:
defence in the form of opposing the meaningless rituals to defend the common people

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

Vachanas, Abhangas, Dohas used to offend the evils in the then society
 social reformers offended the existing age old tradition through the weapon of
education abolition of child marriage encouraging widow Remarriage, and
human sacrifices etc
 Empowering women through education, Self defence mechanisms and boosting
them confidence and courage to offend the petratons of crime to defend
themselves
 Gandhiji weapon of nonviolence to offend the mindset of Britishers to defend the
Indian man
 fighting poverty, effective governance ,accountability, transparency, RTI etc
 how to offend the corrupt mindset code of ethics, code of conduct etc
 fight climate change through conventions agreement and ruler Eg:-WLPA,Forest
act etc adoption and mitigation

Topic 8: Doubt is the beginning, not the end, of wisdom

“The beginning of wisdom, is found in Doubting; By doubting we come to the question

and by seeking we may come upon the Truth”-Pierre Abelard.

 "Path to Truth lap in the Systemic Application of Doubt”

 DoubtExperimentKnowledgeExperiecneWisdom.
 So, Doubt is beginning but subsequent knowledge & experience lead to Wisdom.
 It is always the Doubt on prevailing Wisdom has created more Wisdom.
 “Those who have sought the Truth-Philosophers, scientists, revolutionaries &
Explorers-Have always begun their quest from a premise of Doubt, not certainly”.

Examples:

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM
 INSIGHTS IAS MAINS TEST SERIES

 Political: Martin L King or Gandhi,Mandela, Ambedkar,Socrates.

 Economic- Carl Marx, Keynes, Amartyasen, Mahabooh-ul-Haq,etc.
 Social- Mary Wollstonecraft, Socia-Religious reformers,etc.
 Scientists-Copernicus,Newton, Einstein,Edion, Tesla,Maxwell,etc.
 Explorers-Henry the Great, Columbus, Vasco-di-gama,etc.
 Environmentalist-Sundarlal Bahuguna, Medhapatkar, HD Thoreau.
 To Doubt- Be the wonder of human Evolution-It keeps our world skeptical &
Dynamic, Doubt makes us fair, balanced & open.
 The more you know, the wider you learn, the more you realize ‘You Don’t Know”

Other Examples:
 Nuclear PowerKnowledgeAtomic Bomb(experience) led to Nuclear
Disarmament movement(Wisdom)
 MedicalVaccine(KnowledgeSuperbugs(experience) Preventive
Healthcare(Wisdom)

“Doubt is a pain too lonely to know that faith is his Twin Brother”

WWW.INSIGHTSIAS.COM WWW.INSIGHTSONINDIA.COM