Envy (from Latin invidia) is an emotion which "occurs when a person lacks another's

superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the
other lacked it".[1]
Aristotle defined envy as pain at the sight of another’s good fortune, stirred by “those
who have what we ought to have.”[2]Bertrand Russell said that envy was one of the most
potent causes of unhappiness.[3] Not only is the envious person rendered unhappy by
his or her envy, Russell explained, but that person may also wish to inflict misfortune on
others, in forms of emotional abuse and violent acts of criminality. Although envy is
generally seen as something negative, Russell also believed that envy was a driving
force behind the movement of economies and must be endured to achieve the "keep up
with Jones" system. He believed this is what helps to maintain democracy, a system
where no one can achieve more than anyone else.[4]
Psychologists have recently suggested that there may be two types of envy: malicious
envy and benign envy—malicious envy being proposed as a sick force that ruins a
person and his/her mind and causes the envious person to blindly want the "hero" to
suffer; on the other hand, benign envy being proposed as a type of positive motivational
force that causes the person to aspire to be as good as the "hero"—but only if benign
envy is used in a right way.[5][6] However, Sherry Turkle considers that the advent of
social media and selfie culture is creating an alienating sense of “self-envy” psyche in
users, and posits this further affects problem areas attached to attachments. [7] Envy and
gloating have parallel structures as emotions.