A CAN PROTOCOL BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM TO AVOID

REAR END COLLISION OF VEHICLES

ABSTRACT
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger
mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as
part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems
control many devices in common use today. Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific
tasks, design engineers can optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the
reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from
economies of scale.

The main theme of the work is to avoid chain accident in the highways. In this project a high
speed wired communication is required since the accidents are happening within few seconds.
For that purpose here CAN protocol is introduced. CAN is especially meant for high speed
communication between the ECUs of the car. A sensor called MEMS is used to find the braking
angle of the car-1. With that information, using RF Transmitter the indication is sent to the car-2
which is following back. RF Receiver is used to receive the information from the car-1.
According to the value of the MEMS, the motor of the car-2 is automatically controlled. For
additional safety, 3 LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) are provided at the back of the car-1 to indicate
the force applied to the brake.
EXISTING SYSTEM
In existing system there is no automatic control system. When one vehicle is
following another then change in acceleration may occur due to behavior of the preceding
vehicle and actuating the own vehicle. If there is a third following vehicle, it will experience an
even stronger change of the acceleration. The longer the queue of vehicles, the stronger the
required accelerations (or decelerations), creating shock waves throughout the string of vehicles.

DISADVANTAGES
 The lack of need to maintain constant pedal pressure, which can help lead to accidents
caused by highway hypnosis or incapacitated drivers; future systems may include a dead
man's switch to avoid this.
 When used during inclement weather or while driving on wet or snow- and/or ice-
covered roads, the vehicle could go into a skid (although this may be somewhat mitigated
by cars equipped with Electronic Stability Control). Stepping on the brake—such as to
disengage the cruise control—could result in the driver losing control of the vehicle.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this project a high speed wired communication is required since the accidents are
happening within few seconds. For that purpose here CAN protocol is introduced. CAN is
especially meant for high speed communication between the ECUs of the car. A sensor called
MEMS is used to find the braking angle of the car-1. With that information, using RF
Transmitter the indication is sent to the car-2 which is following back. RF Receiver is used to
receive the information from the car-1. According to the value of the MEMS, the motor of the
car-2 is automatically controlled. For additional safety, 3 LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) are
provided at the back of the car-1 to indicate the force applied to the brake.

ADVANTAGES

 Sensors help to detect changes in the gap between lead and following vehicles
 Wireless communication system to share key vehicle and travel information that is
primarily used to make travel speed decisions.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

STEP DOWN BRIDGE FILTER VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER CIRCUIT REGULATOR
(230 TO 12V AC) (IC 7805)

ENCODER

MEMS

PIC16F877A
RF TX

RED LED

YELLOW LED

GREEN LED
 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
STEP DOWN BRIDGE FILTER VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER CIRCUIT REGULATOR
(230 TO 12V AC) (IC 7805)

RF RX

PIC18F458 LCD

DECODER

RELAY

PIC18F458

MOTOR
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 PIC MICROCONTROLLER WITH CAN

 MOTOR
 RELAY
 MEMS
 LED
 RF TRANSCEIVER

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

 EMBEDDED C
 KEIL COMPILER