19 Eltp Campus Ps & PD Using C Part-1

Program Development
Using C Language
ELTP-CAMPUS
EXCELLENT CAMPUS PLACEMENTS 1 ELTP-GROUP
Problem Solving & Programming Fundamentals using C
1. Problem Solving using flowchart
2 Introduction
2. I t d ti to t C Language
L
3. Data Type
yp
4. Input / Output Statements
5. Type Conversion
6 Operator
6. O t
7. Control Statements
ELTP-CAMPUS ELTP-GROUP
EXCELLENT CAMPUS PLACEMENTS 2
Problem Solving using flowchart
Representation of Computation
Using Flowchart
 A fl
flowchart
h t is
i a diagrammatic
di ti representation
t ti off computation
t ti
 A flowchart is an organized
g combination of shapes,
p , lines and
text that graphically illustrates a computation process
Flowcharting Symbols
Basic Program Control
1 Sequential
1.
2. Selection
3. Iteration
Sequential Control
• In sequence
• One-after-the-other
Statement 1
Statement 2
Statement 3
Selection Control
Statement 1
Decision
Statement 2a Statement 2b
Statement 3
Iteration(Loop) Control
1.
Initialization initialization
of loop index
of loop index
Modify
y Loop
p 4. Update of
Index loop index
T
cond_expr
2. loop F
condition
Loop body
(S) 3. Task
Repeat
Example-1
Draw a flow chart to sum of given two integer numbers
Start
Get a
Input
Get b
Sum = a + b
Output
p Process
Put Sum
End
Example-2
Draw a flowchart to check whether a year is Leap year or not?
Draw a flowchart to check whether a year is Leap year or not?
Solution Start
Get year
If (year % 400 = = 0) OR F
( year % 100 ! = 0 AND year % 4 = = 0)
Put “year is not leap year”

T
Put “year is leap year”
End
Example-3
Draw a flowchart to sum of given N integer numbers
Draw a flowchart to sum of given N integer numbers
Start
Get N
I=1 S
Sum =0 loop
(initialization I=1 condition
of loop
index))
If
F
I<=N
? Put Sum
T
Get temp End
Modification
Sum = Sum + temp
of loop
index
Loop
I=I+1
Body
General C Program Structure
Pre-Processor Directives
functions declarations
void main()
local variables to function main (Declaration and

initialization)
statements associated with function main ;

}
C program structure
#include <stdio.h> Pre processor directive
void main()
Entry point for
{ /* start of main function*/ program execution
printf(“Hello World”);
Each instruction in a C
} /* end of main function*/ program terminates with a
semicolon (;)
Example-1
Draw a flow chart to sum of given two integer numbers
Start
Get a
Input
Get b
Sum = a + b
Output
p Process
Put Sum
End
C program to sum of given two integer numbers.
#include <stdio.h> /* Pre-processor
p command */
void main(){ /* Start execution of program */
int a,
a b,
b sum;/
sum;/* Declaration of local variable *//
printf(“Enter First Number:“);/* Message to display on screen */
scanf(“%d“, &a); /* Input from keyboard */
printf(“Enter Second Number: “);
scanf(“%d“, &b);
sum = a + b;; /* Processing

g */
printf(“Sum of two numbers is : %d”,sum); /* To display Output */
} /* End of execution of program */

Home Assignment
1. Draw a flowchart to Sum of first N natural numbers
2. Draw a flowchart to find the Sum of Series
1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + … + 1/N
3. Draw a flowchart to Sum of first N even numbers.
4. Draw a flowchart to Sum of first N odd numbers.
Home Assignment
Draw a flowchart to Sum of the following series of N terms:-
5 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 …………..
5.
6. 0 + 3/4 + 8/9 + 15/16 + 24/25 + 35/36
7. 1+ x2/2! + x4/4! + ......... [0 < x < 1]
8. Draw a flowchart to find sum of only positive number in

given N numbers
Home Assignment
9. Draw a flowchart to check whether a number is perfect
square or not
10. Draw a flowchart to print sum of digits of a given

positive integer accepted from the user.
11. Draw a flowchart to check whether a 3 digit number is

palindrome or not?
12 Draw a flowchart to print Fibonacci Series.

12. Series
Home Assignment
13 D
13. Draw a fl
flowchart
h t tto print
i t N rows off th
the ffollowing
ll i pattern:
tt
1
12
123
1234
12345
14. Draw a flowchart to print N rows of the following pattern:
1
22
333
4444
55555
Home Assignment
15. Draw a flowchart to print N rows of the following pattern:
12345
1234
123
12
1
Introduction of Function
What is a Function?
• A sub
b program th
thatt does
d a specific
ifi ttask.
k
• A unit of program code, as per syntax, to perform specific

and well defined task.
Function-1
u ct o in need
eed o
of service
se ce
from function 2
Function-1 requests Function-2
Function 1 Function 2
{ Tasks } { Tasks }
Function 2 services Functioa
Classification of Functions
1. Library functions
- provided along with the compiler
Ex: printf(), scanf()
2. User Defined functions
- written by the user
Ex: main()
Elements of a Function
 Function Declaration or Function Prototype :
- The function should be declared prior to its usage.
 Function Definition :
- Implementing
p g the function or writing
g the task of the function.
 Function Invocation or Function call:
- To utilize a function’s
function s service we have to invoke( call ) the
function.
Example – Function Terminologies
void
id display()
di l () ; Function Prototype
void main() {
di l ()
display(); Calling Function Definition
void display() {
printf(“Hello World”); Function Call Statement
}
Called Function Definition
Called Function
C program structure
stdio.h file include function

#include <stdio.h>
declaration of library function
void main() printf( ) and scanf () etc.
{ Function Definition of
main() function
} Call function printf()
Phases of C/C++ Programs:
Editor
Source Header Files
Preprocessor
Compiler
Object File
Linker Libraries
Executable File (Binary File)
C Files (Source Code) Header Files
Phases of
C/C P
C/C++Programs prog.c help.c strtest.c stdio.h func.h
Text Editor
C COMPILER
Pre-Processor
COMPILER
Windows: cl.exe
Intermediate UNIX: cc
C d
Code LINUX: gcc
Software Developer
Compiler
1011 101101
0101
Object Files 010101 11
101
101010
011101 10101 010
110 1010101 101
prog.obj help.obj strtest.obj 10011 111
Runtime
Libraries
LINKER:
Windows: link.exe Linker
UNIX: ld
LINUX: ld
ELTP-CAMPUS Executable File

(prog.exe) ELTP-GROUP
Program is created in
Phases of Editor Disk the editor and stored
on disk.
C/C++Programs Preprocessor Disk

Preprocessor program
processes the code.
Compiler creates
1. Edit Compiler
p Disk object
j code and stores
it on disk.
Linker links the object
2. Preprocess Linker Disk code with the libraries,
creates exe file and
Primary
Primar stores it on disk
3. Compile Loader
Memory
4. Link Loader puts program

in memory.
Disk
..
5. Load ..
..
Primary
6. Execute CPU
Memory
CPU takes each
instruction and
executes it, possibly
storing
sto g new
e data
.. values as the program
..
ELTP-CAMPUS ..
executes.
ELTP-GROUP
Data Types
Data Types
Data types determine the following:
– Type of data stored
– Number of bytes it occupies in memory
– Range of data
– Operations that can be performed on the data
Data Types(Cont’d)
D t ttypes
Data
User defined types Derived types

Structure Array
Union Fundamental types Function
Enumeration Pointer
integer type void floating type
int char float double
Data Types(Cont’d)
C supports the
h following
f ll i P i i i Data
Primitive D Types:
T
– int – for storing whole numbers
– char – for storing character values, represents a single

character
– float
– Double
Note: float and double data types are used to store fractional
values and also Integer.
float can store upto 6 digits of precision
double can store upto 12 digits of precision
Data Types (Continued…)
• Modifiers alter the meaning of the base type to more precisely fit a
specific need.
• The modifiers define the amount of storage allocated to the variable.
• All modifiers short, long, signed and unsigned can be used along
with int data type.
• C does not have a Boolean data type.
In C, a true value is any non zero value including negative numbers.
A false value is zero.

zero
Literals
• Literals refer to fixed values that the program does not alter.
• The way each literals is represented depends upon its type.
Ch
Character
t lit
literals
l are enclosed
l d iin single
i l quotes
t
Ex: ‘A’, ‘*’
Integer literals are specified as numbers without the fractional part.
Ex: 10, 456
Floating point literals are of double data type by default and is

represented along with the decimal point.
This is
Ex: 10.24 is of double data type What is this? string
literal
yp
10.24F is of float data type
“Hello World”
Variables
• Hold the data in your program

• Aq
quantity
y that can change
g during
g p
program
g execution
• Is a location (or set of locations) in memory where a value
can be stored for use byy a p program
g
Variable Names in C programming language
• A variable name can either begin with an alphabet or
underscore
• No other special character except underscore is allowed
• Variable names are case sensitive
• Keywords cannot be used as variable names
 amount_in$
$
Which of these
 2many variable names
 if are valid ones?
 _iTotal
Declaration of variables
Syntax:
data-type [variable-name list] Initial
value of
data-type variable-name1 , variable-name2, … ;
variable
Ex: iNum
int iNum ;
Address
declares a variable off int data type off iNum
iN
in
The variables will contain some garbage value when they are declared.
memory
A variable can be initialized when it is declared
int iNum = 10; 10
22FA06
float fData = 2.3F ;
iNum
char cChoice = ‘Y’;
All variables must be declared in the beginning

g g of the block
Input / Output Library Functions
Output Statement
Writes onto screen (Standard Output)
Syntax:
printf (“conversion specifier or string”, variables if any);
Ex:
printf(“Hello World\n Welcome”);
printf(“%d”, a);
printf(“%f” x);
printf(“%f”,
printf(“%c”, y);
printf(“%d%d%f”,
printf( %d%d%f , j, k, a);
printf(“The sum of %d and %d is %d”, a, b, c);
Output Statement (Continued…)
Conversion Specifier
• These characters tell the input or output functions as to what
t
type off data
d t is
i being
b i read
d or written.
itt
• Few Format Specifiers that can be used in a printf statement:

– %d signed decimal integers
– %u unsigned decimal integers
– %f decimal floating point
– %c character
– %s string
Input statement
We can perform
W f the
th input
i t operation
ti in
i C using
i the
th function
f ti scanff
Syntax:
scanf (“conversion specifier(s)”, variable(s))
Format specifier’s in c:
%d- for int When user enters 10
%l - for long
g 0A
%f - for double and float datatype
&iNum 12FF78
%c - for characters returns the
%s - for strings address
Ex: scanf(“%d%d%f”, &iNum, &iMarks, &fData);

scanf(“%c”
scanf( %c , &cChoice);
Common programming error:
Here & is the address operator
Forgetting ‘&’ before the
variable name
Type Conversion and Type Casting
Type Conversion (1 of 2)
• When variables off one type are mixed with variables off
another type, type conversion will occur.
• A variable of one type can receive the value of another
type.
• Type Conversion can be of two types:
■ Widening Conversion
■ Narrowing
N i C Conversion
i
Type Conversion (2 of 2)
 Widening Conversion
int i = 10;
d bl d;
double d
d = i;
printf(“%d” d);
printf(“%d”, d)
 Narrowing conversion
doubled = 10.856;
int i;
i = d;
printf(“%d”
printf( %d , i);
Arithmetic Conversions
char
What is the output of the following code snippet?
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
int i = 17;
char c = 'c'; /* ASCII value is 99 */
float sum;
sum = i + c;;
printf("Value of sum : %f\n", sum );
}
Type Casting
we have to explicitly specify the type cast operator
■ This prevents accidental loss of data
int i = 5;;
double d = 10.85;
d = i + ((int)) d;;
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
int i = 5, j = 2,k = 3,total;
fl t avg;
float
total = i + j + k;
avg = total/3;
printf("%.2f",avg);
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
int i = 5, j = 2,k = 3,total;
fl t avg;
float
total = i + j + k;
avg = total/3.0;
printf("%.2f",avg);
void main() {
float a=12
a=12.25;
25;
printf(" %f %d %f ", a, (int)a, a - (int)a);
Operators In C
Operators In C
O
Operators are predefined
d fi d symbol
b l iin llanguage to
perform specific operation on operands.
Classification of Operators:
(1) Based on the number of operands:
(1) Unary operators ++, --
(2) Binary operators +,-,*,/,%,==,<,>,>=,<=,!=,&&,||
(3) Ternary operators ? :
(2) Based on the operations performed:
(1) Arithmetic operators
(2) Relational operators
(3) Logical operators
main() {
int a = 5, b = 3, c = 8, d = 7;
printf(“%d”, b + c / 2 - d * 4 % a);
}
How to find out order in which operators
p p
perform in expr?
p
Operator Table
Operators in order of precedence (highest to lowest).
Their associativity indicates in what order operators of
equal precedence in an expression are applied.
applied
Operator Description Associativity
() Parentheses left-to-right
[] Brackets (array subscript)
. Member selection via object
j name
-> Member selection via pointer
++ , -- Prefix increment/decrement right-to-left
+, - Unary plus/minus
!, ~ Logical
g negation/bitwise
g complement
p
(type) Cast (convert value to temporary value of type)
* Dereference
& Address (of operand)
sizeof Determine size in bytes on this implementation
* ,/, % Multiplication/division/modulus left-to-right
+ ,- Addition/subtraction left-to-right
<< , >> Bitwise shift left, Bitwise shift right left-to-right
< , <= Relational
R l ti l less
l than/less
th /l than
th or equall to
t l ft t i ht
left-to-right
> , >= Relational greater than/greater than or equal to
== , != Relational is equal to/is not equal to left-to-right
& Bitwise AND left-to-right
^ Bitwise exclusive OR left-to-right
| Bitwise inclusive OR left-to-right
&& Logical AND left-to-right
|| Logical OR left-to-right
?: Ternary conditional right-to-left
ELTP-CAMPUS
= Assignment ELTP-GROUP
right-to-left
EXCELLENT
, CAMPUS
Comma (separatePLACEMENTS
expressions)
58
left-to-right
Operator Description Associativity
() Parentheses left-to-right
++ , -- Prefix increment/decrement right to left
right-to-left
+, - Unary plus/minus
! Logical negation
(type) Cast (convert value to temporary value of type)
& Address (of operand)
sizeof Determine size in bytes on this implementation
* ,/, % Multiplication/division/modulus left-to-right
+ ,- Addition/subtraction left-to-right
< , <= R l ti
Relational
l less
l than/less
th /l than
th or equall to
t l ft t i ht
left-to-right
> , >= Relational greater than/greater than or equal to
== , != Relational is equal to/is not equal to left-to-right
&& Logical AND left-to-right
|| Logical OR left-to-right
?: Ternary conditional right-to-left
right to left
= Assignment
ELTP-CAMPUS right-to-left
ELTP-GROUP
EXCELLENT
, CAMPUS
Comma PLACEMENTS
(separate expressions) 59 left-to-right
main()
char ch = 'A'; /* ASCII value is 65 */
int b = 3, c = 5,d = 4;
float g = 2.5;
printf ("%c", ch + c / d + (int) g * b);
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
char ch = 'A'; /* ASCII value is 65 */
int a = 3, c = 5;
float d = 2.5, e = 7.5, f = 7.5;
ch = a + e * (int) f + d * c;
printf("%c", ch);
}
#include<stdio.h>
# c ude std o
main()
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
if ((++x || ++y))
{
x++;;
}
printf("%d %d\n",x, y);
}
a) 1 0 b) 1 1 c) 2 1 d) 2 0
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
if (!(x++ && ++y))
{
++x;
}
printf("%d
printf( %d %d\n"
%d\n ,x,
x y);
}
a) 0 0 b) 1 0 c) 2 0 d) 2 1
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
if (!x++ && ++y)
{
++x;
}
printf("%d
printf( %d %d\n"
%d\n ,x,x y);
}
a) 0 0 b) 1 0 c) 2 0 d) 2 1
Program Development Using C Language
Control statements
ELTP-CAMPUS
EXCELLENT CAMPUS PLACEMENTS 65 ELTP-GROUP
Control statements
• Control statements specify the order of the execution

of the statements in the program.
• Control statements are of 2 types:
1. Selectional
2. Iterational
• Selectional and Iterational statements are of 2 types:
1 unconditional
1. diti l control
t l statements
t t t
2. conditional control statement
Selectional Statement
Used for deciding on which action to take
if (expr)
( )
if (expr) if (expr) stmt1;
stmt1; stmt1; else if (expr)
else stmt2;
stmt2; else if (expr)
……
else
stmtn;
if (expr)
stmt1;
F
expr
stmt1;
t t1
WAP to find the largest of three numbers using if statement
WAP to find the largest of three numbers using if statement
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d
f("%d %d %d"
%d", &
&a, &b
&b, &
&c);
)
if( a >= b && a >= c )
printf("%d
printf( %d is the largest number
number.", a);
if( b >= a && b >= c )
printf("%d
p ( is the largest
g number.",, b);
);
if( c >= a && c >= b )
printf("%d is the largest number.", c);}
if (expr)
stmt1;
else expr F
stmt2;
stmt1;
t t1 stmt2;
t t2
Write C program to find the largest of three numbers using
nested of if...else statement
Write C program to find the
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter three numbers: "); largest of three numbers using
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c);
nested if and if...else statement
if (a>=b)
{
if(a>=c)
printf("%d is the largest number.", a);
else
l
printf("%d is the largest number.", c);
}
else{
if(b>=c)
printf("%d
printf( %d is the largest number.",
number. , b);
else
printf("%d is the largest number.",c);
}
if (expr)
F
stmt1; expr
else if (expr)
stmt2; T expr F
else
stmt3; T
stmt1;
t t1 stmt2; stmt3;
t t3
Write program that reads marks of a student and
computes displays grade
computes,
if (mark >=> 90)
printf(“Grade A”);
F
else if (mark >= 80) mark >= 90
printf(“Grade B”);
else T F
mark >= 80
printf(“Grade
printf( Grade C”);
C );
T
P t ‘A’
Put Put ‘B’ P t ‘C’
Put
Write program that reads marks of a student and computes and displays grade
int mark;
scanf(“ %d”, &mark);
If( mark >= 90)
printf("The Grade of student is = ‘A’”);
elseif( mark >= 80)
printf("The Grade of student is = ‘B’”);
elseif( mark >= 70)
printf("The Grade of student is = ‘C’”);
elseif( mark >= 60)
printf("The Grade of student is = ‘D’”);
else
printf("The
i tf("Th Grade
G d off student
t d t is
i = ‘E’”);
‘E’”)
Write c program to find the largest of three numbers
using if...elseif…else statement
Write c program to find the largest of three numbers using if...elseif…else
statements
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &a, &b, &c);
if( a>=b && a>=c)
printf("%d is the largest number.", a);
else
l if (b>=a
(b> && b>
b>=c))
printf("%d is the largest number.", b);
else
printf("%d
printf( %d is the largest number
number.", c);
Looping Statements:– for loop statement
Repeat
p an action specified
p number of times
initialization
Syntax for loop stmt:
(expr1)
for(expr1;expr2;expr3) Modify Loop Index

{ (expr3)
S; expr2
p
T
} F
Loop body
(S)
Write a C p
program
g to find the sum of first N natural numbers
Write a C program to find the sum of first N natural numbers
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
int n, sum=0, i;
scanf(“
f(“ %d”
%d”, &n);
& )
for(i = 1; i <= n, i++)
sum = sum + i;
printf("The Sum of first %d natural number is = %d", n, sum);
Write a C program to sum of given N numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
unsigned int n, i;
int temp;
long int sum =0;
printf("Enter Number Count (Positive Decimal Value from 0 to 65535):");
scanf("%u", &n);
for (i=1;i<=n; i++){
printf("Enter
i tf("E t %d number:",i);
b " i)
scanf("%d", &temp);
sum = sum + temp;
}
printf ("\n\nSum of %u Numbers is = %ld", n, sum);
}
Write a C program to find the multiplication of two
unsigned integer without using multiplication operator
Write a C program to find the multiplication of two
g
unsigned integer
g without using
g multiplication
p operator
p
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
unsigned int a, b, loopindex;
unsigned long int muti = 0;
scanf("%u %u", &a, &b);
for(loopindex = b; loopindex >= 1; loopindex--)
muti = muti + a; /* end of for loop body*/
printf("The Multiplication of %u and %u is = %u", a, b, muti);
Looping Statements – while
Repeat an action till the expression evaluates to false
while(expr){
hil ( ){
S;
} expr
Loop Body
(S)
W it a C program to
Write t find
fi d the
th average marks
k off three
th
subjects of each student in a class
Write a program to find the average marks of three subjects of
each student in a class
fl t Avg;
float A
int Mark1, Mark2 , Mark3, Sum;
char
h Choice
Ch i = 'y';
' '
while( (Choice == 'Y') || (Choice == 'y') ) {
scanf("%d%d%d",
f("%d%d%d" &Mark1,
&M k1 &Mark2,
&M k2 &Mark3);
&M k3)
Sum = Mark1 + Mark2 + Mark3;
A =S
Avg Sum/3.0;
/3 0
printf("The Avg. Marks is = %f\n", Avg);
printf("Do you wish to continue? Enter Y/N or y/n :");
scanf("%c", &Choice);
} /* end of while loop*/

Write a C program to find the quotient and remainder
to divide two unsigned integers without using
division and remainder operator.
Write a C program to find the quotient and remainder to divide two
unsigned integers without using division and remainder operator.
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
unsigned int a, b, rem, quot=0;
scanf("%u %u", &a, &b);
rem = a;
while(rem >= b){
rem = rem - b;;
quot++;
} // End of while loop
printf("Divide %u by %u : ", a, b);
printf("quotient = %u and remainder = %u", quot, rem);
}
Looping Statements : do - while
do-while: (post-test) Loop Body

(S)
do{
S; expr
}while(expr);
Exit control loop
C Program to add numbers until user enter 0 from keyboard
using do while loop
using do while loop
#include<stdio.h>
void main() {
int number, sum = 0;
do {
printf("do
i tf("d you wantt tto stop
t addition
dditi enter
t 0 otherwise
th i enter
t number:");
b ")
scanf("%d", &number);
sum = sum + number;
} while(number != 0); /* end of do while loop*/
printf("Sum
p ( = %d",, sum);
);
}
using while loop
using while loop
#include<stdio.h>
void main() {
int number = 1, sum = 0;
while(number
( != 0){
){
printf("do you want to stop addition enter 0 otherwise enter number:");
scanf("%d"
scanf( %d , &number);
sum = sum + number;
}/* End of while loop*/
printf("Sum = %d", sum);
}
break Statement:
The break statement is used to:
Force the termination of a loop.
When a break statement is encountered in a loop, the loop

terminates immediately and the execution resumes the
next statement following the loop.
Note:
• Break statement can be used in an if statement only when the if

statement
t t t is
i written
itt ini a loop.
l
• Just an if statement with break leads to compilation error in C.
main()
{
i t j;
int j
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++)
printf(“ %d \t ", j);

}
main()
{
i t j;
int j
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
printf(“ %d \t ", j);
if( j == 2)
break;
}
}
Write a C Program for the following flowchart
Start
Sum = 0
Get temp
If temp == 0 T
Put Sum
F
Sum = Sum + temp

End
main()
{
int sum = 0;;
do {
scanf(“%d”, &temp);
if(temp ==0) break;
sum = sum + temp;
} while
hile (1)
(1);
printf(“%d”, sum);
}
WAP in C Language to add given N integer numbers. If any time sum >=100,
stop and display sum Start
Get N
I = 1,
1 sum =0
F
If (I < =N)
Get temp
I=I+1
sum = sum + temp
F T
If (sum >= 100) Put sum
End
WAP in C Language to add given N integer numbers. If any time sum >=100,
stop and display sum
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
unsigned int n, i;
int sum=0, temp;
scanf("%u",&n);
f("% " & )
for (i=1;i<=n; i++){
scanf("%d"
scanf( %d ,&temp);
&temp);
sum = sum + temp;
if(sum
( >= 100)) break;;
}
printf("The sum is = %d", sum);
}
‘continue’ Statement
• ‘continue’ statement forces
f the next iteration off the loop
to take place and skips the code between continue
statement and the end of the loop
• In case of for loop, continue makes the execution of the

modification of loop index (expr3) of the statement and
then evaluates the conditional part.
p
• In case of while and do-while loops, continue makes the

conditional statement to be executed.
executed
main() {
int i;
for( i = 0 ; i < 10; i++)
printf(“%d”, i );
main() {
int i;
for( i = 0 ; i < 10; i++) {
if ( i == 4))
continue;
printf(“%d”, i );
} /* End of for loop*/
Start
Get n
sum = 0
i=1
If
F
i<=N
? Put sum
T
sum = sum + temp
i=i + 1 End
Get temp
If
T
temp % 2 != 0
?
ELTP-CAMPUS F
ELTP-GROUP
main(){
int sum = 0, i=1;
scanf(“%d”,
( &n);
)
while(i <= n) {
i = i + 1;
scanf(“%d”, &temp);
if(t
if(temp %2 !=0)
! 0) continue;
ti
sum = sum + temp;
}
printf(“%d”, sum);
}
WAP in C Language to count even integer numbers in
given N numbers
g Start
Get N
I=1
count= 0
F
I<=N
T put count
Get temp
E d
End
F T
I=I+1 If temp %2
== 0
count = count + 1
WAP in C Language to count even integer numbers in
given N numbers
g
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
(){
unsigned int n, i;
int temp
temp, count =0;
0;
scanf("%u", &n);
for (i=1;i<=n; i++){
scanf("%d", &temp);
if( ttemp %2 !!= 0) continue;

ti
count++;}
printf ("Count is = %d",count);}

Switch Statement
switch (expr) {
case value1: F
expr == value1
[ stmt1;; ]
break;
T F
case value2 : expr == value2
[ stmt2; ]
T
break;
stmt1;
t t1 stmt2; stmt3;
t t3
default :
[ stmt3; ]
break;
}
Write a C p
program
g to check given
g alphabet
p is vowel or
not vowel
Write a C program to check given alphabet is vowel or
not vowel main(){
char ch;
scanf(“%c”, &ch);
switch(ch)
( ){
case ‘a’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
case ‘e’
e : printf(
printf(“Vowel”);
Vowel );
break;
case ‘i’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
case ‘o’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
case ‘u’ : printf(“Vowel”);
break;
default : printf(“Not a vowel”);} // End of switch case
}//End of main function
Write a program to check given alphabet is vowel or
not vowel main(){
char ch;
scanf(“%c”, &ch);
switch(ch) {
case ‘a’ :
case ‘e’
e :
case ‘i’ :
case ‘o’ :
case ‘u’
‘ ’ : printf(“Vowel”);
i tf(“V l”)
break;
default : printf(“Not a vowel”);
}
}

19 Eltp Campus Ps & PD Using C Part-1

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19 Eltp Campus Ps & PD Using C Part-1

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Program Development

1. Problem Solving using flowchart

4. Input / Output Statements

text that graphically illustrates a computation process

Draw a flowchart to check whether a year is Leap year or not?

Put “year is not leap year”

Put “year is leap year”

Get temp End

local variables to function main (Declaration and

statements associated with function main ;

#include <stdio.h> Pre processor directive

printf(“Enter First Number:“);/* Message to display on screen */

scanf(“%d“, &a); /* Input from keyboard */

printf(“Enter Second Number: “);

sum = a + b;; /* Processing

printf(“Sum of two numbers is : %d”,sum); /* To display Output */

} /* End of execution of program */

1. Draw a flowchart to Sum of first N natural numbers

2. Draw a flowchart to find the Sum of Series

1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + … + 1/N

3. Draw a flowchart to Sum of first N even numbers.

4. Draw a flowchart to Sum of first N odd numbers.

6. 0 + 3/4 + 8/9 + 15/16 + 24/25 + 35/36

7. 1+ x2/2! + x4/4! + ......... [0 < x < 1]

8. Draw a flowchart to find sum of only positive number in

10. Draw a flowchart to print sum of digits of a given

11. Draw a flowchart to check whether a 3 digit number is

12 Draw a flowchart to print Fibonacci Series.

15. Draw a flowchart to print N rows of the following pattern:

• A unit of program code, as per syntax, to perform specific

Function-1 requests Function-2

Function 2 services Functioa

- provided along with the compiler

Ex: printf(), scanf()

2. User Defined functions

- written by the user

 Function Declaration or Function Prototype :

- The function should be declared prior to its usage.

 Function Invocation or Function call:

Called Function Definition

stdio.h file include function

} Call function printf()

Source Header Files

Executable File (Binary File)

ELTP-CAMPUS Executable File

C/C++Programs Preprocessor Disk

4. Link Loader puts program

Data types determine the following:

– Type of data stored

– Number of bytes it occupies in memory

– Operations that can be performed on the data

User defined types Derived types

integer type void floating type

int char float double

– char – for storing character values, represents a single

float can store upto 6 digits of precision

double can store upto 12 digits of precision

• The modifiers define the amount of storage allocated to the variable.

• C does not have a Boolean data type.

In C, a true value is any non zero value including negative numbers.

A false value is zero.

• The way each literals is represented depends upon its type.

Ex: ‘A’, ‘*’