Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
CONTENTS
1) INTRODUCTION 03
2) GEOMETRY 03
3) GEOTECHNICAL DATA 03
4) MATERIAL 03
6) LOADINGS 03
7) MODELLING 10
REFERENCES.
2
1. INTRODUCTION
M/s. Jumeirah Golf Estates is setting up a commercial centre in Jumeirah. This report
deals with the analysis and design of raft, shear wall and some in-situ beams and slabs
2. GEOMETRY
The building utilizes a reinforced concrete structure. All floors are made by precast
hollow core slab supported on precast beams. Pre cast columns and shear walls are used
for supporting the floors. The building is supported by raft foundation. The length of the
building is 110m and breadth is 82.35 m. This has 1 basement floor and 3 floors above
that.
3. GEOTECHNICAL DATA
As per the soil investigation report, the average bearing pressure of the soil is taken as
150 kN/m2 and modulus of subgrade reaction as 7500kN/m3.
4. MATERIAL
M40 grade concrete and Fy 460 steel (conforming to BS: 4449-1997) with moderate
exposure condition as per BS: 8110-1- 1997 is assumed.
BS 6399 Part 1: 1996 Code of practice for dead and imposed loads
6. LOADINGS
6 .1 Dead Load & Live Load (BS 6399 Part I, Part II)
In addition to the self-weight of the structure the following dead & Live loads are taken
into account.
a) Pitched Roof
Concrete Roof Tile = 0.51 kN/m2
200 mm Thick Slab = 5 kN/m2
Ceiling and Services = 0.80 kN/m2
Live Load =1.5 kN/m2
3
b) Flat Roof
2
Hollow Core = 3.75 kN/m
Fill = 0.19 kN/m2
Screed = 0.7 kN/m2
Ceiling and Services =1.8 kN/m2
Live Load =1.5 kN/m2
c) 2nd Floor
Fill = 0.19kN/m2
e) Ground Floor
Fill = 0.19kN/m2
4
Marble = 0.7 kN/m2
5
Sb = Terrain and building factor (Clause 2.2.3.3, BS: 6399- Part II)
Vs= Vb×Sa×Sd×Ss×Sp
Where
Vb=Basic wind speed = 25m/s (Clause 2.2.1, BS: 6399- Part II)
Sa=Altitude factor = 1+0.001∆s (Clause 2.2.2.2, BS: 6399- Part II)
Sa =1 Sd=Directional factor =1
Ss=Seasonal factor =1(Clause 2.2.2.4, BS: 6399- Part II)
Sp=Probability factor =1(Clause 2.2.2.5, BS: 6399- Part II)
Then
Vs= Vb×Sa×Sd×Ss×Sp
= 25×1×1×1×1
= 25m/s
Ve = Vs × Sb
Where Sb =1.77(Table 4 BS: 6399- Part II) with respect to He = 20m
Ve = 25×1.77
= 44.25 m/s
Therefore qs = 0.613× Ve²
=0.613×44.25²
= 1.2 KN/m²
The earthquake forces are considered as per UBC 1997. The loads are applied in two
horizontal directions.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION:
1) 1629.2 Occupancy Criteria:
The structure shall be placed in one of the standard occupancy category and an
importance factor of 1.0 shall be assigned I=1.0
2) 1629.4 Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics
Seismic hazards characteristics for the site shall be established based on the seismic zone
and proximity of the site to active seismic source site soil profile characteristics and the
structure is importance factor. The site shall be assigned a seismic zone and each
structure shall be assigned a seismic zone of factor Z
Z=2A
3) 1629.5 Configuration Requirement
The structure has no significant physical discontinuities in plan or vertical configuration
6
or in their lateral force resisting system. Therefore the structure has regular and simple
with clear and direct path for transmission of seismic forces.
4) 1629.6 Moment Resisting Frame System:
Structural system with an essential complete space frame providing support for gravity
loads. Moment resisting frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily by flexural
action of members.
5) 1629.7 Height Limits:
The structure is in seismic zone 2A, there is no limit.
6 ) 1629.8 Calculation Lateral Force :
The static lateral force procedure shall be used in accordance with section 1630
7) 1630.1 Earthquake Loads:
The structure shall be designed for ground motion producing structural response
and seismic forces in any horizontal direction. Seismic design shall be carried out in
accordance with Uniform Building Code 1997, volume 2, Chapter 16 division IV
Building Criteria:
As per table 16 –k, UBC 1997 we have chosen standard occupancy for the building.
Seismic Importance Factor I =1.0
Wind Importance Factor Iw = 1.0
Seismic Importance Factor (for panel connections) Ip =1.0
Soil Profile Type = SC
Dubai is situated in a low seismic zone region. However seismic zone 2A is taken for
design.
TABLE 16-I, Seismic zone Factor = 0.15
TABLE 16-Q, Seismic Factor Ca = 0.18
TABLE 16-R, Seismic Factor Cv = 0.25
Structural Configuration:
The structure has no significant physical discontinuities in plan or vertical configuration
or in their lateral force resisting system. Therefore the structure is regular and simple
with clear and direct paths for transmission of seismic forces.
R (numerical coefficient representative of the inherent over strength and global ductility
capacity of lateral force resisting systems as per 16-N or 16-P) =5.5
7
Lateral force procedure
Simplified static approach is applicable
Structural period
3/4
T = Ct (hn) hn=20m
Ct = 0.0731(in SI units)
T =0.0731(20)3/4 = 0.69 Seconds
b) Calculation of Base Shear
The total design base shear in a given duration
Cv I 2.5Ca I
V = W < W
R T R
Cv I
V = W > 0.11Ca×I×W
R T
Where
W =Total load of structure =229570kN
Cv I 0.25 1
Total Design Base shear = W = 229570
RT 5.5 0.69
= 15123kN
The distribution of base shear
V Ft wx hx
along vertical direction
n
i1
wi hi
effect of the environment on the whole structure. In order to avoid additional self-
8
straining (creep and shrinkage and additional curvature in the members under thermal
gradient) after the design of the structure we have checked the whole structure under the
thermal effect. All of the members have pass safely the additional stress due to new load
combinations employed the thermal effect as a new load case except some perimeter
standard finite element software “Etabs” as shown in the Fig.1. The beams and columns
are modeled as frame elements and the slabs & walls were modeled as shell elements. At
the bottom of the columns raft foundation were modeled and soil spring value was given
as per the soil investigation report. Now the appropriate loadings were given and a static
earth quake analysis was carried out to obtain the design forces.
The rafts were modeled throughout the area of the building. The soil parameters
used in the model were as per the soil investigation report. The Safe Bearing Capacity of
the soil assumed was 150kN/m2. The soil springs were modeled below the raft
considering the spring value of 7500kN/m3. The Fig2 and Fig3 shows the bending
moment diagrams along X and Y direction respectively from the SAFE analysis. The
10
Maximum
Sagging
Moment
Y Maximum
Hogging
Moment
X
Negative Positive
Maximum
Hogging
Moment
Maximum
Sagging
Moment
X
Negative Positive
12
Area of steel provided in the section =3266mm2>2011.5
Hence Safe
= 2800mm
3
7665 10
Shear stress (ν) =
2800 1112.5
Hence safe
a) The critical section for shear is 1.5 x effective depth = 1.5 x 1112.5 =1668.75mm
= 0.42N/mm2
100 As
= 0.48%
d
Hence Safe
14
9.0 DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL
9(a). Height=5m
The retaining wall is analysed as fixed at bottom and free at top with a surcharge
1.476kN/m2 26.55kN/m2
Fig-4
Strength of Concrete(fcu) 40 N/mm2
Strength of Steel(fy) 460 N/mm2
Modulus of Elasticity(Ec) 28 kN/mm2
Modulus of Elasticity(Es) 200 kN/mm2
B 1000 mm
Over all Depth 300 mm
Cover(Cmin) 50 mm
15
d 240 mm
Moment 116 kNm
dia of bar 20 mm
Spacing 150 mm
area 2093.333 mm2
neutral axis depth(Xu) 94 mm
Stress in steel(Fs) 265 N/mm2
9(b). Height=3m
The retaining wall is analysed as fixed at bottom and free at top with a surcharge
16
2
1.476kN/m2 16kN/m
Fig-5
Strength of Concrete(fcu) 40 N/mm2
Strength of Steel(fy) 460 N/mm2
Modulus of Elasticity(Ec) 28 kN/mm2
2
Modulus of Elasticity(Es) 200 kN/mm
B 1000 mm
Over all Depth 300 mm
Cover(Cmin) 50 mm
d 242 mm
Moment 32 kNm
dia of bar 16 mm
Spacing 150 mm
area 1339.733 mm2
neutral axis depth(Xu) 79 mm
Stress in steel(Fs) 111 N/mm2
Strain in steel 0.000554 mm
Srain in Concrete at Y1((d+x/2) from
top) 2.77E-04 mm
Srain in Concrete at Y2(bottom face) 7.51E-04 mm
Em at Y1((d+x/2) from top) 1.E-04 mm
Em at Y2(bottom face) 3.78E-04 mm
acr for Y1((d+x/2) from top) 92 mm
acr for Y2(bottom face) 74 mm
Crack width at Y1((d+x/2) from top) 0.03 mm
Crack width at Y2(bottom face) 0.07 mm
Since the crack width is less than 0.3mm, the provided reinforcement (T16-150) is safe.
17
10.0 DESIGN OF SHEAR WALL
The shear wall is modeled as pier element (See Etabs Model) and was labeled as shown
in fig. Each area object that makes up a part of a wall is assigned as one pier label. The
walls are designed as compression elements under the combined action of in-plane
bending and axial forces. The design of the shear wall was done based on BS 8110-1997.
One sample design calculation for the shear wall (Pier P2) is given below.
P3
P2
P1
P5
P4
P12
P9
P6 P14 P11 P10
P8
P13
P7
P16
P15
18
Fig-6:- Labeling of shear wall
Sample Calculation (Shear wall-Pier P2)
Datas
2
Strength of Concrete(fcu) = 40N/mm
2
Strength of Steel(fy) = 460N/mm
2
Modulus of Elasticity(Ec) = 28N/mm
2
Modulus of Elasticity(Es) = 200N/mm
Modular Ratio(m) = 7.14
Length(L) = 5000mm
Thickness(t) =200mm
From Etab Analysis,
Maximum Axial Load(Ultimate)- Nu1 =3400kN
Minimum Axial Load(Ultimate)-Nu2 =575kN
Maximum Moment (Ultimate )-Mu1 =3827kNm
Maximum Axial Load(Service)-N1 =2430kN
Minimum Axial Load(Service)-N2 =480kN
Maximum Moment (Service)-M1 = 2734kNm
Reinforcement Ratio Provided(r) = 0.0136
Check for Ultimate Strengths
a) Ultimate Compressive Strength
Nu=(0.4fcu + 0.72fy × r) × t × L = 20504.32kN > 3400kN
Hence Safe
b)Ultimate moment
For maximum Compression
N N u1 3400
= = = 0.17
Nu Nu 20504.32
From Chart-1
M u max
= 0.145
N
u L
Then
Mumax = 0.145×5×20504.32 = 14865.63kNm >3827kNm
Hence Safe
19
For minimum Compression
Nu =Nu1 = 575
0.03
Nu N
u 20504.32
From Chart-1
M u max
= 0.11
Nu L
Mumax = 0.11×5×20504.32 = 11277.38kNm>3837kNm
Hence Safe
e = M1 =5695mm
N
2
e 5695
= =1.14
L 5000
For e/L = 0.23
20
Compressive Stress in Concrete =
c N max
1190.7 5.43N / mm2 16N / mm2
t (1 mr) 200 (1 7.14 0.0136
Hence Safe
For e/L = 1.14
we have
t (1 mr)
200 (1 7.14 0.0136
Maximum Stress in steel =
x
Hence Safe
21
Chart-1(N/N0--Mu/NuL)
Chart-2(Nmax/N0--e)
22
Check For Shear
1700 103
Shear stress(τ) = 2.13N/mm2
0.8 200 5000
Hence Safe
23
Table-2 – Shear wall Design output- Etabs
Required Provided
Pier Edge End End Ratio of Ratio of Shear
Story Label Location Bar Bar Spacing Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
24
SF P6 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
FF P6 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 507
GF P6 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
ROOF P7 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
SF P7 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
FF P7 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0029 0.0145 500
GF P7 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
ROOF P8 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
SF P8 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
FF P8 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
GF P8 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.014 500
ROOF P9 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
SF P9 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
FF P9 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
GF P9 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0145 500
ROOF P10 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0135 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0135 500
SF P10 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0135 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0135 500
FF P10 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0135 897.4
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0045 0.0135 894
GF P10 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0042 0.0135 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0135 500
ROOF P11 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
SF P11 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
FF P11 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
GF P11 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
25
ROOF P12 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
SF P12 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0141 500
FF P12 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0029 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0063 0.0141 500
GF P12 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0052 0.0141 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0036 0.0141 500
ROOF P13 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
SF P13 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
FF P13 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 671.2
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0061 0.0136 663.1
GF P13 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0036 0.0136 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0136 500
ROOF P14 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
SF P14 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
FF P14 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
GF P14 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0146 500
GF P15 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0138 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0138 500
GF P16 Top 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0137 500
Bottom 16d 16d 150 0.0025 0.0137 500
26
11.0 DESIGN OF RAMP
Y
X
Fig-7: Finite Element Model of Ramp
The ramp is modeled as shown in Fig.7. The ramp is assumed to be supported on wall on
the two sides.
Design of Ramp slab
From the analysis,
The Maximum Sagging Moment in shorter direction= 70kNm
The Maximum Hogging Moment in shorter direction= 40kNm
The Maximum Sagging Moment in longer direction = 16kNm
The Maximum Hogging Moment in shorter direction= 0kNm
Design of Bottom Reinforcement in Shorter Direction:-
Depth of slab provided = 250mm
Clear cover assumed = 70mm
Effective depth = 172mm
Moment = 70kNm
Mu
= 2.37
b d2
From Chart No.2 BS 8110 Part 3
Percentage of steel required = 0.67%
2
Area of steel required = 1152mm
Area of steel provided in the section =1340mm2
28
Area of steel provided in the section =1340mm2
Design of Horizontal Reinforcement:-
Thickness of wall provided = 250mm
Clear cover assumed = 70mm
Effective depth = 164mm
Since there is no horizontal moment
We have to provide minimum area of reinforcement
Area of steel required = 635mm2
Area of steel provided in the section =753mm2
29
12. DESIGN OF INSITU BEAMS (Span-17.4m)
The analysis of the beam was done by modeling it as a frame as shown in Fig-8. The
moment at the ends of beam is released. The Bending Moment and shear Force
Diagrams are shown in Fig-8 (a), Fig-8 (b) respectively.
1750kN(Ultimate)
120kN/m(Ultimate)
Hinge
Hinge
6500
17400
Fig-8: 2D Frame
1150kNm 1150kNm
11732kNm
2200kN
890kN
2200kN
250kN
250kN
= 1172.9mm
M
Area Tension steel required =
0.95 f y z
11732 106
=
0.95 460 1172.9
= 22889mm2
Area of steel provided in the section =24120mm2(30T32)
Hence Safe
Minimum Percentage of steel required at support = 0.13%
Area of steel required = 1248mm2
Area of steel provided in the section =8040mm2(10T32)
Hence Safe
31
Design for Shear:-
Shear force at face of support = 2200kN
3
Shear stress (v) = 2200 10
600 1480
2
=2.47N/mm2<0.8 f cu =6.19N/mm
Hence safe
Shear force at a distance‘d’ from the face of support = 1950kN
3
Shear stress = 1950 10
600 1480
2
= 2.19N/mm
100 As
= 0.9%
bd
From Table3.8 BS8110-1:1997
2
νc = 0.72N/mm
As v b(v vc )
We have =
Sv 0.95 f y
600( 2.54 0.72)
=
0.95 460
= 2.5
32
Moment due to Total load = 8250kNm
Moment due to permanent load = 7340kNm
Short term deflection due to total load:-
We have
x 1
M= Asfs(d- )+ bhfct(h-x)
3 3
6 x 1
8250x10 = 24120 x fs x (1480- ) + x 600x1600xfctx (1600-x) ----------------------- (1)
3 3
(h x)
Maximum tensile stress allowable in concrete (fct) = 1
(d x)
(1600 x)
= 1------ (2)
(1480 x)
We have
From the strain distribution
x Ec
fc = f s ---------------(3)
(d x) Es
33.37
= = 1.58x10-6/mm
658.7 32 10 3
1
Short term deflection due to creep = k L2
rb
From Table3.1, BS8110-2:1985, k= 0.083
Deflection = 1.58x10-6 x 0.083 x 174002
= 39.7mm
33
Short term deflection due to Permanent load:-
We have
x 1
M= Asfs(d- )+ bhfct(h-x)
3 3
6 x 1
7340x10 = 24120 x fs x (1480- ) + x 600x1600xfctx (1600-x) ----------------------- (1)
3 3
(h x)
Maximum tensile stress allowable in concrete (fct) = 1
(d x)
(1600 x)
= 1------ (2)
(1480 x)
We have
From the strain distribution
x E c f ---------------(3)
fc = s
(d x) Es
We have x= 660.2mm
2
fc = 29.66N/mm
1 = fc
Short term curvature
rb x Ec
29.66
= 3
= 1.4x10-6/mm
660.2 32 10
1
Short term deflection due to creep = k L2
rb
34
= 2 600 1600
2 (1600 600)
= 436.36mm
The value of creep coefficient (Ф) From Fig-7.1, BS8110-2:1985 for loading at 28 days
with indoor exposure condition is approximately 2
32
Eeff = =10.67N/mm2
(1 2)
We have
x 1
M= Asfs(d- )+ bhfct(h-x)
3 3
6 x 1
7270x10 = 24120 x fs x (1480- ) + x 600x1600xfctx (1600-x) ----------------------- (1)
3 3
(h x) 0.55
Maximum tensile stress allowable in concrete (fct) =
(d x)
(1600 x)
= 0.55 ------ (2)
(1480 x)
We have
From the strain distribution
x Eeff f ---------------(3)
fc = s
(d x) Es
22.63
= = 2.29x10-6/mm
924.4 10.67 10 3
1 2
Long term deflection due to creep = kL
rb
= 2.29x10-6 x 0.083 x 174002
= 57.54mm
35
Deflection due to shrinkage:-
1 cs c S s
=
rcs I
Es 200
c = = = 18.74
Ee ff 10.67
3
I= bx bx( x) As d x 2
2
c
12 2
= 2.978x 1011mm4
Ss = As d x
= 24120 x (1480-924.4)
= 13.41 x 106mm3
From Fig-7.2, BS8110-2:1985
cs = 327 x 10-6
Thus
36
13. DESIGN OF IN-SITU GROUND FLOOR SLAB (b/w grids 7, 8, E&F)
Material constants:-
2
Concrete fck = 40 N/mm
2
Steel fy = 460 N/mm
Shorter Span = 8100mm
Longer Span = 8700mm
Shorter span:-
Thickness of slab = 250mm
Diameter of bar = 16mm
Effective depth = 212mm
Mid-span Moment = 62kNm
Mu
= 1.37
b d2
From Chart No.2 BS 8110 Part 3
Percentage of steel required = 0.7%
Area of steel required = 1484mm2/m
Area of steel provided in the section = 2010mm2/m
Hence Safe.
Support Moment = 20kNm
Mu
= 0.44
b d2
From Chart No.2 BS 8110 Part 3
Percentage of steel required = 0.25%
Area of steel required = 530mm2/m
Area of steel provided in the section = 753mm2/m
Hence Safe.
Longer span:-
Thickness of slab = 250mm
Diameter of bar = 16mm
Effective depth = 196mm
Mid-span Moment = 60kNm
Mu
= 1.56
b d2
From Chart No.2 BS 8110 Part 3
Percentage of steel required = 0.77%
Area of steel required = 1509mm2/m
37
Area of steel provided in the section = 2010mm2/m
Hence Safe.
Support Moment = 18kNm
Mu
= 0.47
b d2
From Chart No.2 BS 8110 Part 3
Percentage of steel required = 0.25%
Area of steel required = 530mm2/m
Area of steel provided in the section = 753mm2/m
Hence Safe.
Check for Deflection:-
The total short term deflection from analysis = 8.86mm
The long term deflection from analysis = 19mm
The Total Deflection = 27.86mm
Permissible deflection = span/250 = 32.4mm
Hence safe
38
14. Design of Roof:-
The analysis of the roof was done by using modeling it as a frame as shown in Fig-9.
The frame is spaced at 4.05m apart.
Loadings:
Dead load
Concrete Roof Tile = 0.5 kN/m2
Ceiling and Services = 0.80 kN/m2
Live Load =1 kN/m2
Wind load:-
Wind pressure = 1.2kN/m2 (See Section 6.2)
From BS 6399 Part 2
External Pressure Coefficient Cp = 1.2
Internal Pressure Coefficient Cp = ±0.2
Max Wind Pressure = 1.2 x (1.2+0.2)
= 1.68kN/m2
Design of Purlins:
Provide purlins at 1.5m c/c
The purlins are designed as a simply supported beam with the following loads.
Total Dead Load coming in the Purlin = (0.5+0.8) x 1.5 = 1.95kN/m
Live Load = 1 x 1.5 = 1.5kN/m
Wind Load = 1.68 x 1.5 =2.52kN/m
From Staad analysis the section required is UB 125×65× 15mm
(As per BS 5950-2000)
39
Design of Main Beam:
Total Dead Load coming in the frame = (0.5+0.8) x 4.05 = 5.26kN/m
Live Load = 1 x 4.05 = 4.05kN/m
Wind Load = 1.68 x 4.05 =6.8kN/m
From Staad analysis the section required is UB 533×201× 102mm
(As per BS 5950-2000)
40
15. REFERENCES:
1. British standards, “Structural Use of Concrete”- Code of Practice for design and
construction (BS 8110-1:1997)
2. British standards, “Structural Use of Concrete”- Code of Practice for special
circumstances” (BS 8110-2:1997)
3. British standards, “Structural Use of Concrete”- Design Charts” (BS 8110-3:1997)
4. British standards, “Loading for Buildings”- (BS 6399-1,2,3:1996)
5. British standards, “Structural Use of Steel work”- (BS 5950:2000)
6. Universal Building Code -1997
7. A.W. Irvin ”Design of Shear wall Buildings,CIRIA(Construction Industry Research
and Information Association) Report.
8. L.J Morris and D.R Plum ”Structural Steel work Design to BS 5950”
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