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HIGHWAY ENGINEERING LABORATORY

ECG354
OPEN-ENDED LAB
SEPT 2018 – JAN 2019

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE


DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 18/09/2018
GROUP : EC 110 5I
GROUP MEMBERS
1. MUHAMAD FAZLAN BIN ZULKAFLI (2016472066)
2. MUHAMAD FAIZUL AZAM BIN NORZAILAN (2016616546)
3. MUHAMAD FARHAN HANIF BIN AZIZAN (2016455156)
4. MUHAMMAD HAFIZHIN BIN ABDUL HALIM (2016475686)
5. JUHAN SHAMEERUL BIN SHAHARUZAMAN (2016471942)

LECTURER : SIR MOHD MAWARDI MOHD KAMAL


LEVEL OF OPENESS : 0
MARKS COMMENTS
INTRODUCTION CO4 PO10
OBJECTIVE(S) CO4 PO10
METHODOLOGY CO4 PO10
RESULTS CO4 PO10
DISCUSSION CO4 PO10 2 4 6 8 10
CONCLUSION CO4 PO10 2 4 6 8 10
ORGANIZATION CO4 PO10 2 4 6 8 10

TOTAL MARKS
INTRODUCTION

The Aggregate Impact Value Testing Apparatus, meets with BS 812, it is designed to
determine the Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) of aggregates which provides a relative measure
of the resistance of an aggregate to sudden shock or impact. The counter fitted to the machine
automatically records the number of blows delivered to the sample, manufactured from heavy
duty plated steel to resist corrosion.

Due to traffic loads, the road stones are subjected to the pounding action or impact and
there is possibility of stones breaking into smaller pieces. The road stones should therefore be
tough enough to resist fracture under impact. A test designed to evaluate the toughness of
stone i.e., the resistance of the stones to fracture under repeated impacts may be called an
impact test for road stones.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of the tests are:

 To determine the aggregates impact value (AIV) of aggregate

APPARATUS

 Aggregate Impact Machine


 Steel cylinder moulds
 Tamping rod
 Sieves of sizes of 12.5 mm, 10.0 mm and 2.36 mm
 Laboratory oven
 Metal trays
 Electronic balance of accuracy to 0.01g
 Fine haired brush (3 mm)
BASIC CONCEPT
Aggregates play an important role in the design and construction of highway and air-field
pavements. They are also major part of rigid (concrete) and flexible (asphalt) pavements.
Aggregate is a combination of sand, gravel, crushed aggregate or other materials of mineral
composition. Aggregates used in road construction should be strong enough to resist crushing
and abrasion action under traffic wheel loads. It should not wear and abrade too easily. This
applies in particular to aggregate present in wearing courses and surface treatment. If the
aggregate is weak, the stability of pavement structure is likely to be adversely affected. The test
will also determine the strength quality of the aggregates. Toughness is the property of material
to resist impact. Due to the traffic loads, the road aggregates is subjected to the pounding action
or impact and there is a possibility of aggregate breaking into smaller pieces.

An average is taken of the two tests and the result is recorded to the nearest whole number as
the Aggregate Impact Value.

For weak aggregates, the required load for the first ten per cent fines test can be estimated by
means of the formula:
PROCEDURES

1) Aggregates sample was prepared by first sieving the aggregate and obtain the portion
passing 14.0mm test sieve and retained on the 10.0mm test sieve.
2) This aggregate portion was washed and dried in the laboratory oven at a constant
temperature of 100 to 110OC for not more than four hours. The aggregate sample that
had been prepared cooled to room temperature prior to test.
3) Aggregates were filled into the smaller steel cylinder in three layers. Tamp each layer of
aggregate for 25 times using a tamping rod. The tamping rod was adjusted to fall freely
from about 50 mm above the aggregate surface and it must be well uniformly spread
over (MS 30: Part 10: 1995) as shown in Figure 1. Level the surface with the tamping
rod as a straight edge to prepare the sufficient amount of aggregate on the top layer.

Figure 1: Tamp each layer of aggregate


4) The aggregates were putted into the bigger mould and apply 25 times tamping for each
layer.
5) The mass cylinder plus aggregates was weighed and recorded.
6) Assemble the sample in the apparatus and the hammer was released to fall freely on the
aggregates from a fixed vertical height of 380  5 mm. The sample was subjected to a
total of manual-controlled 15 blows as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Impact applied to the sample


7) Aggregate sample tested was removed from the mould and sieve through 2.36mm sieve
openings.
8) The aggregate fraction passing the 2.36mm test sieve was weighed.
9) Repeat thrice the test for the same batch of aggregate sample.

DATA

All data collected from the tests may be recorded into the following tables:
Table 1 shows about the data collected for three (3) sample.

No. of Sample 1 2 3

Mass of empty 0.775 0.774 0.774


cylindrical mold (kg)
Mass of cylindrical 1.126 1.078 1.118
mold + aggregate (kg)
Mass of aggregate 0.351 0.304 0.344
(kg)
Mass of empty sieve 0.249 0.249 0.249
pan (kg)
Mass of empty sieve 0.292 0.289 0.283
pan with fraction (kg)
Mass of fraction (kg) 0.043 0.040 0.034

AIV (%) 12.251 13.158 9.884

Average AIV (%) 11.764

Required load (kN) 326.504 303.998 404.494

Average required load 344.999


(kN)
Table 1: Data collected
CALCULATION:

𝐵 4000
No. Sample AIV = × 100% 𝑅𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐷 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 (𝑘𝑁) =
𝐴 𝐴𝐼𝑉

0.043 4000
AIV = × 100% 𝑅𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐷 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 (𝑘𝑁) =
0.351 12.251
1
=12.251 % =326.504 kN

0.040 4000
AIV = × 100% 𝑅𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐷 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 (𝑘𝑁) =
0.304 13.158
2
= 303.998 kN
= 13.158 %

0.034 4000
AIV = × 100% 𝑅𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐷 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 (𝑘𝑁) =
0.344 9.884
3
= 9.884 % = 404.694 kN

Table 2: Calculation for AIV and required load


DISCUSSION

Based on our experiment and collected data, the value of average percent wear that we
get for average three (3) sample are 11.764 % and it still not exceeding JKR’s standard, <30%.
So we can conclude that the aggregate impact value provides a relative measure of the
resistance of an aggregate to get impact under a sudden applied compressive load. The
aggregate are strong tough (based on Table 3) to have the resistance pressure under traffic
wheel loads such as car, lorry, motorcycle and etc. These aggregate have the stability of the
pavement structure.

There may be an error that can occur during the experiment. Firstly, the tamping layer
can be effect the reading because it’s done manually. To avoid it, only one person with
consistence strength and distance should do the tamping process, so that it can reduced error.
It’s more effective if can be doing using a machine than manually.

Aggregate Impact Value Classification

< 20% Exceptionally strong


10 – 20 % Strong
20 – 30 % Satisfactory for road surfacing
>35 % Weak for road surfacing

Table 3: Aggregate Impact Value Classification

CONCLUSION

From the experiment, we get average of percentage for Aggregate Impact Value,(AIV) is 11.764
% which is less than requirement of JKR’s. Aggregate physical property must lower than AIV,
because it is tougher and resistance to crush. We can conclude that the aggregate been used
are medium tough and resistant to be crashed. It’s because the value are more than half than
JKR’s requirement. These experiments are successful because it is still not exceed the JKR’s
requirement.
REFERENCES

 Determination of Aggregate Impact Value, https://theconstructor.org/building/building-


material/determination-of-aggregate-impact-value/1355/

 Civil Engineering Portal, https://www.engineeringcivil.com/aggregate-impact-value.html

APPENDICES

Table 4: JKR Standard Requirement

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