Class Today

• Print notes and examples

• Shear and Moment Diagrams
– Review bounded regions
– Drawing V&M Diagrams

• Example Problems
• Group Work Time
1
 Evaluation of internal structural loads
1. Cut through a multi-force structural member at a
specific point to calculate shear force (V), normal force
(N) and internal bending moment (M) at that point.
2. Divide a structural member into bounded regions and
write an equation to express how shear force and
internal bending moment vary along the length of the
member. [Integrate load on beam (2x) and solve for
constants of integration.]
3. Construct graphical diagrams showing variation of
shear force (V) and internal bending moment (M) using
“area method.” (does not give equations, just a graph)

2
 Bounded regions on a beam
• Whenever there is a change in load, a discontinuity is created.
• Divide beam into regions bounded by discontinuity in loading.
• The beam shown below has three distinct regions bounded by
(0 ≤ x < 3) (3 ≤ x < 5) (5 ≤ x < 8)
• AWLAYS Set origin (x = 0) at left end of beam.
• Cannot evaluate internal shear EXACTLY at the point of an applied
force. Must be just to the right or left of load.

Divide structural
member (beam)
into bounded
regions.
3
 Drawing V & M Diagrams
• Plot directly under
beam
• x = 0 at left end
• Plot shear first
• Then plot moment
• Shear and moment are
measured on y-axis
• Label each axis and
graph including
units
• Label all minimums
and maximums,
including points where
shear crosses x-axis.
• SHOW calculations
used to get values and
4
draw graphs.
 Area Method:
Rules for Constructing Shear Diagrams
1. Concentrated force creates a jump in the
shear diagram
Creates downward jump Creates upward jump
(or drop)

2. Change in shear equals area under load

diagram
3. Slope of shear diagram equals value of
distributed load
5
 Area Method:
Rules for Constructing Moment Diagrams

• Change in moment equals the area

under the shear diagram
• Slope of moment diagram equals the
value of the shear diagram.
• Concentrated moment creates a jump
in the moment diagram

Creates downward jump Creates upward jump