Research

Title HANUNUO’S RESILIENT COMMUNITY

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Complete and accurate, but simple and concise description of the study
being proposed
Focused on the variables to be studied, and does not mislead the reader on
the material to be covered in the study
Notes (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor):

ABSTRACT

Indigenous people are the members of society that was often been neglected, or if not, they were the
ones who often does not have a direct or has a difficulty in accessing the assistance from the local
government units, in terms of health-related issues, education, and most especially in times of crisis
and disaster. Because these people often lived at the skirts of the rural municipalities that they belong
to and the Mangyan tribes of Oriental Mindoro in southern Tagalog is one of those people.

Today, though several of this Indigenous tribes have been given the privileges to have opportunities
such as proper education. There is still an undeniable vast deficiency, it was still inadequate to lessen
or to give these people the rights equal to the ordinary townsman. These tribes are still lacking of
structures and facilities appropriate to their needs that will help them to cope with the unstoppable
change in our climate and rapid change in the development of the society towards modernity.
Background
of the Study
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The island Mindoro was formerly called “mait” , it was known to Chinese trader even before the
Spaniards came. In 1950 The Spaniards began to probe the island and later on named it as “Mina De
Oro” or mine of gold, after discovering some of these precious metals through this expedition. Though
there are no major discovery that were ever made. As the years past it was now arrived to its now
infamous name and was divided into two provinces Oriental and Occidental Mindoro.
(http://phch.eccmanila.org/tribal.html, 2016)

About some 600-700 years ago an indigenous tribe called as Mangyans began to settle at the
southeastern shores of Mindoro, it is said that they may have come from as far as Borneo and Sumatra.
Tracing upon the roots it is also evident that these people absorbed parts of whatever culture that they
have encountered the patent proof of this manifest with their present language and literature.

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Mangyan is a general term applied to all the original inhabitants of the island. Most of the time they
call themselves simply with it. But it is only when they call the attention to the fact that they alone are
the "Real Mangyans" that they start to address themselves as the Hanunoo Mangyans. (Postma, 1974)

They inhabit the mountainous region of Southern and Southeastern Mindoro with what can be called as
semi-permanent settlements. Their complete sustenance can be derived through swidden farming,
which is a shifting cultivation, that involves cutting and burning, this type of farming was outdated and
no longer tolerable. But as far as to their concern these ways have served them through generations and
unless somebody would try to teach them differently, they would probably continue to this method of
cultivation, for as long as the forces of the law and the circumstances permit it.
As years passed, the Mangyans have developed essentials skills for their way of living. They have
produced baskets with different shapes and sizes, cloths thru ginning, spinning and weaving, with their
own production of cotton. They also have learned forging their own tools and weapons, with the help
of the Malayan-type tools. (Postma, 1974)

There is one cultural item that have significant importance for their identity and that is their writing
system. It has Indic origin that resembles other Southeast Asian writing systems. Mostly engrave in
bamboos and other indigenous materials. This scripts prominently manifest with their intricate
symbolic poetry, called Ambahan, one of the important discovery that contribute in our history.
The way of life of the Mangyan tribe changed very little at the course of the century and will remain as
it is, as long as it was not jolted by other culture. But It was, if that's the case, because that did not quite
materialize. What did happen is still happening in the encounter of the Mangyan tribe with the ever-
advancing modern civilization. (Postma, 1974)

It was when the time that strangers riding boats where swept to the shores of the island. The Mangyan's
called this strangers damuong or dumaong which is very clever considering the way this stranger’s sets
foot to the island. The damuongs arrivals to the island played a huge part within the changes among the
Mangyan's way of life. With the continues arrival of the damuongs, the mangyans were forced to
move, which lead them to their current habitation the mountains of Mindoro. It gave them a splendid
isolation, but not for long. (Postma, 1974)

The tribe did not remain untouched. The fact is, they have accepted and copied various items of the
damuong or the lowlander's culture. For instances, like today they had added to their shopping list
items such as matches, flashlights and kerosene mostly for lighting. Even the most conservative
Mangyans have accepted these blessings of the modern civilization. It was just like their earlier
migration that brought them to the island of Mindoro. (Postma, 1974)

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 With the continues growth of the lowlander’s population, unfortunate events happen, These indigenous
people were stripped off with the lands they own by the land-grabbers, due to their beliefs and lack of
knowledge about land laws. Also, there are those Mangyans who, for one or another reason, choose to
have a lasting contact with the modern civilization. But rather than benefited by it, they took it as rule,
which lead them to be victimized and degraded. It is the same old sad story of the encounter between
the advance civilization and a primitive culture. (Postma, 1974)

They were taken advantage, employing them with the landlords with very low wages, which gave them
the thinking that it’s rightful for them since there are just Mangyans, that they are not equal with their
tagalog co-workers or can also be called as the christian civilization since most of them are.
Having been able to experience the culture they acquire the taste for the goods and services of the
civilization and later find themselves unable to make ends meet for themselves and their families.
Sinking them deeper into debt, causing them to enter into a permanent bondage with their landlord-
debtor. They have also acquired the shady sides of the "civilized" society. Several of them turned to
drinking and gambling, vices that were practically unknown to them before.
They do not seem to be the same person anymore. Those who have opted to accept the lowland
civilization of the Christian settlers, have as a consequence to become dependent to it. Gone are the
fierce pride, the sense of independence and self-reliance. They have lost much more than they have
gain from the encounter of the two cultures. (Postma, 1974)
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Short and concise description of the problem to be solved, including the

circumstances which suggested the research
Structure follows the inverted pyramid approach (general to specific
discussion)
Information obtained from various sources are properly be cited
Notes (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor):

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 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

When super typhoon Haiyan (locally known as Yolanda) struck the Philippines on the 8th
November 2013. The province of Mindoro was one of those highly affected and the mangyans
are significantly affected. Their homes and their “kaingins” (vegetable garden) where totally
damaged leaving them as one of the most vulnerable group but despite of the devastating event
the mangyan people seems to have been forgotten as there is no assistance that comes from the
local government.

The study shall therefore answer the following problems:

MAIN PROBLEM
With the scenario that arises every time such unfortunate event happens. What can be done to
strengthen the resiliency of this local indigenous people?

SUB-PROBLEMS
Statement of 1. How will the researcher come up with the design that will be beneficial for the
the Problem
resiliency of the group?
2. What are the solution that the researcher would introduce that will result to the
stronghold community?
3. What facilities are essential for the project that will showcase its edge as a resilient
community?
4. What design concept would be appropriate for this type of project?

GOALS & OBJECTIVE

The goal of the study is to come up with a design that is effective in establishing a resilient
community for the Mangyan’s Hanunoo tribe.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
1. To provide the hanunoo tribe the opportunities to have educational, medical, sports
and recreation sanitation and religious facilities.

2. To help in the preservation of the Mangyan’s culture of life.

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 3. To develop and propagate marketing agriculture products in the market/outlets to
satisfy and supplement their needs.

4. To establish a design of added shelters for the future expansion.

Grading Parameters (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor) 1 2 3 4 5

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State the main question of your study and sub-problems

State the main goal and objectives of the study
Goals / objectives answer the main problem / sub-problems
Notes (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor):

SIGNIFICANCE / IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The research is significant, because problems with the indigenous people is an existent
problem through generations. Today it is still recurrent and more magnified through times of
disasters and calamities. That is why the research would be relevant to the following:

1) The Mangyan’s as one of the IP’s for their well-being as a people, a member of the
community and a citizen of our country. Because these people are important facets in
Significance
of the Study the foundation of the historical roots of the municipality they belong to.

2) The Lgu (local government units) to recognize the needs of the IP’s (indigenous
People.)

3) The people or other member of the community, in order to come to their knowledge,
the struggles within this IP communities

4) The other researchers, to help them or give them reference for their future studies.

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Justification on the why the problem being investigated is important, and

what significance the result will have
Includes a statement on the relevance to felt needs, the potential
contribution of the research to new knowledge and policy implications

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 Postma, A.
(1974).
http://phch.e
Development
among the ccmanila.org/
Mangyans of tribal.html.
Mindoro. (2016, 12 14).
Philippine Retrieved
Quarterly of from
Culture and http://phch.e
Society
ccmanila.org/
tribal.html

Research Matias, D. M.
Framework (2012).
Assessing
Aldrin Victor Carla
adaptive
Bernardo, A. Z.
capacity of Pereira, R. L.
(2014). Creating
Climate-Disaster indigenous (2015).
Resiliency on the Palaw’ans in Resilient
Indigenous Mount Architecture
People, Mantalingahan, Research:
"Tagbanuas" , in Palawan, Typoons in
Coron, Palawan.
Philippines. the
Manila CIty:
Environmental Budapest: CEU Philippines.
and Climate eTD Collection. Parasyut.De
Change sign Team.
Research
Institute
University
Research Center
De La Salle
Araneta
University

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 Short The research, mainly focuses with the indigenous people, specifically the Mangyans of Mindoro, their
discussion of way of life and their struggles of living primitively in this era of modern technology. How are they
the Research coping in this times, that climate change was magnified, especially in the event of natural disasters?
Framework
The research, aims to help the tribe to be a resilient community, as they were, usually the last one to be
reach by the help of the local authorities. These are the ff. aspects to consider:

 Community Development – it is essential to have an effective community development in

fostering resiliency of the group.
 Cultural Heritage – heritage is one important aspects to consider, since this ethnic groups
culture represents the province rich culture.
 Disaster Management – an aspect that if effectively introduce to the IP Communities, would
definitely foster their resiliency.
 Technology Integration – introducing technology in helping the community's resiliency is
something to consider, since some of this technology has proven its effectivity.

Grading Parameters (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor) 1 2 3 4 5

(Very Poor) (Poor) (Fair) (Good) (Excellent)

Illustration captures the connection and relationship of the concepts/

issues being discussed
Concise discussion tallies well with the illustration
Notes (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor):

HANUNUO Mangyan’s
Resilient community

Review of
Related technologies
Literature
Shelter and community

RRL of at least
one literature
to be used in SHELTER & COMMUNITIES
the Research

 Assessing adaptive capacity of indigenous Palaw’ans in Mount Mantalingahan,

Palawan, Philippines

The capacity to adapt is contingent on different cultural, economic, political and social forces.
Additionally, spatial and social differentiations occurring at sub-national levels also result to

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differences in levels of vulnerability in one country. One social group often excluded in the
discussion of climate change is the indigenous peoples. Traditionally subsisting and living on
very minimal assets, they shape and are being shaped by the different ecosystems that they live
in and depend on. A group of indigenous Palaw’ans in Palawan, Philippines exhibit social-
ecological dynamics with their ancestral domain, part of which is declared a protected area
under the Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape. Through qualitative methods of key
informant interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation, this research aims
to determine the adaptive capacity of the Palaw’ans as a product of interrelationships among
cultural, ecological, and socio-political factors in the community. Specifically, this thesis aims
to answer the research question: how do multi-level governance, social-ecological dynamics,
and local perceptions of environmental change affect the Palaw’ans’ adaptive capacity? The
research finds that the Palaw’ans are highly dependent on ecosystem services, which are
affected by environmental changes and system boundaries of the ancestral domain and the
protected area. Non-government organizations are perceived by Palaw’ans to be more
supportive than government agencies involved in the polycentric governance of their area.
This thesis gathers knowledge on vulnerability grounded on practice and also demonstrates the
inadequacy of top-down approaches to climate change in marginalized groups. On a practical
level, the results of this thesis may also facilitate the formal awarding of the ancestral domain
title of the Palaw’ans. (Matias, 2012)

Special Feature:

This thesis uses a bottom-up approach that seeks to identify aspects of adaptive capacity and
variables of exposures and sensitivities empirically from the community (Smit and Wandel
2006). As such, this thesis uses three units of analysis (multi-level governance, social-
ecological systems, and local perceptions of change) that are broad enough to accommodate
conditions (cultural, ecological, social, or political) that are valuable for the community. These
units of analysis help in identification of which and how practical initiatives should be done
and who should be responsible for implementation (Smit and Wandel 2006).

The thesis will contribute to resilience studies by tackling a system with multiple boundaries,
different social actors, and different forces. The research site is unique, as it is within three
different boundaries of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) Man and Biosphere (MAB) reserve programme, Palaw’an ancestral domain, and

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Mount Mantalingahan protected area. The research focuses on the indigenous Palaw’ans, but
also studies the impacts of government and non-government entities in the system.

 Creating Climate-Disaster Resiliency on the Indigenous People, “Tagbanuas”, in

Coron, Palawan

The purpose of this research is to create a climate-disaster resiliency on

indigenous people, "Tagbanuas", in Coron, Palawan. Indigenous people's dependence and
close relationship to the natural environment define them to be vulnerable to climate change.
Palawan, regarded as the Philippines’ last frontier being the last unsettled area in the country is
not exempted to the consequences of the changing environment. The Tagbanuas tribe, one of
the oldest ethnic groups in the Philippines, has been affected by the environmental change.
This study aims to review and create concrete ways for resilience on this ethnic group as
climate change threatens their survival through assessing their food security, economic
stability, biophysical assessment, indigenous or psychological beliefs and institutional
framework. In addition, the study aims to draw creative ways based on their cultural beliefs
and the use of possible technology to create pertinent solutions on their vulnerability to
climate change. Auspicious environmentally maintainable economic development will also
form indigenous people’s resilience to climate change by enriching their economic status.
Additional income and access to resources allows vulnerable tribe populations to better adjust
to climate-related challenges and reduce weather-related losses. (Aldrin Victor Bernardo,
2014)

Special Feature:

the study aims to introduce ingenious ways based on the cultural belief and the use of possible
knowledge to react relevant solution in their vulnerability climate change. The possible hazard
of climate change to indigenous peoples’ actual way of life combined with numerous
legitimate as well as utilitarian barriers that affect the capability to cope with and adapt to
climate change. Climate change affects the lives of tagbanua in several aspect, warmer
weather and drying of wells were common impact and abundant disaster to tagbanuas. In some
point, indigenous people are vital to, and active in, the various ecosystems that dwell in the
territories and may
consequently help improve the resilience of these ecosystems. Indigenous people interpret and

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respond to the impacts of climate change in creative methods, drawing on traditional
knowledge and other equipment to discovery answers which may
support the society at large to cope with impending changes.

TECHNOLOGIES

 Resilient Architecture Research: Typhoons in the Philippines

Buildings are a second layer to our fragile bodies. They shelter us from the great dangers of
the outside world. But what Parasyut Design Team really wants to understand is: Why do our
buildings fail to meet their primary and most essential function in the face of a horrendous
event such as a Typhoon? And how does a person, a city, or even a whole country, recover
from the trail of destruction left behind when natural and political disasters are combined?
Our goal is to show that properly applied Architecture can simplify and solve some of the
greatest barriers to resilience, while unifying local and international communities. We chose to
work in the Philippines not only because of its location in the western Pacific Ocean, an area
hit by an average of 20 typhoons or tropical storms every year, but also because the Filipino
spirit is not easily broken and we have much to learn from their resilient culture. In the
following weeks we will be looking at different construction methods and materials, from the
past, to the future. (Carla Pereira, 2015)

Special Feature:

Vernacular architecture of Philippines can address the most common of structural problems
with its simplicity and logical arrangement of elements, space and materials. The houses are
built with a simple structure of bamboo and wood, covered by a thatched roof, that protect the
large windows from dissipating the hot air upwards moderating the temperature inside.
Vernacular Architecture of Philippines promotes natural ventilation, fast and economic
construction with local and organic materials, simple structure and climate concerns. Sunlight
and rain, with vented soffits to assist in dissipating the hot air upwards moderating the
temperature inside. Vernacular Architecture of Philippines promotes natural ventilation, fast
and economic construction with local and organic materials, simple structure and climate
concerns.

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 ASSESSMENT OF RELATED LITERATURE

The assessment findings showed similarities to the IP’s natural shelters that reflects lifestyle
of the tribe through customs, practice and traditions that several of the tribal communities, have
suffered from the economic problems such as poverty, literacy and health. They have the same
predicaments throughout generations.

In solving this problem they would need a genuine concern of the surrounding community
that they belong to, they would need assistance especially with this following concerns:

For the literacy, they would need a space for their school and learning center for the
appreciation and enhancement of education for greater understanding of the cultural and
ecological interest that concerns their community.

For the health, providing them the proper training for prevention and primary health care and
most specially a place which can sought immediate assistance for a minor health problem.

The technologies applied will be adapted to the proposed project to achieve a well sustainable
kind of architecture. This shown the importance of analyzing the surrounding environment to
anticipate possible problem that may arise and taking maximum advantage with the site location
to capture pleasant views and efficient building orientation, this also shows the effect of a well
oriented project which gives benefits both to the users and the environment.
Grading Parameters (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor) 1 2 3 4 5
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The structure of the RRL captures the overview, concepts and

explanations, and concluding discussion on the relevance of the
literature to the research
Concise discussion tallies well with the illustration
Notes (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor):

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Methodolog
y

Short RESEARCH DESIGN

discussion of
the The research study was designed for a community that would sustain the primary needs
Methodolog
y of the Hanunuo tribe in striving for its resiliency. The design must identify the requirements and
the criterion of the proposed project.
 General Research Design
The general research design studies and identifies the basic standard, criterion
and components of the proposed resilient community. It also covers elements and
requirements mandatory for the proposed project.

 Specific Research Design

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 The specific research was designed to study the detail of the elements of the
subject, particularly in the daily activity of the community.

INSTRUMENT / TOOLS USED

Participatory method and descriptive data gathering are the two research method that
is widely used. It will be acquired through observation, actual opinion or interview, study
documentary and questionnaire or random sampling.
Instruments:
 Observation – A type of data gathering through observing and to analyze the actual
condition of the site and recording of facts as of scientific study.

 Interview – To measure the respondent’s awareness regarding the problem.

 Documentary – Data gathering through books, magazines, journals and recording or

news events or social conditions in nonfictional but dramatically form.

 Books / E- Books - a collection of facts, informations and set of rules, conventions, or

standards.

 Camera - a portable electronic recording device capable of recording live-motion video

and taking photos or pictures.

 Laptop / Computer - An electronic device that stores and manipulates information. It is

able to store, retrieve, and process data.

Applications:
 Observation – Observing the proposed site, analyzing the actual condition and give
ocular inspection to the existing structure on how to develop and what is to be retained
or what is to be removed.

 Interview – A face-to-face meeting with the resource person like directors of an

indigenous community center that gives the researcher some helpful suggestions,
opinions and ideas.

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  Documentary/Reference Survey – Gathering of data’s from different reading materials
containing general information about the study which are not present on actual surveys
and observations.

DATA GENERATION
The study of data generation is considered as a back bone of the research. It is also part
of the research to be done as possible. This research study proposal instituted with the following
main sources of information.

 Primary Sources

o Interview – this is obtained through a question and answer form. It can gather
data on a much shorter time and much precise observation.

o Observation – using the acquired data gathered in determining the actual

conditions of the site location and its environment.

 Secondary Source
o Library works – The textbook and references. These were sources of relevant
information that were used in report and serve as the basics for the making of this
study

o Document Materials – related books, periodicals, articles publication and other

references related to study that are considered relevant.

o Maps / Graphics Info - Instrumental used of supplement site survey.

CORRELATION AND SYNTHESIS

At this point, gathered information/data are carefully screened, reviewed and
analyzed.

 Data Analysis:

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 Analyzation of gathered data to form the component parts contributory to the
general data and information though comparative views, arranged presentations and
refining of inputs.

 Integration:
Union of component data in terms of meaning interrelationship that will serve as
the common ground in making a through inform line of thinking and reference to the
study.

 Recommendation:
Assessment of researcher’s representation of suggestions, which is derived from
the conclusions to form a well, studies and carefully thought of solutions most, preferred
from the varied possibilities.

Grading Parameters (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor) 1 2 3 4 5

(Very Poor) (Poor) (Fair) (Good) (Excellent)

Illustration captures the connection and relationship of the

concepts/ issues being discussed
Concise discussion tallies well with the illustration
Notes (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor):

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 References
Aldrin Victor Bernardo, A. Z. (2014). Creating Climate-Disaster Resiliency on the Indigenous People,
"Tagbanuas" , in Coron, Palawan. Manila CIty: Environmental and Climate Change Research
Institute University Research Center De La Salle Araneta University.
Carla Pereira, R. L. (2015). Resilient Architecture Research: Typoons in the Philippines. Parasyut.Design
Team.
http://phch.eccmanila.org/tribal.html. (2016, 12 14). Retrieved from
http://phch.eccmanila.org/tribal.html
Matias, D. M. (2012).  Assessing adaptive capacity of indigenous Palaw’ans in Mount
Mantalingahan, Palawan, Philippines. Budapest: CEU eTD Collection.
Postma, A. (1974). Development among the Mangyans of Mindoro. Philippine Quarterly of Culture
and Society, pp. 21-37.
References

Grading Parameters (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor) 1 2 3 4 5

(Very Poor) (Poor) (Fair) (Good) (Excellent)

Reference list follows the APA style format

Reference list contains 80% books or journals and 20% other sources
Reference list is correctly cited in the background of the study and other
parts of the capsule proposal
Notes (To be filled up by the Evaluator/ Instructor):

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