J. Env. Bio-Sci., 2014: Vol.

28 (2): 207-208 ISSN 0973-6913 (Print), ISSN 0976-3384 (On Line)

ALTERATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ENZYME IN THE

BLOOD OF FRESH WATER FISH COLISA FASCIATUS INDUCED BY AZODYES
Poonam Gupta
Department of Zoology
D. A. K. College, Moradabad

Received: 06-08-2014 Accepted: 28-09-2014

The present study is an attempt to evaluate the toxic effects of two azodyes Metanil yellow (4- aniline azobenzene- m - sulfonic acid ) and
Bismark brown (2, 4 - diamino 3' amino azo benzene ) on succinic dehydrogenase activity in blood of a fresh water teleost Colisa
fasciatus. The enzymatic activity of succinic dehydrogenase was found to be depleted significantly (P< 0.01) at both acute and
chronic exposures in the blood of Colisa fasciatus intoxicated with metanil yellow and bismark brown. The decrease was quite
prominent following its chronic exposure (T4 ) of metanil yellow and bismark brown.

The environment is currently polluted by thousands of chemicals RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

or xenobiotics introduced into the environment by man to meet
the demands of modern era. The pollution is continuous and
alarming influx to aquatic environment worldwide from both
naturally occurring and anthropogenic resources1. The polluted
water may lead to the destruction of the beneficial species
either directly by effecting the aquatic forms of life or indirectly
through breaking the biological food chains such as fish and
their habitat and behavioural pattern2. The fish as a bio indicator
of aquatic medium, plays an important role in the monitoring
of water pollution because of sudden death of fish indicates
heavy pollution and the effects of exposure to sub lethal levels
can be measured in the terms of biochemical, physiological
and histological responses of the fishes3,4.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Living specimen of Colisa fasciatus were collected from local
fresh water resources and acclimatized in laboratory conditions
for a minimum period of seven days before experimentation.
Visibly healthy fishes were selected and treated with 0.1%
KMno4 solution and divided into five batches. One batch was
kept in water and was used as control. The remaining four
batches were kept in acute and chronic concentrations of
metanil yellow and bismark brown. Water was replaced
periodically and black paper was used to prevent any possible
photo-oxidation of the dyes. The fishes of all batches were
sacrificed at 48 hrs. and 96hrs. (acute exposure) and 15 days
and 30 days ( chronic exposure ). The blood was collected
from cut caudal vein and was allowed to clot at room
temperature and then centrifuged at 2000 rpm. The't' test of
Fisher was used to calculate the significance of data5.
Significant alteration in succinic dehydrogenase activity was
observed in the blood of Colisa fasciatus exposed to metanil
yellow and bismark brown ( Table- 1 ). The decreased activity
in the blood serum of Colisa fasciatus was found to be -18.72%,
- 25.29%, - 43.74% and -64.89% in response to metanil yellow
and -20.70%, -37.89%, - 54.63% and -71.64% in response to
bismark brown upon acute ( T1 and T2 )and chronic ( T3 and
T4 ) exposures respectively. All the results were statistically
highly significant ( P < 0.01 ).
Succinic dehydrogenase is a mitochondrial respiratory enzyme
which catalyze the conversion of succinate to fumerate in citric
acid cycle. Kreb's cycle function in the inner membrane of
mitochondria, is a major pathway for the generation of ATP
molecules 6. SDH is a primary enzyme in the oxidative
catabolism of sugars and as such is used effectively as a
marker of mitochondrial abundance and activity. Decreased
succinic dehydrogenase activity in the liver of C. batrachus
was reported upon exposure to congo red and bismark brown7.
SDH activity decreased in liver, kidney and blood of H. fossilis
under the stress of zinc and metanil yellow8. Significant
decrease in SDH activity was reported in liver, brain and gills
of C. batrachus intoxicated with endosulfan9. Decreased SDH
activity was reported in brain, gills, intestine and kidney of C.
punctatus exposed to the sub lethal concentrations of three
heavy metals mercury, nickel and chromium10.
Inhibited SDH activity was reported in gills, intestine, liver,
kidney, muscles and blood of H. fossilis under the stress of
lead nitrate11. Decrease in SDH activity was found in liver and
muscles of C. punctatus exposed to cycloart- 24-en- 3 B- ol
 Alteration in the Activity of Succinic Dehydrogenase Enzyme
Table-1. Alteration in the activity of succinic dehydrogenase (sdh ) induced by metanil yellow and bismark
brown in the blood of colisa fasciatus. values are mean +s. e. of nine observations each)
from Euphorbia royleana latex 12. SDH activity also increased
to 107%, 118% in muscles and 105% and 120% in liver of C. 4.
punctatus after 96 hrs. treatment to the sub lethal doses of
5.
Stem bark extract of Croton tiglium13. SDH activity depleted in
muscles, liver and brain while the enzyme elevated in kidney 6.
and intestine of C. punctatus when treated with carbamate
pesticide sevin14. Sub lethal exposure of cypermethin after 96 7.
hrs caused significant depletion in the activity of SDH in
muscles, liver, gonadal and nervous tissues of fresh water 8.
teleost C. fasciatus15.
9.
Significant inhibition in SDH activity was observed in the liver,
muscles and gills of L. rohita when exposed to sub lethal
concentration of sodium cyanide16. Rapid depletion was seen 10.
in SDH activity in liver, muscles, gills and kidney of L. rohita
treated with lethal and sub lethal doses of endosulfan and 11.
fenvalerate17.
The decrease in SDH activity can be associated with the 12.
inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory mechenism or
13.
dearrangement in ultra-structure, architectural intigrity and
permiability of mitochondria18. This prevents the
14.
transfer of electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in the
inhibition of SDH activity and shifting the aerobic metabolism 15.
to anaerobiosis .
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