PROBLEME

Curent alternativ
Example 7.1
An AC circuit consists of a pure resistance of 10 Ω and is connected across an AC supply
of 230 V, 50 Hz.
Calculate (i) current, and (ii) power consumed; further, (iii) write down the equation for
voltage and current.
Solution:

As in a pure resistive circuit, voltage and current are in phase with each other, and
therefore, current is given by the equation;

Example 7.2
An inductive coil having negligible resistance and 0.1 H inductance is connected across
200 V, 50 Hz supply. Fiind (i) the inductive reactance, (ii) rms value of current, (iii) power,
and (iv) equations for voltage and current.
Solution:
Inductive reactance,
X = 2 π L = 2 π × 50 × 0.1 = 31.416 Ω
Current,
I = V/X = 200/31.416 = 6.366 A
Power,
P=0
Now,

and
ω = 2 π f = 314 rad/s
ν = V sin ω t = 282.84 sin 314 t
In pure inductive circuit, current lags behind voltage by π/2 radian.
i = I sin (ω t − π/2) = 9 sin (314 t − π/2)

Example 7.3
A capacitor has a capacitance of 30 μF. Find its capacitive reactance for frequencies of
25 and 50 Hz. Find in each case the current if the supply voltage is 440 V.
Solution:
Capacitance of the capacitor, C = 30 × 10-6 F
Supply voltage, V = 440 V
When supply frequency, f = 25 Hz
Numericals
1. An AC circuit consists of a pure resistance of 20 Ω and is connected across an AC
supply of 240 V, 50 Hz. Calculate (i) current and (ii) power consumed; further (iii) write
down the equation for voltage and current.
(Ans. 12 A, 2880 W, ν = 339.4 sin 314 t, i = 16.97 sin 314t)
2. An inductive coil having negligible resistance and 0.1 H inductance is connected across
230 V, 50 Hz supply. Find (i) the inductive reactance, (ii) rms value of current, (iii) power,
and (iv) equations for voltage and current.
(Ans. 31.416 Ω, 7.32 A, zero, ν = 325.27 sin 314 t, i = 10.35 sin (314t − π /2))
3. A capacitor has a capacitance of 20 μF. Find its capacitive reactance for frequencies
of 50 Hz. Find the capacitive reactance and current if the supply voltage is 230 V.
(Ans. 159.15 Ω, 1.445 A)
7.6 R–L SERIES CIRCUIT
A circuit that contains a pure resistance R Ω connected in series with a coil having pure
inductance of L Henry is known as R–L series circuit. This is the most general case that
we come across in practice.
Example 7.5
A coil having a resistance of 12 Ω and an inductance of 0.1 H is connected across a 100
V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate the (i) reactance and impedance of the coil, (ii) current, (iii)
phase difference between the current and the applied voltage, and (iv) power factor. Draw
also the phasor diagram showing voltage and current.
Solution:
The circuit is shown in Figure 7.14.

The phasor diagram for the circuit is shown in Figure 7.15.

Example 7.7
A coil connected to 100 V DC supply draws 10 and the same coil when connected to 100
V, AC voltage of frequency 50 Hz draws 5 A. Calculate the parameters of the coil and
power factor.
Solution:
Let the resistance and inductance of the coil be R Ω and L Henry, respectively. When coil
in connected to DC supply, the opposition is only resistance of the coil,
Resistance of the coil,

When coil is connected across AC supply of 100 V, 50 Hz, the opposition is impedance
of the coil.
Impedance of the coil,

Now,

or

and

∴ Parameters are R = 10 Ω and L = 55.13 mA

Power factor,