BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY

3º DE E.S.O.

Chapter 5: HUMAN
REPRODUCTION
5.1 SOME CHANGES THAT TAKE PLACE IN
PUBERTY
G Growth of the breasts
I
Growth of the pubic hair
R
L Growth of the body

S First periods

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Years old
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
B
O Development of the genital organs
Y
Growth of the pubic hair
S
Growth of the body

First ejaculations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRyOcLSJDzk
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2ppw56_learn-about-the-male-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v22CjFYizi0
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Testes
 Primary organs
• Develop in the abdominal
pelvic cavity of fetus
• Descend into scrotal sac
shortly before or after birth
 Produce the male sex
cells (sperm)
 Produce the male
hormone testosterone
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Scrotum – sac that holds

the testes
Seminiferous tubules
On top of testes
Filled with spermatogenic cells
that produce sperm cells
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Epididymis
Sits on top of each testis
Receives spermatids from
seminiferous tubules of testes
Spermatids become sperm cells

Vas deferens
Tube connected to epididymis
Carries sperm cells to urethra
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Seminal vesicle
Secrete
• Fluid rich in sugar used to
make energy
Seminal fluid
•Released into vas deferens just
before ejaculation
• 60% of semen volume
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
Prostate gland
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Surrounds urethra
Produces and secretes a milky,
alkaline fluid into urethra just
before ejaculation
Fluid protects sperm in the acidic
environment of the vagina
40% of semen

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands

Produce a mucus-like fluid
• Secreted just before
ejaculation
• Lubricates end of penis
Semen

1.5 to 5.0 ml per ejaculate

Sperm count of 40 to 250 million / ml
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Scrotum
Holds testes away from body
Temperature 1° below body
temperature
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Penis
Shaft
• Erectile tissues surround
urethra
Glans penis
• Cone-shaped structure on
end of penis
Prepuce
• Skin covering glans penis
in uncircumcised males
Functions
• Deliver sperm
• Urination
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTkkhhXqxb8
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Ovaries (2)
Primary sex organs produce
• Sex cells called ova
• Hormones estrogen and
progesterone
Located in the pelvic cavity
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Fallopian tube – oviduct

• Function to “catch” an
ovum. Fecundation takes
place here
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Uterus
Hollow, muscular organ
Receives embryo and
sustains its development

Cervix – narrow, lower section

extending into vagina
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Vagina
Tubular, muscular organ
Extends from uterus to outside
body
5.2 OUR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Collectively known as
the vulva
Labia majora

Protect other external

reproductive organs

Clitoris Labia minora

Contains female erectile Fold of skin between labia
majora
tissue
Very vascular
Rich in sensory nerves
Perineum
Between vagina and anus
5.3 THE GAMETES AND THEIR FORMATION
5.4 THE OVARIAN AND UTERINE CYCLES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-muJsKp_G4
A series of changes take place in the ovary and the
uterus during the 28 days of the ovule maturation , these
are known as the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle
 THE CYCLE OF THE OVARY AND OVULATION
The cycle of the ovary last around 28 days. It consits of two stages:
1. Follicular phase and the ovulation (it lasts 14 days):
the maturation of the ovules and the release of the ovum
into the Fallopian tube so it can be fertilised
 2.The Luteal phase (from day 15 to 28): after ovulation the cells
that surronded the ovum are transformed into a mass of yellow
cells (the corpus luteum) . If fertilisation does not take place, this
mass of cells degenerates and a new cycle begins
THE CYCLE OF THE UTERUS AND MENSTRUATION

Lasts around 28 days and is the transfornation of the

internal wall of this organ, called endometrium

It consists of three phases

THE CYCLE OF THE UTERUS AND
MENSTRUATION

1. Menstruation: Last anywhere between 2-7

days. Blood and tissues that have built up on
the inner lining of the uterus flow of out of
the vagina
2. Proliferative phase: Lining of uterus
thickens and becomes rich in blood and
nutrients in case a sperm fertilizes the
egg
3. Secretory phase:
• Most of the time the egg is not fertilized
• If the egg is not fertilized the egg will begin to
dissolve
• Then the uterus no longer needs the extra blood and
tissue
• Then the menstrual cycle starts over again
THE CYCLE OF THE UTERUS AND
MENSTRUATION: HORMONS CONTROL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_wX285vrrU
http://sites.sinauer.com/levay4e/activities05.03.html
 5.5 THE PHASES OF FOETAL
DEVELOPMENT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h82ltr84_Yg
 5.4 THE PHASES OF FOETAL
DEVELOPMENT: FERTIZATION AND
EMBRYO IMPLANTATION
The stages of labour
5.6.2 ASSISTED REPRODUCTION:ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION
5.6.3 ASSISTED REPRODUCTION: THE IN VITRO
FERTILIZATION PROCESS
 5.7 MÉTODOS ANTICONCEPTIVOS

http://recursostic.educacion.es
/secundaria/edad/3esobiologia/3quincena10/index
_3quincena10.htm

5.7 BIRTH CONTROL METHODS

www.hss.gov.yk.ca/pdf/birthcontrol_methods_en.pdf