Evaluation and Comparison of Dental Arch Width, and Palatal Depth in Different Facial Pattern of Untreated Adults.

EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF DENTAL ARCH WIDTH, AND PALATAL DEPTH IN DIFFERENT
FACIAL PATTERN OF UNTREATED ADULTS.

INTRODUCTION
Dimensional changes in dental arches are compensatory instruments that happen because of development and are
required to keep a parity and keep up a concordance between the valuable and helper needs of the face and
dentition. The estimations of the dental curves change intentionally in the midst of advancement and enhancement
period, paying little mind to whether no treatment is controlled. The estimations and morphology of the dental
curves have great impact on orthodontic assurance and treatment orchestrating, affecting space openness, dental
style, dentition security and the prospects for a decent headway.
Arch Width is the separation between the upper and lower jaw, for the most part conveyed in millimeters. The
intercanine, interpremolar amd intermolar partition may be alluded to as the arch width.
According by Hawleys, flawless curve width relied upon a symmetrical triangle with a base addressing the bury
condylar width. The lower front teeth were sorted out on a curve of a hover with a span controlled by the joined
width of the lower incisors and canines, with the premolars and molars agreed with the second and third molars
toward within.
The confirmation of dental curve shapes is a multifactorial quality. The genetic fragment could be to some degree
related to vertical advancement structures and to normal portions related to utilitarian strong and nearby factors.
The condition of the tooth curve is related to the vertical estimation and furthermore the jaw transverse is related to
the vertical skeletal advancement.
To the extent the refinement in curve width among guys and females, Wei (1970) assessed cephalograms of
Chinese grown-ups and noted sexual orientation contrasts in maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths. Eroz et
al. (2000) definite that in children, guys had altogether greater intermolar widths when contrasted and females.
Studies have demonstrated male curve widths were altogether more prominent than female curve widths.
Orthodontic treatment are adjusted by curve shapes, which must be respected to keep up a key separation from
honest to goodness results, for instance, descend into sin or iatrogenic mischief to teeth being moved past their
bone edges.
A conclusive help of the maxillary denture is the bone of two maxilla and palatine bone. They frame the foundation
for the hard sense of taste and give extensive help to the denture Hard sense of taste is inspected for its shape,
stature, width and the nature of mucosa and submucosa covering it, high and wide palatal vault will oppose
horizontal removal of the denture and supply denture support and surface zone for maintenance .
Palatal measurements are statically extraordinary among sex and race, so that, there is chance to build up criteria
by which the dental specialist and legal doctor can foresee the race and sex of obscure individual moreover the
palatal measurement may shape a reason for ID of numerous infection like Marfan and Downs disorder.
The type of palatal vault give a plan to the first formof the dental curve before the evacuation of the regular teeth
and resorption of remaining edge. Perfect connection between the denture and facial delicate tissue give the
premise to the dissecting the magnificence and grin. The boundary of upper foremost teeth is essentially influence
the position and articulation of the lip and the lower some portion of the face,insufficient lip bolster coming about
because of the lower teeth finding too far posteriorly is described by dropping of the edge of the mouth, decrease in
the noticeable piece of the vermilon fringe of the lip ,deepings of nasolable notch, wrinkles over the vermilon
outskirt ,deepings of sulci and decrease in unmistakable quality of philitrum.
A high and thin palatal vault was portrayed as one of the particular features of front open nibble. The indicated
high vault sense of taste may be suggested synonymously as the over development of back maxillary dentoalveolar
stature, or, in other words refered to causal factor in foremost open chomp cases.
A brooding look singular usually has littler transverse estimations (dolichofacial) and a short-stand up to singular
more broad transverse estimations (brachyfacial). Solid masticatory musculature is as often as possible associated
with a brachyfacial(short confront). This strong hyperfunction causes an extended mechanical stacking of the jaws.
This, along these lines, may cause an acknowledgment of sutural improvement and bone connection which by then
outcomes in expanded transverse development of the jaws and bone bases for the dental curves.
Facial structures are grouped by facial file which is the proportion of facial stature to facial broadness. Facial
record is anatomically delegated:
a) Hypereuryprosopic confront (extremely expansive face, extend <79.9),
b) Euryprosopic face (broad face, range, 80-84.9)
c) Mesoprosopic face (round face, range, 85-89.9),
d) Leptoprosopic face (long face, range, 90-94.9) and
e) Hyper leptoprosopic face (very long face, range, >95).
This craniofacial area of the body is subject to changes more particularly during growth and development period.
Facial development occurs mainly between the fourth and eight weeks of gestation. Five facial primordia appear
early in the fourth week around the large primordial stomodeum, the single frontonasal prominence, the combined
maxillary prominences and the paired mandibular prominences, the five facial prominences are dynamic focuses of
growth in the fundamental mesenchyma. The average width of the face has been found to increase slightly during
adulthood. Genetics and environmental factors are responsible for the variations in craniofacial dimensions and
heredity may be responsible for the phenotypic expression of the biological variability observed in the craniofacial
complex . The sort of head and face relies upon numerous variables, for example, ethnicity, hereditary impact,
traditions, nutrition, certain pathology conditions, condition and atmosphere. It is now known that secular change is
not restricted to stature, but encompasses the axial, appendicular and facial skeletons. In short secular change is not
ceasing , as each population faces its own unique combination of evolutionary force.
India is a country with such an intricate and shifted ethnic arrangement of its population. Indian population is
characterized based on anthropometric information gathered from different population.
Human face curve has been an interesting topic for anatomists, anthropologists, forensic scientist, etc. The facial
index of the North Indian population is mainly Leptoprosopic as compared to other zones from where it mainly
falls under mesoprosopic class.
Cephalic index was calculated using the formulae:

Cephalic index= maximum skull width/maximum skull length×100
Morphologic facial index:

I= morphologic facial height / bizygomatic width ×100.
Comparison of arch width and palatal depth in various facial patterns is important in deciding the treatment plan. In
this study we are trying to findout the comparison between arch width and palatal depth in maxillary arch and arch
width in mandibular arch with various facial patterns in nonorthodontic adult population.
The three facial patterns namely Leptoproscopic ,Euryproscopic, and Mesoproscopic given by martin and sellar are
supposed to have a correlation with the arch width of maxillary and mandibular dentition.The study would provide
an exact comparison between dental arch width in three types of facial pattern and palatal depths with respect to
the three facial patterns.
This examination were to research of comparison between dental arch width and palatal depth and facial pattern
characterized by the steepness of the mandibular plane ,and to inspect the distinction in dental arch width among
male and female untreated aduts.
The comparison of dental arch width and palatal depth of maxillary arch and arch width in mandibular arch width
various patterns is important in deciding the treatment plan whether to go for extraction or choosing a non
extraction treatment.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The study tries to find out the comparison between arch width and palatal depth in maxillary arch and arch width in
mandibular arch with various facial patterns in non-orthodontic adult population.
The comparison of arch width and palatal depth of maxillary arch and arch width in mandibular arch with various
facial patterns is important in deciding the treatment plan whether to go for extraction or choosing a non-extraction
treatment.
REVIEW LITERATURE
MICHAEL MARS [1973]

Investigations of subjects with unoperated clefts of the lip and sense of taste have been embraced for as long as 80
years. The general accord in the writing identifying with the unoperated UCLP subject recommends that they have
the potential for close typical facial development.
BILIN SPRING HSU [1998]23

This examination was proposed to research the possibility of the bend width balance for patients with preeminent
open snack, paying little heed to whether dental or skeletal in nature, and clear up the general impression of "high"
palatal vaults for front open eat cases, to guarantee if there are "absolutely high" or "respectably high" palatal
vaults. The back maxillary bend is constrained skeletally. The back mandibular bend is widened dentally.Anterior
open eat clusters revealed an apparent back transverse discrepancy.The palatal profundities of the subjects with
front open snack were conventional.
ROBERT T. LEE [1999]25

An investigation of the writing uncovers an assortment of feelings on the potential for change in curve
measurements. The varieties in test sizes, treatment mechanics, and maintenance regimens may darken pertinent
findings.The utilization of extension can be viewed as relevant in the developing youngster. In any case, it is hard
to anticipate how much this would have happened from normal development in any person. There is no proof that
machines can animate "development" past that whichwould happen normally.The nearness of crossbites will
influence the space accessible inside the curves. The adjustment of such crossbites is for the most part achievable
by a mix of curve development and constriction, intercuspation of teeth, and potential change in the vertical resting
position of the tongue.Arch extension will probably be steady without extractions and is best in the back locale.
There is probably not going to be steady development of the lower intercanine width except if the canines are
dislodged lingually by the occlusion.Expansion of the curves posteriorly can be accomplished all the more
promptly where anteroposterior development of the curves likewise happens. An upper curve moved distally is
probably going to suit development and, related to this, some extension of the lower curve might be accomplished
to a lesser extent.Each individual ought to be surveyed to distinguish any elements that may permit development
both of the entire curve or of individual teeth. Be that as it may, the space gain might be not as much as expected,
with extension posteriorly permitting a reduction in the curve profundity of around 33% the measure of
development accomplished.
VIRGILIO F. FERRARIO [2002]20

A 10-year longitudinal assessment of the morphology (size and shape) of hard tissue sense of taste was performed
in 6 female and 6 male solid grown-ups (mean age at the second assessment was 33 years, SD = 2.2). All subjects
had a total perpetual dentition, including the second molars, and were free from respiratory issues. Palatal tourist
spots were digitized with an electronic 3D instrument, and their directions were utilized to infer a scientific model
of palatal shape. Palatal shape (estimate autonomous) was surveyed by a fourth-grade polynomial in the sagittal
and frontal plane projections. Palatal measurements in the frontal and sagittal planes were processed and looked at
between the 2 assessments by matched Student t tests. An incredible fluctuation was watched, and no noteworthy
adjustments in size were discovered (P >.05 for all variables).No varieties fit as a fiddle were watched.
THOMAS STAMM [2003]22

To research morphological contrasts of the hard sense of taste in babies with Down disorder (DS) contrasted and a
volumetric-coordinated control gathering (CG).The sense of taste of DS newborn children in the initial 6 to multi
month of life is of typical shape yet significantly littler contrasted and sound normals. From 6 to 9 months ahead,
the development example of the hard sense of taste in DS newborn children diminishes unpredictably. High-curve
contracted palates could, in this way, be deciphered as optionally obtained in later life. We in this way conjecture it
could be invaluable to start oral strong animating treatment somewhere in the range of 6 and 9 months of age
which may counteract palatal shape adjustments and improve oral capacity which likewise adds to maxillary
advancement The hard sense of taste of babies with Down disorder is of typical shape in the initial 6 to 9 months of
age yet significantly littler in each of the 3 measurements contrasted and solid normals. From the age of 6 to 9
months ahead, the development example of the hard sense of taste changes in the different planes of room.
Anatomical bends, for example, high-angled, slender shapes could subsequently be translated as optionally
procured in later life. To anticipate palatal shape changes and upgrade oral capacity which additionally adds to
maxillary improvement it could be worthwhile to start oral solid invigorating treatment somewhere in the range of
6 and 9 months of age.
CHUN-HSI CHUNG [2003]20

The purpose behind this examination was to explore the longitudinal craniofacial improvement changes in
untreated skeletal Class I subjects with low, typical, and high MP-SN focuses. The longitudinal advancement
changes from ages 9 to 18 of 68 skeletal Class I subjects with low, ordinary, and high MP-SN edges were assessed.
Our choices are according to the accompanying:
1. At age 9, for young fellows, colossal differentiations were found between the low-and the high-point clusters in
SNA, SNB, ANB edges, convexity, facial lessening, AFH, PFH, PFH:AFH, ANS-Me, gonial edge, ramus stature,
PCB, Y-rotate, and mandibular incisor to NB (mm).
2. At age 9, for young women, basic differentiations were found between the low-and the high-point groups in
SNA and SNB edges, ACB, facial reduction, PFH, PFH:AFH, ANS-Me, saddle edge, gonial edge, and ramus
stature.
3. From ages 9 to 18, the SNA and SNB focuses extended in all social occasions, and the ANB edge reduced in all
get-togethers. The male high-point bundle showed a more essential lessening in ANB edge than did the male low-
edge assemble . Among the females, there was no refinement between social affairs.
4. From ages 9 to 18, a mandibular forward rotate (snack closing) was noted in all social occasions with a decrease
in MP-SN and gonial edges and an extension of PFH:AFH extent.
5. From ages 9 to 18, few changes in the dental estimations were found in all social events.
6. Similar advancement changes were found among male and female social occasions in most dapper estimations,
anyway stepped sex contrasts were found in most straight estimations. Folks had greater all around characteristics
in these immediate estimations than females.
VIRGILIO FERRUCCIO FERRARIO [2003]38

A 10-year longitudinal assessment of the morphology (size and shape) of hard tissue sense of taste was performed
in 6 female and 6 male solid grown-ups (mean age at the second assessment was 33 years. All subjects had an
entire changeless dentition, including the second molars, and were free from respiratory issues. Palatal tourist spots
were digitized with a mechanized 3D instrument, and their directions were utilized to infer a scientific model of
palatal frame. Palatal shape (measure autonomous) was evaluated by a fourth-grade polynomial in the sagittal and
frontal plane projections. This investigation demonstrated that in sound subjects, hard tissue palatal morphology
does not appear to change between the third and the fourth many years of life.
MAHMOOD K. AHMED [2005]41
This study aimed to measure the palatal depth, maxillary and mandibular arch widths and circumferences in three
groups: class I open bite, class I deep bite and class I normal occlusion, to compare the results among the three
groups and to find the correlation coefficient among the different variables in each group separately to identify any
possible correlation among palatal depth, maxillary and mandibular arch widths and arches circumferences.The
palatal depth was the highest in open bite followed by normal and then in deep bite. The intermaxillary widths
were the highest in normal occlusion followed by deep bite and then open bite. No significant differences were
seen in the mandibular widths among the three groups. Correlation coefficient among variables expressed
considerable variation.
- The palatal depth was the highest in open bite followed by normal and then in deep bite.
- The intermaxillary widths were the highest in normal occlusion followed by deep bite and then
open bite. No significant differences were seen in the mandibular widths among the three groups.
- Correlation coefficient among variables expressed considerable degrees of variation.
MATTHEW FORSTER (2008) 1

The objective of this examination were to explore if a relationship exists between dental arch width and the vertical
facial precedent directed by the steepness of the mandibular plane, and to take a gander at the refinements in dental
bend widths among male and female untreated adults.The dental bend widths in folks were by and large more
conspicuous than those in females. In the two folks and females, as MP – SN edge extended, bend width had a
tendency to reduce. Since dental bend width is connected with sexual introduction and facial vertical morphology,
using individualized archwires as shown by each patient's pre-treatment bend edge and widths is prescribed in the
midst of orthodontic treatment.
ZEINA M AHMAD [2009]37
To put a bases for the forecast of the periphery of fake front teeth relying upon the palatal measurements huge
relationship was found between the measurement of the palatal vault and the outline of upper foremost teeth. the
edge of boundaries of upper foremost teeth of tight short and profound sense of taste will be more decreased than
those one in the wide, long and shallow sense of taste.
MEENA KUMARI [2010]

To compare at the vertical facial and dental arch dimensional changes happening with extraction and nonextraction
orthodontic treatments.Vertical dimensional changes demonstrated no critical contrast among extraction and non-
extraction gatherings. Intermolar widths and curve profundities diminished in the two curves in the extraction
gathering while the maxillary intermolar width expanded in the non-extraction group.t is helpful for the clinician to
know the impacts of various treatment alternatives and what they offer to their patients.The point of this
examination was to think about the vertical facial and dental curve dimensional changes happening in patients
treated with non-extraction, with those treated with four first premolar extractions.An increment in vertical facial
measurements was seen in both extraction and non-extraction bunches after treatment. Vertical dimensional
changes demonstrated no huge distinction among extraction and nonextraction gatherings. As to curve
measurements, the extraction amass demonstrated an abatement in intermolar widths and curve profundities in the
two curves, while there was an expansion just in the maxillary intermolar width in the non-extraction gathering.
NABILA ANWAR [2010]

To think about curve shapes in different vertical facial examples and to make curve frame guides dependent on
back intermolar widths.Wide bring down curves were dominating in all face composes though wide upper curves
were overwhelming in both hypo-and hyperdivergent subjects. A non-direct relationship was found between curve
length and curve width; so curve frame aides couldn't be made for particular face composes
ANA EMILIA OGODESCU [2011]4
Our aim was to build up a particular system and to prepare in examining the progressions on successive dental
throws, with the end goal to start a Longitudinal Growth Study. The particular changes and the evaluated
separations that expanded and diminished amid various age arranges in kids that have not been orthodontically
affected exhibit the gigantic capability of characteristic development, advancement and tooth arrangement. In the
greater part of the cases bring down incisors emit to some degree lingually and in a somewhat unpredictable
position, however have the propensity and begin to adjust soon. Front curve length and profundity builds due to the
more labial ejection position of the lasting incisors. Back curve length as a rule diminishes due to the breathing
space, with the exception of the emission of upper perpetual canines, when it marginally increments. Intercanine
width increments amid the ejection of perpetual incisors, at that point can diminish toward the start of canines
emission and increments later once more. The dimensional contrast among perpetual and essential teeth and the
estimation of spaces between essential teeth are imperative parameters in space examination at various stages.
ARNALDO PINZAN [2011]

This examination assessed dental curve dimensional changes of Brazilian kids. In the examined age extend,
foremost maxillary length expanded from 10 to 12 years old, guys had bigger maxillary profundity than females
and the prevalent curve shape was circular.
RAJAT MANGLA [2011]

The motivation behind this investigation was to assess mandibular morphology in various facial composes utilizing
different parameters.The reason for this examination was to Evaluate mandibular morphology in various facial
composes utilizing different parameters. To involve the accomplished outcomes into conclusion and treatment
arranging of patients requiring orthodontic treatment. The symphysis with the vertical development design had a
vast stature, little profundity, substantial proportion, and little point. Interestingly, a symphysis with a level
development design had a little stature, vast profundity, little proportion, and substantial point. Sexual division was
found with mean symphysis tallness and profundity in the female example being littler than in the male example
yet symphysis proportion was bigger in the female example. The ramus tallness was observed to be altogether
littler in hyperdivergent assemble than hypodivergent gathering. Sexual dimorphism was altogether apparent with
guys having more prominent ramus stature than females. The ramus width was likewise observed to be littler in
hyperdivergent gathering and guys had more noteworthy qualities than females. Mandibular profundity
demonstrated littler qualities in hyperdivergent gathering and distinct sexual division with more noteworthy
qualities in guys were found. Antegonial indent profundity uncovered more noteworthy qualities in hyperdivergent
gathering and no sexual dimorphism was found. Gonial point, FMA, and mandibular curve edge were observed to
be essentially expanded in hyperdivergent aggregate with no sexual dimorphism. The mandible appeared to have
held its childish attributes with every one of its procedures immature in hyperdivergent gathering.
ANAS K. HAMDY [2011]

This examination was to survey and take a gander at dental bend and alveolar widths of patients with Class II
division one malocclusion with social event of untreated regular obstruction subjects. Maxillary molar teeth in
subjects with Class II division 1 maloccluSion tend to review to the buccal to reimburse the lacking alveolar base
therefore quick maxillary augmentation instead of moderate maxillary improvement should be considered in the
midst of treatment of Class II division 1 patients. The outcomes of our examination suggested that transverse
irregularity in Class II division one malocclusion began from upper back teeth and maxillary alveolar base.This
ponder contemplates bend and alveolar widths of patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion and subjects with
Class I ideal obstruction in the unchanging dentitionMaxillary interpremolar width, all maxillary alveolar widths,
and mandibular premolar and molar alveolar widths were basically littler in the Class II division 1 gather when
differentiated and the common hindrance sample.Upper alveolar intermolar width was littler, and upper and lower
intermolar width was more essential in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion when differentiated and the
customary obstacle sample.Maxillary molar teeth in subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusions tend to incline
buccally to compensate for the insufficient alveolar base.For that reason, snappy maxillary improvement rather
than moderate expansion may be considered already or in the midst of the treatment of a Class II division 1 calm.
SALTAJI H [2012] 18
The goals of the examination were to assess the relationship between facial morphology and overjet in untreated
preadolescent Class II patients, and to recognize the craniofacial qualities of Class II patients with ordinary,
expanded, and extraordinary overjet in an example of the Syrian populace. An affiliation was found between the
overjet esteem and the propensity toward a hyperdivergent design. As the overjet expanded, (S-N∶Go-Me, SPP∶Go-
Me, Sum [Björk], Y-pivot point, and N Go Me) tended to increment and (S-Go/N-Me, Ar-Go, and N-Me) watched
out for decrease.This affiliation was more grounded in females than in guys. Subjects with an ordinary overjet
demonstrated an even facial example and a back tendency of the maxilla, though expanded overjet subjects showed
an impartial facial example with proclined bring down incisors. Conversely, subjects with an outrageous overjet
had a vertical facial example, front tendency of the maxilla, and a short mandibular ramus.The mandible was
retrognathic and the maxilla was ordinarily situated in the three gatherings.
JUCIENNE SALGADO RIBEIRO [2012]

The destination of the longitudinal examination was to survey transverse changes in the dental bends of individuals
with run of the mill obstacle or Angle Class I malocclusion in the midst of mixed dentition and to assess whether
these movements relate with the improvement case of the general population. There were additions in maxillary
and mandibular intercanine widths. There were augmentations in maxillary and mandibular intermolar widths. A
relationship was found between maxillary intermolar widths and facial precedent.
MORIO MASUNAGA [2012]

This investigation was embraced to inspect which factors added to the rectification of swarming in two patients
who experienced nonextraction orthodontic treat-ment. An examination show investigation was led to de-termine
the impacts of the orthodontic treatment for swarming with high canines on crown angulation and dental curve
width in two patients. The outcomes demonstrated that the crown angulation was essentially expanded, showing
distal tipping in the maxillary dental curve. This inclination was most regularly seen in the premolars among the
parallel teeth. Concerning the dental curve width, the biggest change was clear in the primary molar and first
premolar areas in cases 1 and 2, separately. Based on these outcomes, up-correcting of mesially tipped horizontal
teeth and extension of tight dental curves could turn out to be the keys to the achievement of room recovering or
rectification of high canines and gentle crowding.In the present examination, an investigation demonstrate
examination was completed to decide the impacts of nonextraction orthodontic treatment for swarming with high
canines on crown angulation and dental curve width. The outcomes demonstrated that the crown angulation was
altogether expanded, showing distal tipping in the upper dental curve. This propensity was found for the most part
in the premolars among the horizontal teeth. In this manner, high canines may happen be-cause the canines
ordinarily emit among the sidelong teeth, in spite of the fact that the space for emission is lacking. Then again, the
noteworthy mesial tipping of the crowns was exhibited as a reason for high canines in light of the fact that
uprighting of these teeth adjusted the swarming.
CHANDRALEKHA .B [2012] 47
The present study investigated the role of masseter in the craniofacial growth and maxillary dental arch width.
Masseter muscle thickness was used as an indicator of its activity.
a. The masseter muscle thickness is more in males than females, but does not exhibit significant difference between
Class I and Class II groups.
b. An increase in masseter thickness is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the maxillary dental arch
width.
c. Increase in masseter muscle thickness causes more horizontal growth of the face and the resulting facial type
will be brachyfacial
ROBERTO HIDEO SHIMIZU [2012]

To evaluate changes in intercanine (LICW and UICW) and intermolar (LIMW and UIMW) widths on the dental
arches of subjects with conventional hindrance and Angle Class I malocclusion in the midst of the advancement to
never-ending dentition, and survey paying little heed to whether facial precedent consequences for the normal
enhancement of the dentition and occlusion.There was a development in dental bend width in the midst of the
advancement time allotment from fundamental or mixed dentition to enduring dentition autonomous of facial
model. Simply the movements found in the maxillary intermolar width were connected with the facial pattern.The
purpose of this longitudinal examination was to evaluate transverse changes in the dental bends of individuals with
normal obstruction or Angle Class I malocclusion in the midst of mixed dentition and to review whether these
movements interface with the improvement case of the individuals.Given the possibility of this longitudinal
examination, the model considered and the results achieved, the going with finishes could be drawn:There were
augmentations in maxillary and mandibular intercanine widths.There were additions in maxillary and mandibular
intermolar widths.A relationship was found between maxillary intermolar widths and facial precedent.
CRISTINA GRIPPAUDA BRUNO OLIVA [2013]16

The inspiration driving this examination is to evaluate the association between dental bend outline and the vertical
facial precedent controlled by the point between the mandibular plane and the premier cranial base (Sella-
nasion/mandibular plane edge (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients.Curve frame is a one of a kind
articulation of individual improvement in light of the fact that there are numerous little yet huge varieties in curve
shapes. In this examination, ends can be outlined as pursues. The vertical development designs are connected with
the transverse development of the upper curve in skeletal class II.This relationship isn't exceptionally solid. It
appears that the SN-MP edge may be just a single of the contributing factors.Changes fit as a fiddle with
intercanine width proportionately littler in patients with high edges and bigger in low-edge patients are shown.As
the type of dental curves is related with vertical development designs, it is alluring to utilize individualized curves
for every patient regarding the normal for the curve shape.
CRISTINA GRIPPAUDO [2013]

The purpose behind this examination is to evaluate the association between dental bend outline and the vertical
facial model directed by the point between the mandibular plane and the front cranial base (Sella-
nasion/mandibular plane edge (SN-MP)) in skeletal class II untreated patients.Arch frame is a special demeanor of
individual advancement in light of the fact that there are numerous little yet huge varieties in curve shapes.The
vertical development designs are related with the transverse development of the upper curve in skeletal class
II.This relationship isn't extremely solid. It appears that the SN-MP point may be just a single of the contributing
factors.Changes fit as a fiddle with intercanine distance across proportionately littler in patients with high edges
and bigger in low-edge patients are shown.As the type of dental curves is related with vertical development
designs, it is alluring to utilize individualized curves for every patient regarding the normal for the curve frame.
ATEFE SAFFAR SHAHROUDI [2013]
Dental curve frame is a standout amongst the most imperative attributes of dentition. In any case, this measurement
for the most part gets less consideration in analysis or treatment arranging and orthodontic patients are customarily
ordered as to their sagittal attributes. This investigation was performed to assess the connection between dental
curve width parameters and sagittal skeletal and dental parameters in pretreatment records of orthodontic patients
and to contrast diverse malocclusion classes agreeing with dental curve parameters measurement and sagittal
skeletal and dental parameters in orthodontic patients.The just huge relationship between's curve width and sagittal
parameters existed among UICW and SNA point and among LICW and LAL. No noteworthy contrast of the curve
width parameter was seen between the three occlusal classes. A positive solid connection existed between SNA
edge and UICW however not UIMW. This implies patients with a higher SNA point had a more extensive dental
curve in the canine zone, however not really in the back territory. In the mandible, LICW had a significant•
positive relationship with LAL, yet not with SNB edge. LIMW was not associated with any sagittal parameters.
ICW might be a prescient factor for some• sagittal parameters, however IMW can't.
MANDAVA PRASAD [2013]

This examination was done to explore if dental curve widths connected with vertical facial composes and if there
are any distinctions in curve widths between untreated male and female grown-ups in South Indian populace. The
outcomes demonstrated that male curve widths were fundamentally bigger than those of females and there was a
noteworthy lessening in entomb curve width as the MP‑SN point expanded in untreated grown-up South Indian
populace. The outcomes acquired in our investigation when contrasted and thinks about done in other populace
bunches demonstrated that there is distinction in entomb curve widths as indicated by ethnicity and race. The
dental curve width is related with sexual orientation, race and vertical facial morphology.
KAREEM F AN ET AL./JSMC [2013]

Information of curve measurements is helpful in giving a smooth event of transient malocclusion, in foreseeing
future orthodontic issues, typical occlusal changes in blended dentition, and appropriate consecutive trade of
lasting teeth. In addition, dental curve measurements change efficiently amid the time of serious development,
advancement and less so in adulthood. The discoveries of the present investigation showed the very huge more
prominent mean an incentive for guys than females in both blended and perpetual dentitions with the exception of
dental curve length and aggregate curve length estimations in the lasting dentition in which no critical contrasts
were accounted for. This longitudinal examination was directed to research dental curve width, length and
profundity changes that occur at two distinct phases of dentition.The results demonstrated that width changes in
maxilla and mandible were altogether more in the lasting dentition than blended dentition. Also, the discoveries
showed a more noteworthy mean estimation of estimations for guys than females in both blended and changeless
dentitions aside from dental curve length (DAL) and aggregate curve length (TAL) in the lasting dentition.
Accordingly, noteworthy sexual dimorphism was seen in many measurements estimated. The result of the present
investigation shows that adjustments in dental curve measurements ought to be taken in thought amid orthodontic
medicines rendering the upshot of the treatment more satisfactory.
HEIDRUN KJELLBERG [2013]

The purpose of this endeavor was to consider the impact from TS karyotype and age on dental bend estimations
and furthermore palatal stature and differentiation these variables in TS and regularizing data from non-TS females
with normal occlusion.Conclude that the present dental bend deviations are reflecting the high repeat of
malocclusions nitty gritty in TS and the resulting prerequisite for orthodontic treatment, which may maybe be bring
down in the 45,X/46,XX karyotype. The palatal height did not fluctuate from the reference gathering, yet rather the
restricted maxilla may add to a fantasy of a higher feeling of taste. We thus prescribe using the choice 'tight palatal
vault' instead of the routinely used term 'high palatal vault'.We found that the 45,X/46,XX karyotype directed the
contortions all things considered saw among TS females seeing dental bend estimations as they demonstrated less
factors changing basically from the reference assemble than various karyotypes. Likewise, TS females seem to
have a more broadened and littler maxillary bend and what's more a more expanded anyway more broad
mandibular dental bend. Age influenced nine of the dental bend factors. The dentoalveolar bend changes found in
this examination reflect the high repeat of malocclusions uncovered in TS and likewise the following necessity for
orthodontic treatment. This examination couldn't show any qualification in palatal stature standing out TS from the
reference gathering. It is possible that the littler dental maxillary bend in blend with proximity of parallel palatal
edges, gives the false fantasy of an extended palatal stature, a clinical finding consistently depicted for innate
messes. We, in this way, propose the area 'tight palatal vault' as opposed to using the term 'high palatal vault' for
the customary TS feature.
RŪTA STANAITYTE [2014]
It has been accounted for that labial relocation of the upper lasting canine is most often associ¬ated with swarming
and narrowing of the dental curve, however palatally affected canines have adequate space to emit and are related
with a decrease of teeth width. To analyze the Bolton proportions, singular tooth and dental curve widths in
patients with one-sided pa¬latally and labially affected canines. There were no distinctions in tooth widths among
palatal and labial impaction gatherings, (aside from focal incisors that were altogether littler on the impaction side
in the two gatherings). Focal incisors were essentially littler on the impaction side of the dental curve in both
palatally and labially impaction gatherings. No distinctions in the Bolton proportions, dental curve shape and
transversal width in patients with one-sided pa¬latally and labially canine impaction were found.thestudy point was
to look at the Bolton proportion indivi¬dual tooth and dental curve widths in patients with one-sided PIC and LIC.
KARINA*EIRAS*DELA*COLETA [2014]
This examination assesses the measurement qualities of jaw and the bury curves connection in youngsters with
decrease of nasopharynx space by hypertrophyof the pharyngeal tonsils in the blended dentition stage.It was not
discovered relationship among the isthmus esteems And variable dissected. Intra curves estimations introduced
comparative Behavior among them, demonstrating their severity.Intra Arches and entomb curves broke down
indicated esteems like them announced in the writing, proving the impact of nasopharynx space decrease on the
morphology of arcade and on impediment
HORIEH JONEIDI JAFARI [2014]

Esthetics is one of the essential treatment objectives in prosthetic dentistry. Proper choice of front teeth regarding
size and shape assumes a vital job in accomplishing ideal tasteful results. Utilizing the extraoral pointers is a
typical strategy to decide the measure of the teeth. In this examination, the connection between's the facial widths
(in bizygomatic and intercondylar zones) and the mesiodistal width of maxillary focal incisors was investigated.
Facial width isn't suggested as an appropriate milestone for evaluating the mesiodistal width of maxillary focal
incisors.
JASSIM ALI JASSIM AL-E'NIZY [2015]
Harmonious facial esthetics and optimal functional occlusion have long been recognized as the two most important
goals of orthodontic treatment. (Bishara 2001, Gallão et al 2013) The standard or orthognathic face, exhibits a
harmonious relationship between the following parts (Graber and Vanarsdall, 2000): The facial structure and the
cranium.The mandible and the maxilla.The maxilla and the maxillary dentition. The mandible and the mandibular
dentition.The maxillary and mandibular dentition.The soft tissue profile and the underlying hard tissue structure
LORENZO FAVERO [2015]

Purpose of this audit observational examination was to take a gander at upper and lower dental changes in patients
treated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) and Mixed Maxillary Expansion (MME), reviewed by dental cast
examination. Prior to advancement treatment (T0), the social affairs were tantamount for all reviewed elements
(p>0.05). In both RME and MME gathering, basic increases in each one of the components for maxillary and
mandibular bend widths were seen after treatment. No imperative complexities in maxillary and mandibular bend
profundities were seen toward the complete of treatment in the two social events. An evaluation of the movements
after RME and MME (T1) showed quantifiably basic complexities in mandibular bend significance (p<0.001) and
maxillary intercanine widths (p<0.05). Complexities in maxillary bend significance and bend width estimations
were not essential. RME and MME can be seen as two fruitful treatment decisions to improve transverse bend
estimations and gain space in the dental bends. A more noticeable lower bend improvement was found in the MME
gathering, which might be credited to the "lip watch impacts" found in the MME tradition.
MADHAVI NAIDU [2015]
Past investigations of the morphologic changes of the maxilla after orthodontic treament have utilized 2-
dimensional techniques. In the present investigation, we utilized a 3-dimensional surface laser filtering system and
modernized cast examination for evaluation of palatal form in saggital, transverse and vertical measurements.
Maxillary pre and post treatment throws were copied and examined utilizing 3-D FARO laser scanner. The
accompanying tourist spots were recognized: Medial purposes of third palatal rugae ; Point An (Intersection of the
midsagittal plane with a line disregarding the broadest purpose of sharp papilla); Point B (Intersection of the
midsagittal plane with a plane going through most distal purposes of the upper first changeless molars); Point C
(Cervical part of the mesiolingual cusp at the intersection of the correct lasting first molar tooth and gingival edge)
; Point D (Cervical part of the mesiolingual cusp at the intersection of the left perpetual first molar tooth and
gingival edge). Length of the sense of taste estimated from Point A to Point B; width of the sense of taste estimated
from Point C to Point D; tallness of the sense of taste estimated from Point C/Point D to the most astounding
purpose of the palatal vault were assessed. Cast examination exhibited that, palatal shape responded diversely
when treated with extraction and non extraction. A huge contrast was found in palatal shape treated by extraction
in the saggital and transverse measurement. Anyway a huge change was seen in the length and vertical stature of
the sense of taste when treated without extractions.Intergroup investigation uncovered a measurably critical
distinction in post treatment anteroposterior length of sense of taste among extraction and non - extraction
cases.The following ends are drawn from the present examination: A huge contrast was found in the pretreatment
and posttreatment anteroposterior length and transverse width of the sense of taste in extraction cases. The palatal
profundity in pretreatment and posttreatment was observed to be steady. There is a critical contrast in the
pretreatment and posttreatment anterposterior length and vertical stature of the sense of taste in non-extraction
cases. Distinction in pretreatment and posttreatment palatal curve transverse width, of sense of taste was observed
to be factually insignificant.There is measurably critical contrast in posttreatment anteroposterior length of sense of
taste among extraction and non-extraction cases
KHIN MYO THU [2015]
A cross-sectional investigation was directed to think about maxillary curve and head estimations between ethnic
Malays and Chinese. Mean ages were 23.5 years (Malay) and 21.1 years (Chinese), and the two gatherings were
brachycephalic with the cephalic record 86.4 for Malay and 85.9 for Chinese which isn't fundamentally unique
between them.Means of front archwidth (AAW), back curve width (PAW) and curve lengthwere essentially
extraordinary between two gatherings. AAWand PAW were fundamentally not quite the same as their relating files
for Malays however not for Chinese.The Pont's and Korkhaus' Indices couldn't be connected to theMalays yet
respectably to the Chinese.The goals of this examination were to analyze dental curve lists, cephalometric
estimations between ethnic Malays and Chinese; and to watch the relationship, and to approve the dental curve
records in the investigation populace.
J. C Y .TAMAYO (2015)17
The target of this investigation was to depict transversal measurements of the dental curves, chomp power and
facial record. The contrasts between gatherings were factually noteworthy for all factors with the exception of
Facial stature. Amazon Ticuna indian ethnia has a noteworthy higher chomp drive, higher dental curve transversal
width and higher bizygomatic width than the other two ethnic gatherings considered. Mestizo ethniapresents the
most reduced dental curve size and nibble constrain, and thehighest facial stature. Afro descendent ethnia
introduced middle of the road results for nibble constrain, dental curve transversal width and bizygomatic width.
For all factors investigated, a higher relationship existed inside gatherings (dental curve size,biting power,
bizygomatic width and face tallness) while connections between's gatherings of factors came about moderate.
ALEXANDRIA [2016]3
The reason for this investigation was to assess and analyze the dental curve measurements in precisely repaired
one-sided congenital fissure and sense of taste kids as indicated by Oslo convention with those of sound
coordinating non-separated youngsters in Egypt. . Mean maxillary arch depth and inter-canine arch width were
significantly smaller in UCLP children than in non-cleft children in the age groups 6-7 and 8-9 years. Mean inter-
molar arch width was not significantly narrower in UCLP children from that in non-cleft children. Mean
mandibular arch dimensions of UCLP children did not differ significantly from those of non-cleft children
Children with UCLP, aging 6-9 years old, revealed significant reduction in mean maxillary arch dimensions when
compared to healthy matching non-cleft children except for inter-molar arch width which showed no significant
reduce.The present study aims at filling this gap by highlighting the main characteristics of dental arch dimensions
in surgically repaired UCLP children by the Oslo surgical protocol and compares them with those of healthy,
matching, non-cleft children to better meet the needs of this vulnerable group of children.
NITA KUMARI BHATEJA [2016]
Adjustment of profound nibble is urgent for upkeep of dental hard and delicate tissue structures and for aversion of
temporomandibular joint issue. Investigation of fundamental skeletal and dental components is basic for proficient
and individualized treatment arranging. To date etiological components of dental and skeletal profound nibble have
not been investigated in Pakistani orthodontic patients. The targets of this investigation were to investigate
frequencies of dental and skeletal etiological factors in profound chomp patients and to decide relationships among
dental and skeletal etiological components of profound nibble. Decreased gonial edge is most as often as possible
seen skeletal factor, meaning the significance of angulation and development of ramus being developed of
profound chomp. Profound bend of Spee is most every now and again observed dental etiological part in profound
chomp subjects, consequently meaning the significance of barging in the lower foremost teeth. Diminished gonial
point is the most much of the time seen skeletal factor, sanctioning the effect of angulation of mandibular ramus
and development in expanding profound nibble. A profound Spee's bend is most as often as possible seen dental
parameter, confirming the importance of interruption of lower foremost teeth.Retroclination of maxillary and
mandibular incisors and expanded mandibular incisor length were among slightest successive components.
HADY YOUSSEF MOHAMED SHARAB [2017]

The point of this investigation was to assess the vertical and sagittal facial profile and maxillary curve width,
profundity, and length of patients with one-sided congenital fissure and sense of taste (UCLP) and to contrast them
and solid noncleft kids in the blended dentition arrange (7– 13 years). Vertical facial tallness and sagittal
profundity estimations demonstrated a critical abatement in the mean development design in UCLP gathering. The
foremost cranial base length (S‑N) was shorter in UCLP kids, while Ba‑N length had no critical contrast.
Nasion‑Sella Tursica‑Basion point was fundamentally higher in the UCLP gathering. Dental curve width with
reference to canine‑to‑canine and first premolar‑to‑first premolar distance was significantly larger in control.Mean
vertical and sagittal facial dimensions in the UCLP children who do not undergo orthodontic treatment are
significantly lesser in all directions of growth than healthy noncleft children. The maxillary dental arch had a
normal depth but constricted in width and arch length.The mean midfacial and lower facial dimensions in children
with UCLP who do not undergo orthodontic treatment are significantly lesser in all directions of growth than
healthy noncleft children. The maxillary dental arch had a normal depth but constricted in width and arch length.
They also present with a Class III dental and skeletal pattern, despite having a relatively shorter mandibular length
when compared to the matched control.
29
SALIM KADHUM [2017]
This examination intended to discover the relationship between the facial structures and the dental curve shapes in
an example of Iraqi grown-ups with ordinary dental, sagittal and transverse jaws relations There was no critical
relationship between the facial and dental curve frames aside from in females between the mandibular dental curve
and face.The consequences of the present investigation uncovered a non-noteworthy relationship between dental
curve structures and facial structures, this comes in concurrence with Ahmed and Ali, Paranhos et al and Nayar et
al. but in females where there was high critical relationship between mandibular dental curve frame and facial
shape. As end; there is no huge relationship between the facial and dental curves frames.
MATERIALS AND METHODS WITH TABLES

Ethical Considerations:
This study was approved by the ethical committee of SRM University.
SRMDC/IRB/2016/MDS/No.101
Details of this study were explained to all patients and written & informed consent was obtained from all patients
and their relatives before entering into the study.
Source of the Sample: Patients for the study were recruited from the Outpatient Department of SRM Dental
College.
Sample Size:
150 adults patients selected based on the three facial patients from the patients reporting to the department of
orthodontics in SRM DENTAL COLLEGE, RAMAPURAM CHENNAI.
The patients were divided into 3 groups, each group consisting of 50 patients each:
1. LEPTOPROSCOPIC(GROUP 1)
2. EURYPROSCOPIC(GROUP 2)
3. MESOPROSCOPIC (GROUP 3)
SELECTION OF SAMPLES: INCLUSION CRITERIA&EXCLUSION CRITERIA
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Patients within age group of 18 – 35 years were selected.
2. Patient should have full set of complete permanent teeth.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1. No previous history of Orthodontic treatment
2. Missing teeth
3. History of trauma and extraction of permanent teeth
4. Significantcuspal wear
5. Extensive restoration or Prosthetics.
6. Anterior&posterior crossbite
7. Severe crowding [>9mm] or spacing [>9mm]
8. Presence of congenital deformity like cleft lip and palate
9. Presence of supernumerary teeth
ARMAMENTARIUM
For Patient Screening:
1.Mouth mirror
2. Probe
3. Tweezers
4. Gauze
5. Sterile surgical gloves!
6. Mouth mask
7. Graduated metal scale
8. Head Cap
For Sample Collection:

1. Sterile surgical gloves
2. Cotton
3. Spirit
4. Sterile Impression trays (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
5. Sterile patient drape
6. Impression material (ALGINATE)
7. Impression materials (ORTHOKAL)
8.2 rubber bowls, 2 spatulas, water for mixing alginate
9. Digital vernier calipers
10. Straight caliper
11. Bow caliper.
METHOD TO BE FOLLOWED:
The study was explained to each subject and the informed consents were collected from each subject prior to
this study.
The study samples consist of 150 patients between the ages 18 to 35 years, and divided into three groups
based on facial patterns:
LEPTOPROSCOPIC,
EURYPROSCOPIC
MESOPROSCOPIC, given by Martin and Saller are supposed to have a correlation with the arch width of
maxillary and mandibular dentition. The study would provide an exact comparison between the dental arch
widths in three types of facial patterns and palatal depths with respect to the three facial patterns.Each
groups consisted of 50 patients the sample size calculated was done and for a power of 90% the total sample
size determined was 150patients.
Exclusion criteria included previous orthodontic treatment, edentulous spaces, history of trauma,
significant cuspal wear, extensive restorations or prosthetics, anterior and posterior cross-bites, and severe
crowding (>9 mm) or spacing (>9 mm).
Dental cast measurements were performed using a digital calliper accurate to 0.01 mm. The following
maxillary and mandibular dimensions were measured
1. Intercanine width (buccal cusp tip and widest labial aspect),
2. First and second interpremolar widths (buccal cusp tip and widest labial aspect),
3. First intermolar widths (mesiobuccal cusp, central fossa, widest buccal, and narrowest lingual aspect),
4. Tooth size — arch length discrepancy was calculated by first determining the arch length available
The selected patients based on three facial patterns based on the facial index and cephalic index.
Facial Index =Length of the face/ Bizygomatic face width × 100.
The measurements were made using with STRAIGHT CALIPER & BOW CALIPER.
Study dental casts were made from alginate impressions obtained with sterile trays of dental occlusion in
habitual maximum intercuspation. These casts were used to obtain measurements of the upper and lower
dental arches
Dental arch width and Palatal depth in maxillary arch and arch width in mandibular arch is measured
using DigitalVernier caliper from the model.
Fig 1: Shows both maxillary and mandibular intercanine width, inter premolar width and inter molar
width.
FIG 2: DIGITAL VERNIER CALIPERS

FIG 3: STRAIGHT CALIPERS AND BOW CALIPERS
FIG 4: SHOWS MEASUREMENT IN CASTS

RESULT
The present study included a total of 150 subjects, The samples were divided into three groups.
Group A comprised of 50 patients in Leptoproscopic ,
Group B comprised of 50 patients in Euryproscopic ,
Group C comprised of 50 patients in Mesoproscopic. All the three gatherings with 150 patients were
subjected to in various facial examples .
GROUP I – contained 50 patients in Leptoproscopic of which 18 were guys and 32 was female with age
scope of 18-35 years.(Table 1)
GROUP II – contained 50 patients in Euryproscopic of which 23 were male and 27 were female with age
scope of 18-35 years.(Table 2)
GROUP III - included 50 patients in Mesoproscopic of which 16 were male and 34 were female with age
scope of 18-multi year. .(Table 3)
Dental cast estimations were performed utilizing a computerized caliper precise to 0.01 mm. The
accompanying maxillary and mandibular measurements were estimated
1. intercanine width (buccal cusp tip and most stretched out labial perspective),
2, . first and second interpremolar widths (buccal cusp tip and broadest labial perspective),
3. first intermolar widths (mesiobuccal cusp, focal fossa, broadest buccal, and tightest lingual perspective),
4. tooth estimate — curve length discrepancy.Tooth measure — curve length error was computed by first deciding
the curve length accessible
The choose patients dependent on three facial examples dependent on the facial file and cephalic file.
Facial Index =Length of the face/Bizygomatic confront width × 100.
The three facial examples in particular Leptoproscopic,Euryproscopic, and Mesoproscopic .
The estimations was made utilizing with STRAIGHT CALIPER and BOW CALIPER.
The patients were isolate into three gathering .Study dental throws were produced using alginate impressions
acquired with sterile plate of dental impediment in routine greatest intercuspation. These throws were utilized to
get estimations of the upper and lower dental curves
Dental arch width and Palatal profundity in maxillary curve and curve width in mandibular curve are estimated
utilizing Digital Vernier caliper from the model. Factual investigation of the information acquired was finished
utilizing SPSS programming form 22. The spellbinding insights, for example, mean and standard deviations [SD]
were ascertained for the individual gatherings. Correlation of dental arch width , palatal profundity and in various
facial examples was finished utilizing t test.Comparison of dental curve width , palatal profundity and for the most
part dependent on three distinctive facial examples was finished utilizing ANOVA pursued by Tukey HSD Post
Hoc .
TABLE 1 - LEPTOPROSCOPIC ,
Dental curve width and Palatal profundity in maxillary curve and curve width in mandibular curve are estimated
utilizing Digital Vernier caliper from the model
Sl CEPHALIC
Patients Age/ FACIAL INDEX
N INDEX Maxilla mandible
name sex FORMULA
o FORMULA
Palat Inte Inter
BIZY LEN FOR HEI FOR Inter Inter Inter
WID interpr al r pre
GOM GT MU GH MU cani mola mola
TH emolar dept cani mol
ATIC H LA T LA ne r r
h ne ar
SAVEET
1. 22/F 86 155 55.4 29 45 64.4 38.3 47 52 36 29 38.4 47.5
HA
SAMEER
2. 23/F 87 160 54.3 28 48 58.3 36.2 37.1 50.1 36 26 33.5 44.2
A
SHAHN 28.
3. 24/F 88 165 53.3 27 46 58.6 36 44 53.6 37.4 35.1 47.3
AZ 1
MOHAN 27.
4. 27/F 85 168 50.5 27 49 55.1 34.7 43.3 54.9 39.6 34.1 44.9
A 1
MANJUL
5. 26/F 86 158 54.4 29 49 59.1 37.4 43 52 35.3 28 35 46
A
6. SWATHI 24/F 90 170 52.9 30 53 56.6 34.3 43 53 33.5 26 35 45
24.
7. AARTHI 22/F 82 143 57.3 28 50 56 35.7 44.8 53.1 32.3 34.7 46.2
6
PRAVEE
8. 23/F 84 150 56 28 51 54.9 36 39 54 35.4 26 36 44
NA
PRAMO 26/
9 87 155 56.1 29 49 59.1 36 44 50.1 33.4 26 36 46
DH M
PRAKAS 24/ 26.
10 90 184 48.9 28 49 57.1 38.1 46.8 54.9 35 35.3 47
H M 2
MANOJ 20/
11 86 155 55.4 29 45 64.4 34 46 54.2 36 26 32 48
KUMAR M
SHRUTH 24.
12 22/F 90 170 52.9 30 53 56.6 37.1 44.3 57 33 35.4 49
I 8
KEERTH 28.
13 24/F 84 155 54.1 28 50 53.8 40.1 47.7 57.6 32 38.7 48.7
I 8
14 DHIVYA 25/F 90 165 54.5 27 49 55.1 33.9 42.4 53.2 34 26 36.9 50
27/
15 VAMSI 89 182 48.9 28 50 56 33.8 44 53 32 28 36 49
M
24/
16 MITHUN 85 166 51.2 29 51 56.8 35 42.4 52 34 26 33.3 46
M
SWARO 28.
17 24/F 92 196 46.3 29 51 56.8 40.8 47.7 57.9 32 38.8 49
OPA 9
JHANAV
18 22/F 83 138 60.1 30 49 67.3 40.5 47.4 57.6 35 28 39 48
I
19 ROSHINI 22/F 84 129 65.1 27 46 58.6 34 42.4 52 34 26 38 47
SABAST 23/
20 83.9 167 50.2 27 53 50.9 35 43 57 32 26 36 46
IN M
25/
21 YOGESH 80 144 55.5 26 45 57.7 42.3 45 58 34 28 39.2 45
M
KIRAN 24/
22 90 156 57.6 27 47 57.4 38 39.9 52.1 35 26 39 44
KUMAR M
23 KARTHI 22/ 89 176 50.5 29 51 56.8 36 40.6 50.2 32 27 39.4 49
CK M
SRI
24 22/F 84 186 45.1 30 49 61.2 33 41 57 30 27 35 46
VIDHYA
ASHWIN
25 20/F 93 190 48.9 28 39 71.7 32 42 48 30.1 26 37 45
I
JAYASR
26 21/F 89 148 60.1 29 48 60.4 30 40 52 29 27 38 44
I
27 SUDHA 25/F 86 156 55.1 31 52 59.6 35 42 53.7 29.8 28 37 47
MAHAL 26.
28 26/F 92 187 49.1 26 51 50.9 33 40 54.7 29 38 46
AKSHMI 2
SATYA 28/ 25.
29 82 133 61.6 29 51 56.8 32 42.1 52 27 39 48
SUNIL M 3
VARUN 28/
30 80 144 55.5 28 50 56 33 40 55 28 26 38.5 49
TEJ M
KATAM 29/
31 83 138 60.1 30 49 67.3 32 39 54 29.2 28 39.5 47
REDDY M
SANDH 25.
32 12/F 85 145 58.6 29 51 56.8 34 36.4 53 29.6 39.2 48
YA 5
SANDH 26.
33 14/F 86 132 65.1 28 45 62.2 38 33.5 57.1 33 40 48
YA L 1
34 22.
SHULIN 13/F 90.6 156 58.2 29 49 59.1 36 40 54 32 39 49
. 3
35 MADHU
16/F 87 143 60.8 27 48 56.2 34 39.1 56 34.5 25 33.5 49
. MITHA
36 DASAR
24/F 85 149 57 27 48 55.1 34 38.2 54.4 39 26 34 50
. ATHI
S.NARE
37 17/
NDRA 85 144 59 29 49 59.1 32 36 53 38 25 35 53
. M
KUMAR
38 G.SHALI 17/ 26.
84 133 63.1 26 48 54.1 34 37 52.2 37 34.8 54.2
. NI M 1
S.T.VIS
39 14/
WAKES 93.3 168 55.8 30 49 65.3 35 33.6 53.2 36 26 34.2 53.2
. M
HAVAN
40 S.SANG
17/F 86 143 60.1 29 49 59.1 36 37.4 53.2 35 24 35 52.9
. EETHA
41 R.PRINC
12/F 85 159 53.4 28 48 58.3 37 38.4 54 34 28 35.6 54.7
. Y
42 SRIRAM 23/
86 132 65.1 28 45 62.2 38 37.2 50 33 29 36 52.1
. KUMAR M
43 ABIRAM
23/F 85 143 59.4 27 49 55.1 39 33 50.2 36 27 34.8 53.2
. I
SHANM
44
UGA 21/F 84 143 58.7 26 48 54.1 40 35 52.1 28 28 32.2 53.3
.
GANESH
45 C.MONI
23/F 84 143 58.7 25 40 59.5 36 38 50.2 29 26 37 56
. CA
46 S.JAIGA 26/
85 145 58.6 24 43 55.8 36 36 50.5 36 27 36 55
. NESH M
47 26.
MEENA 32/F 92 166 55.4 23 45 51.1 35.1 35.2 51 35 38 50.2
. 5
48 20/
VIJAY 84 133 63.1 27 47 57.4 35.3 34.2 52 38 28 37 52
. M
49 MOHAN 27.
29/F 90 145 62 28 49 57.1 35.2 37 53.2 36 38 52.2
. A PRIYA 2
M.GAJA
50
LAKSH 21/F 94 153 61.4 29.4 50.2 58.5 36 39 54.3 39 29 36.4 52.1
.
MI
Mea 160. 56.2 27.9 48.9 58.1 35.6 42.932 53.7 38.9 26. 36.4 46.7
86.616
n 9355 08 88 6774 48 76 26 3871 1 634 5 3548
Stan
1.3
dard 3.4192 17.4 4.88 1.59 2.92 4.11 2.54 2.7804 2.56 37.2 2.07 1.74
952
devi 95 4312 3493 0487 6703 9255 0734 54 4719 2732 387 1177
7
ation
TABLE 2
EURYPROSCOPIC
Dental arch width and Palatal depth in maxillary arch and arch width in mandibular arch are measured using
Digital Vernier caliper from the model.
S
Eury CEPHALIC
l Age FACIAL INDEX
Patients INDEX Maxilla mandible
N /sex FORMULA
name FORMULA
o
Inte
Inte Inte Pala Inte Inte
BIZYG LE FOR WI FOR interp r
HEIG r r tal r r
OMATI NG MUL DT MUL remol pre
HT cani mol dept cani mol
C TH A H A ar mol
ne ar h ne ar
ar
1 HARIPRA 21/
80.1 122 65.6 25 47 53.1 36 40.6 50.2 39.7 27 39.4 49
. SAD M
2 P.SUGUN 32/
86 147 58.5 28 49 57.1 33 41 57 38 27 35 46
. A F
3 15/
NIVEDHA 91.6 166 55.1 26 50 52 30 40 52 37 27 38 44
. F
4 HARSHID 18/
92 167 55.1 29 51 56.8 33 40 54.7 30 26.2 38 46
. HA F
5 21/
DHARANI 86 145 59.3 27 49 55.1 32 42.1 52 31 25.3 39 48
. F
6 SMRITHI 26/
85 145 58.6 26 40 65 33 40 55 32 26 38.5 49
. PANI F
7 TEJESH 19/
87.9 144 61.4 26 46 56.5 32 39 54 33 28 39.5 47
. SINGH M
8 C.MONIC 23/
90 143 62.9 26 44 59 34 36.4 53 34 25.5 39.2 48
. A F
S.JAIGAN 26/
9 91 153 59.4 25 45 55.5 38 33.5 57.1 35 26.1 40 48
ESH M
1 32/
MEENA 92 144 63 27 46 58.6 36 40 54 36 22.3 39 49
0 F
1 20/
VIJAY 93 133 69.9 28 47 59.9 34 39.1 56 37 25 33.5 49
1 M
1 MOHANA 29/
94 147 63.9 29 48 60.4 34 38.2 54.4 38 26 34 50
2 PRIYA F
1 M.GAJAL 21/
84 151 55.6 30 49 61.2 32 36 53 39 25 35 53
3 AKSHMI F
1 SIDDIKA 17/
86.1 145 59.3 27 46 58.6 34 37 52.2 33 26.1 34.8 54.2
4 BANU F
1 22/ 142.
RUBY 84.4 59.3 28 49 57.1 35 33.6 53.2 39 26 34.2 53.2
5 F 1
1 20/ 143.
JEEVITHA 84.6 59.1 29 48 60.4 36 37.4 53.2 38 24 35 52.9
6 F 1
1 ASHWIN 22/ 140.
85.0 60.6 26 50 52 37 38.4 54 37 28 35.6 54.7
7 KUMAR M 1
1 R.M.SRIR 15/ 141.
86.1 61 23 53 43.3 38 37.2 50 36 29 36 52.1
8 AM HARI M 1
1 KESAV 15/ 142.
83.1 58.4 28 48 58.3 39 33 50.2 36 27 34.8 53.2
9 KANNA M 1
2 MADHUM 11/
85 134 63.4 29 46 63 40 35 52.1 37.4 28 32.2 53.3
0 ITHRA F
2 G.SUDHA 25/
87 143 60.8 24 45 53.3 36 38 50.2 39.6 26 37 56
1 RSHAN M
2 SALMA 17/
87 139 62.5 28 53 52.8 36 36 50.5 35.3 27 36 55
2 BEGUM F
2 MS.NIVET 16/
93 166 56 30 56 53.5 35.1 35.2 51 33.5 26.5 38 50.2
3 HA F
2 B.VIGNES 17/
90 145 62 26 49 53 35.3 34.2 52 32.3 28 37 52
4 H M
2 G.PRIYA 18/ 92 148 62.1 25 44 56.8 33.2 34.2 50 35.4 27.2 38 52.2
5 DARSHINI F
2 22/
SWATHI 89 150 59.3 29 48 60 32.3 33.4 52 33.4 29 36.4 52.1
6 F
2 22/
REVATHI 90 155 58 32 40 80 33.5 33.2 53 35 25.8 39.4 50.1
7 F
2 G.SHALIN 17/
90 167 53.8 24 48 50 37 35 49 36 27 35.1 50.2
8 I M
S.T.VISW
2 14/
AKESHAV 80 166 48.1 26 51 50 38 36 49 33 28 38 51.1
9 M
AN
3 S.SANGEE 17/
82 126 65 27 49 55.1 36.1 35 53 32 27 37.2 52.1
0 THA F
3 12/
R.PRINCY 81 124 65.3 26 48 54.1 35 34.3 54 34 28 34.8 51.1
1 F
3 SRIRAM 23/
83 143 58 25 47 53.1 34 38 49.7 32 25 35 49.9
2 KUMAR M
3 23/
ABIRAMI 86 123 69.9 24 47 51 34.2 40 49.9 34 24 35.5 48.9
3 F
3 SHANMU
21/
4 GA 89 133 66.9 23 43 57.5 35.1 38 54 32 22.9 36 49.1
F
. GANESH
3
19/
5 LUCKY 85 145 58.6 29 51 56.8 35.2 37 53.2 35 24.9 34.9 48.6
M
.
3
ASHWAT 24/
6 86 132 65.1 28 45 62.2 36 39 54.3 34 26.9 35 45,9
HI F
.
3
VASIM 18/
7 90.6 156 58.2 29 49 59.1 37 38 56.2 32 26.2 38 46
AKRAM M
.
3
G.VINODH 15/
8 87 143 60.8 27 48 56.2 35 39 54 34 26 37 49
INI F
.
3
JAYAVIG 21/
9 85 149 57 27 48 55.1 34 40 51 35 27 36 48
NESH M
.
4
VINODHI 17/
0 85 144 59 29 49 59.1 34.2 39 52 32 29 35 48
NI R F
.
4
N.VASAT 16/
1 84 133 63.1 26 48 54.1 35.1 38 52 30 27 35 48.9
H KUMAR M
.
4
AKASH 13/
2 93.3 168 55.8 30 49 65.3 34.2 39.5 53 30.1 28 36 47.8
KEVIN M
.
4
SANTHOS 14/
3 86 143 60.1 29 49 59.1 36 37.6 54 29 27 37 46.6
H M
.
4
NAVEEN 16/
4 85 159 53.4 28 48 58.3 36.2 37.4 55 29.8 26 38 46
PRABHU M
.
4
SARAVAN 18/
5 86 132 65.1 28 45 62.2 38 36.4 52 29 27 39 48
AN M
.
4
22/
6 SRUTHI 85 143 59.4 27 49 55.1 37.1 36 53 27 25.9 40 49
F
.
4
17/
7 K.GUNAL 86 143 60.1 28 51 54.9 38.2 35 54 28 29 39 48
M
.
4
U.SANGEE 23/
8 84.9 143 29 49 59.1 35.1 38 52 29.2 29.1 37 45.4
THA F
.
4
23/
9 ANEESH 85 155 54.8 28 45 62.2 35 37 53 29.6 28 36 49
M
.
5
20/
0 RICHARD 85 147 57.8 28 45 62.2 34.2 40 49.9 32 24 35.5 48.9
M
.
Me 86.89 145.91 60.09 27. 47.78 57.28 35.1 37.29 52.6 33.7 26.5 36.6 49.6
an 4 94 4 22 125 2 46 8 64 86 38 5 54
Sta
nda
1.9 2.00 2.00 3.21 1.54 1.89 2.75
rd 3.506 11.844 4.148 3.318 5.328 2.323
408 887 201 831 548 125 860
devi 345 05 243 904 54 13
6 9 5 6 6 3 1
atio
n
TABLE 3 MESOPROSCOPIC
Dental arch width and Palatal depth in maxillary arch and arch width in mandibular arch are measured using
Digital Vernier caliper from the model.
Sl Patients Age FACIAL INDEX CEPHALIC Maxilla Mandible
N name /sex FORMULA INDEX
o FORMULA
LEN BIZYG FOR HEI WI FOR Inte interpre Int Pal Inte Inter Int
GT OMATI MUL GH DT MUL r molar er atal r prem er
H C A T H A can mo dep can olar mo
ine lar th ine lar
1 SHARIQ 21/ 86.0 130.2 66.1 28.0 49.0 57.1 38. 47 52 35 29 38.4 47.
UE M 3 5
2 PARTHIB 23/ 84.8 130 65.2 28 48 58.3 36. 37.1 50. 36 26 33.5 44.
AN M 2 1 2
3 ISWARA 23/ 88.0 138 63.7 26 50 52 36 44 53. 38 28. 35.1 47.
YA F 6 1 3
4 AKSHAY 12/ 87 126 69.0 24 48 50 34. 43.3 54. 39 27. 34.1 44.
A F 7 9 1 9
5 HARIPR 22/ 86 124 69.3 29 47 61.7 37. 43 52 36 28 35 46
ASAD M 4
6 INDRAK 12/ 85.1 133 63.9 28 46 60 34. 43 53 38. 26 35 45
UMARI F 3 1
7 JAYASRI 18/ 87.0 134 65.3 27 49 55.1 35. 44.8 53. 29. 24. 34.7 46.
F 7 1 7 6 2
8 SWARNA 20/ 87.6 138.0 63.4 26 51 50 36 39 54 30 26 36 44
LAKSHM F
I
9 MANIKA 28/ 85.9 133 64.5 25 44 56.8 36 44 50. 33 26 36 46
NDHAN M 1
10 ELUMAL 22/ 87.5 134.0 65.2 26 42 61.9 38. 46.8 54. 36. 26. 35.3 47
AI M 1 9 7 2
11 PAVITRA 22/ 86.6 133 65.1 28 46 60 34 46 54. 39 26 32 48
F 2
12 YUGESH 15/ 86.7 131 66.1 29 47 61.7 37. 44.3 57 38 24. 35.4 49
M 1 8
13 SELVAR 25/ 86.7 129 67.2 28 49 57.1 40. 47.7 57. 36. 28. 38.7 48.
AJ M 1 6 4 8 7
14 SANIYA 19/ 88.0 128 68.7 23 41 56 33. 42.4 53. 38 26 36.9 50
F 9 2
15 RAJESEK 24/ 85.8 139.1 61.6 28 42 66.6 33. 44 53 39 28 36 49
AR M 8
16 VIMALA 21/ 86.0 140 61.4 29 47 61.7 35 42.4 52 38 26 33.3 46
F
17 REMYA 24/ 86.1 133 64.7 27 43 62.7 40. 47.7 57. 39 28. 38.8 49
F 8 9 9
18 SELVASI 24/ 86 132 65.1 26 48 54.1 40. 47.4 57. 37 28 39 48
VA M 5 6
19 SUGUNA 33/ 89.0 136 65.4 29 47 61.7 34 42.4 52 36 26 38 47
F
20 KEERTH 11/ 87 136 63.9 28 43 65.1 35 43 57 37 26 36 46
ANA F
21 JONES 20/ 85 138 61.5 27 44 61.3 42. 45 58 39 28 39.2 45
M 3
22 MOHAN 19/ 86 133 64.6 26 48 54.1 38 39.9 52. 38 26 39 44
A PRIYA F 1
23 VELANA 22/ 90 188 47.8 29 49 59.1 39 40.2 52 39 29 35 45
J M
24 SAMUNA 22/ 89 182 48.9 28 50 56 37 39.9 53. 36 27 34.7 46.
F 6 2
25 GEETHA 22/ 85 166 51.2 29 51 56.8 37 39 49 38. 26 36 44
LAKSHM F 1
I
26 PRIYAD 20/ 80 143 55.9 28 49 57.1 35. 38.9 48 29. 29 36 46
ARANI F 9 7
27 PANDIA 20/ 92 196 46.3 28 48 58.3 36 42.5 50. 30 27 35.3 47
N RAJ M 2
28 MAYA 19/ 86 143 60.1 28 47 59.5 36. 39.1 49. 33 26 32 48
F 4 9
29 SEERISH 24/ 84 129 65.1 27 46 58.6 38. 39.9 49. 36. 29 35.4 49
A F 1 8 7
30 SWOMY 24/ 84 144 58.3 29 49 59.1 34 38 48. 39 26. 38.7 48.
A F 8 2 2
31 NARAYA 25/ 85 149 57 30 48 62.5 37 38 49 38 28 37 48.
NA M 7
32 SHARMI 22/ 90 183 49.1 29 48 60.4 37 46 50. 34. 27 36.9 50
LA F 2 6
33 SURESH 26/ 92 187 49.1 30 48 62.5 38. 46 52. 37. 28. 38.4 47.
M 2 1 5 8 5
34 NAGAM 25/ 94 190 49.4 32 49 65 38 48 56. 36 29. 33.5 44.
ANI F 1 5 2
35 SUNEET 24/ 89 156 57 28 50 56 36 49.5 57 36. 28 35.1 44.
HA F 4 8
36 MONIKA 23/ 87 134 64.9 26 50 52 38. 47 52 39 27 34.7 44.
A F 3 9
37 MANJUL 28/ 86 123 69.9 29 51 56.8 36. 37.1 50. 38 26. 36 46
AS F 2 1 5
38 LAKSHM 22/ 84 135 62.2 30 56 53.5 36 44 53. 35 26. 36 45
I F 6 4
39 SANJAN 24/ 90 187 48.1 28 58 48.2 34. 43.3 54. 36 27. 35.7 49
A F 7 9 5
40 KEERTHI 22/ 83.9 167 50.2 27 53 50.9 37. 43 52 36 26. 34.8 44
KA F 8 5
41 AARTHI 23/ 84 145 57.9 26 53 49 34. 43 53 32. 27. 39 46
M F 3 5 8
42 AARTHI 21/ 83 146 56.8 29 50 58 35. 44.8 53. 32. 26. 38 47
F 7 1 9 9
43 AKSHYA 21/ 83 148 56 28 50 56 36 39 54 35 27 37.4 48
F
44 BINDHU 25/ 85 141 60.2 27 51 52.9 36 44 50. 36 29 35.4 49.
F 1 2
45 SOWJAN 24/ 86 122 70.4 30 49 61.2 38. 46.8 54. 38 28 38.7 50
YA F 1 9
46 AMREEN 24/ 82 143 57.3 30 48 61.2 34 46 54. 39 29. 36.9 46.
NAZ F 2 2 6
47 SMAYUK 22/ 84 148 56.7 33 49 67.3 37. 44.3 57 36 24. 35.4 49
THA K F 1 8
48 SAI 22/ 80 149 53.6 34 50 68 40. 39 57. 38. 26 32 48
SWAROO F 1 6 1
PA
49 MASTHA 23/ 82 133 61.6 29 51 56.8 33. 46.5 53. 29. 28. 35.4 49
N M 9 2 7 3
50 ARIF 26/ 81 143 56.6 28 48 58.3 37. 44.3 57 30 26. 38.7
48.
BASHA M 1 4 7
Me 53. 46.
an 86.0 28.0 48.3 36. 23 36. 27. 93
94 144.966 60.17 8 6 58.12 642 43.226 4 022 146 36.07 6
Sta
nda
rd 2.7 1.8
devi 1.97 1.9 56 2.8 1.2 35
atio 2.88 19.7260 6.677 783 3.22 4.692 985 3.23165 41 701 925 1.939 67
n 0009 8 383 6 465 286 8 5 1 34 55 414 4
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF ALL VARIATIONS

TABLE 1 : GENDER
Group I comprises of total 50 patients out of which 18 were males and 32 were females.
Group II comprises of total 50 patients out of which 23 were males and 27 were females.
Group III comprises total of 50 patients out of which 16 were males and 34 were females.
TABLE 2 FACIAL INDEX

Facial index of group I, II, III shows statistically significant value.(p<0.05
TABLE 2A MULTIPLE COMPARISON IN FACIAL INDEX
 (p>0.001)Multiple comparison of facial index between group I and group II is statistically significant
(p<0.05)
 (p>0.001)Multiple comparison of facial index between group I and group III is statistically significant
(p<0.05)
 (p>0.001)Multiple comparison of facial index between group II and group I is statistically significant
(p<0.05), whereas comparison between group II and group III is not statistically significant (p>0.05)
 (p>0.001)Multiple comparison of facial index between group III and group I is statistically significant
(p<0.05), whereas comparison between group III and group II is not statistically significant (p>0.05)
TABLE 3 CEPHALIC INDEX

 (p>0.584)Cephalic index of group I, II, III shows statistically non significant value.(p<0.05)
TABLE 3A MULTIPLE COMPARISON IN CEPHALIC INDEX

 (p>0.584)Multiple comparisons of cephalic index between all the three groups are statistically not
significant. (p>0.05)
TABLE 4 MAXILLARY INTERCANINE

 The mean value (m-35.14) MULTIPLE COMPARISON Cephalic index of group I, II, III shows
statistically non significant value.(p<0.05)
TABLE 4A MULTIPLE COMPARISON
 (p>0.003)Multiple comparison of maxillary inter-canine width of maxillary arch between group I with
group II and III is statistically not significant (p>0.05)
 (p>0.003)Multiple comparison of inter-canine width of maxillary arch between group II and group I is
statistically not significant (p>0.05), whereas for group II and group III is statistically significant (p<0.05)
 (p>0.003)Multiple comparison of inter-canine width of maxillary arch between group III and group I is
statistically not significant (p>0.05), whereas for group III and group II is statistically significant (p<0.05)
TABLE 5 MAXILLARY INTER PREMOLAR

 The Mean value(m-37.30) maxillary inter premolar of group I, II, III shows statistically non significant
value.(p<0.05)
Multiple comparison of inter-premolar width between the three groups is statistically significant
TABLE 6 MAXILLARY INTER MOLAR
 maxillary inter molar of group I, II, III shows statistically non significant value.(p<0.05)

Multiple comparison of inter-molar width between all the three groups is statistically not significant
TABLE 7 MAXILLARY PALATAL DEPTH

 Maxillary palatal depth of group I, II, III shows statistically non significant value.(p<0.05)

Multiple comparison of palatal depth between all the group is not statistically significant.
TABLE 8 MANDIBULAR INTER CANINE

 The mean value (m-35.14) Mandibular inter canine of group I, II, III shows statistically non significant
value.(p<0.05)

 .(p 0.073)Multiple comparison of inter canine width of mandibular arch between all the groups is
statistically not significant (p>0.05)
TABLE 9 MANDIBULAR INTER PREMOLAR

 Mandibular inter premolar of group I, II, III shows statistically non significant value.(p<0.05)

Multiple comparison of inter-premolar width of mandibular arch between all the groups is not statistically
significant.
TABLE 10 MANDIBULAR INTER MOLAR

 The mean value (m-46.93) Mandibular inter molar of group I, II, III shows statistically non significant
value.(p<0.05)

 .(p<0.03)Multiple comparison of inter-molar width of mandibular arch between group I and group II is not
statistically significant(p>0.05), whereas comparison between group I and group III is statistically
significant (p<0.05)
 Multiple comparison of inter-molar width of mandibular arch between group II and group I is not
statistically significant(p>0.05), whereas comparison between group II and group III is statistically significant
(p<0.05)
 .(p<0.000)Multiple comparison of inter-molar width of mandibular arch between group III and group I is
statistically significant(p>0.05), and comparison between group III and group II is statistically significant
(p<0.05)
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF ALL VARIABLES

TABLE 1 : GENDER
Group Male Female Total
I 18 32 50
II 23 27 50
III 16 34 50
TABLE 2: FACIAL INDEX

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 56.20 4.88
II 50 60.11 4.18
0.000
III 50 60.17 6.67
TABLE 2A: FACIAL INDEX (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

Group Comparison P Value
I II 0.001
III 0.001
II I 0.001
III 1.000
III I 0.001
II 1.000
TABLE 3: CEPHALIC INDEX

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 58.14 4.11
II 50 57.28 5.32
0.584
III 50 58.12 4.69
TABLE 3A: CEPHALIC INDEX (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)
GROUP COMPARISON P VALUE

I II 1.000
III 1.000
II I 1.000
III 1.000
III I 1.000
II 1.000
TABLE 4: INTER-CANINE WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 35.67 2.54
II 50 35.14 2.00
0.003
III 50 36.64 1.99
Table 4a: INTER-CANINE WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

I II 0.689
III 0.089
II I 0.689
III 0.003
III I 0.089
II 0.003
Table 5: INTER-PREMOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 40.50 4.01
II 50 37.30 2.32
0.000
III 50 43.23 3.23
Table 5a: INTER-PREMOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

I II 0.000
III 0.000
II I 0.000
III 0.000
III I 0.000
II 0.000
Table 6: INTER-MOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 53.39 2.37
II 50 52.66 2.00
0.283
III 50 53.23 2.75
Table 6a: INTER-MOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

I II 0.396
III 1.000
II I 0.396
III 0.709
III I 1.000
II 0.709
TABLE 7: MAXILLA PALATAL DEPTH
SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 38.91 3.22
II 50 33.79 3.21
0.496
III 50 36.06 2.87
TABLE 7A: MAXILLA PALATAL DEPTH (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

I II 0.715
III 1.000
II I 0.715
III 1.000
III I 1.000
II 1.000
TABLE 8: INTER CANINE WIDTH OF MANDIBULAR ARCH

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 26.63 1.39
II 50 26.54 1.54
0.073
III 50 27.15 1.29
TABLE 8A: INTER CANINE WIDTH OF MANDIBULAR ARCH

(MULTIPLE COMPARISON)
I II 1.000
II 0.217
II I 1.000
III 0.100
III I 0.217
II 0.100
TABLE 9: INTER-PREMOLAR WIDTH OF MANDIBULAR ARCH

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 36.45 2.07
II 50 36.65 1.89
0.329
III 50 36.07 1.93
Table 9a: INTER-PREMOLAR WIDTH OF MANDIBULAR ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISONS)

I II 1.000
III 1.000
II I 1.000
III 0.429
III I 1.000
II 0.429
TABLE 10: INTER-MOLAR WIDTH OF MANDIBULAR ARCH

SAMPLE STANDARD
GROUP MEAN P VALUE
SIZE (N) DEVIATION
I 50 48.73 3.25
II 50 49.65 2.75
0.000
III 50 46.93 1.83
TABLE 10A: INTER-MOLAR WIDTH OF MANDIBULAR ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISONS)

I II 0.269
III 0.003
II I 0.269
III 0.000
III I 0.003
II 0.000
50
45
40
35
30
25 I
20 II
15
III
10
5
0
Male
Female
Total
DISCUSSION
Facial patterns is an important element of orthodontic assessment. It is an essential criterion for each orthodontist
to understand the relationship between in different facial patterns and dental arch width and palatal depth.
In This study aims to evaluate and compare dental arch widths, palatal depth in different facial patterns in
untreated South Indian adult males and females.
In this study, subjects without previous orthodontic treatment were only included because prior treatment might
have influenced the facial patterns of the development of the dentoalveolar process or the dimensions of mid-face
structures. Additionally, care was taken that all samples were of south Indian origin to avoid any major ethnic
difference in craniofacial morphology. In order to have a greater distribution of the facial patterns, 150samples
were taken and divided into three groups: Group I-Leptoproscopic, Group II Euryproscopic ,Group III
Mesoproscopic according to Martin and Sellar.. Assessment of Leptoproscopic ,euryproscopic ,mesoproscopic
allows estimation of its relation to dental arch width, palatal depth .
For each patient, leptoproscopic ,euryproscopic , mesoproscopic measurements were taken from facial index and
cephalic index acoording to Martin and Sellar and study models were taken and confirmed that none of the
exclusion criteria were present.
The measurements to assess in Group I Leptoproscopic facial pattern were done from the patients and study
models were used to measure the dental arch width, palatal depth in both upper and lower arches.
The measurements to assess in Group II Euryproscopic facial pattern were done from the patients and study
models were used to measure the dental arch width, palatal depth in both upper and lower arches.
The measurements to assess in Group III Mesoproscopic facial pattern were done from the patients and study
models were used to measure the dental arch width ,palatal depth in both upper and lower arches.
Ten dental arch width measurements were taken from both maxillary and mandibular study models (inter-canine
cusp tip and most buccal, first premolar buccal cusp tip and most buccal, second premolar buccal cusp tip and most
buccal, first molar mesiobuccal cusp tip, most buccal, and most lingual/palatal). These measurements have been
taken as a standard for dental arch width , Palatal depth analysis by many investigators.
In order to exclude intra examiner error, Leptoproscopic ,Euryproscopic , Mesoproscopic 57 males and 64 females
were selected randomly .
The results showed that, in maxillary and mandibular arches, there was a statistically significant inverse Group I
leptoproscopic, Group II Euryproscopic , Group III Mesoproscopic and dental arch widths, palatal depth among
the maxillary canines, first premolars, and first molars in male and female samples
In our study a total no. of 150 patients were taken,
Group I Leptoproscopic comprised of total 50 patients out of which 18 males and 32 females.
Group II Euryproscopic comprised of total 50 patients out of which 23 males and 27 females.
Group III Mesoproscopic comprised of total 50 patients out of which 16 males and 34 females.
FACIAL INDEX
Facial index of all three groups were calculated.Mean of Group I, Group II , Group III is 56.20, 60.11 , 60.17
respectively.
In Group I showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group II and Group III were significant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group I were significant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group III were non significant.
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared with Group I were significant.
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared with Group II were non significant.
CEPHALIC INDEX
Group I , Group II , Group III shows 58.14 , 57.28 , 58.12 respectively
Multiple comparison of cephalic index between the different groups statistically siginificant.
In Group I showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group II and Group III were Non significant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared to both Group I and GroupIII were non significant.
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared to both Group I and Group II were Non significant.
MAXILLARY INTERCANINE
Multiple comparison of MAXILLARY INTERCANINE between the different groups statistically siginificant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group I were non significant.
In Group II showed statistically siginificant when compared with Group III were significant.
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared with Group I were Non significant.
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared with Group II were significant.
MAXILLARY INTER PREMOLAR

Group I , Group II , Group III shows 40.50 ,37.30 , 43.23 respectively
Multiple comparison of MAXILLARY INTER PREMOLAR between the different groups statistically
siginificant.
In Group I showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group II and Group III were Highly
significant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared to both Group I and Group III were Highly significant.
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared to both Group I and Group II were Highly significant.
MAXILLARY INTER MOLAR

Multiple comparison of MAXILLARY INTER MOLAR between the different groups statistically siginificant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared to both Group I and Group III were Non significant.
MAXILLARY PALATAL DEPTH

Multiple comparison of MAXILLARY PALATAL DEPTH between the different groups statistically siginificant.
In Group II showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group I and Group III were Non significant.
In Group III showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group I and Group II were Non significant.
MANDIBULAR INTER CANINE

Multiple comparison of MANDIBULAR INTER CANINE between the different groups statistically siginificant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group I and Group III were Non significant.
MANDIBULAR INTER PREMOLAR

Multiple comparison of MANDIBULAR INTER CANINE between the different groups statistically siginificant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared to both Group I and Group III were Non significant.
MANDIBULAR INTER MOLAR

Multiple comparison of MANDIBULAR INTER MOLAR between in different groups statistically siginificant.
In Group I showed statistically siginificant when compared with Group II were Non significant.
In Group I showed statistically siginificant when compared with Group III were significant.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group I were non significant.
In Group II showed statistically siginificant when compared with Group III were Highly significant.
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared with Group I were significant.
In Group III showed statistically siginificant when compared with Group II were Highly significant.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
To aim of this study was to evaluate and compare dental arch width , palatal depth in different facial patterns on
untreated adults.
Compare the dental arch width and palatal depth of maxillary arch and arch width in mandibular arch with various
facial patterns is important in deciding the treatment plan whether to go for extraction or choosing a non extraction
treatment
FACIAL INDEX
In Group I showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group II and Group III treatment plan either all
four extraction or non extraction in both maxillary and mandibular arches.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group I decreased in maxillary and mandibular
arches in extraction group and increased in the non extraction group.
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group III increased in maxillary and mandibular
arches in the non extraction group and decreased in the extraction group
In Group III showed statistically significant when compared with Group I decreased in maxillary and mandibular
arches in extraction group and increased in the non extraction group
In Group II showed statistically significant when compared with Group II increased in maxillary and mandibular
arches in extraction group and increased in the non extraction group.
CEPHALIC INDEX
In Group I showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group II and Group III treatment plan either all
In Group II showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group I and Group III treatment plan either all
In Group III showed statistically siginificant when compared to both Group I and Group II treatment plan either all
The relationship was found to be an inverse relation in both males and females of untreated South Indian adults, ,
the dental arch widths tended to decrease.A generalized prediction was done for the dental arch widths
 The dental arch widths of males were found to be wider than females among untreated South Indian adults.
 Since dental arch width is associated with Leptoproscopic , Euryproscopic , Mesoproscopic facial patterns
and population groups,
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Evaluation and Comparison of Dental Arch Width, and Palatal Depth in Different Facial Pattern of Untreated Adults.

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Evaluation and Comparison of Dental Arch Width, and Palatal Depth in Different Facial Pattern of Untreated Adults.

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EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF DENTAL ARCH WIDTH, AND PALATAL DEPTH IN DIFFERENT

FACIAL PATTERN OF UNTREATED ADULTS.

Cephalic index was calculated using the formulae:

Morphologic facial index:

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

MICHAEL MARS [1973]

BILIN SPRING HSU [1998]23

ROBERT T. LEE [1999]25

VIRGILIO F. FERRARIO [2002]20

THOMAS STAMM [2003]22

CHUN-HSI CHUNG [2003]20

VIRGILIO FERRUCCIO FERRARIO [2003]38

MAHMOOD K. AHMED [2005]41

MATTHEW FORSTER (2008) 1

MEENA KUMARI [2010]

NABILA ANWAR [2010]

ANA EMILIA OGODESCU [2011]4

ARNALDO PINZAN [2011]

RAJAT MANGLA [2011]

ANAS K. HAMDY [2011]

JUCIENNE SALGADO RIBEIRO [2012]

MORIO MASUNAGA [2012]

ROBERTO HIDEO SHIMIZU [2012]

CRISTINA GRIPPAUDA BRUNO OLIVA [2013]16

CRISTINA GRIPPAUDO [2013]

MANDAVA PRASAD [2013]

KAREEM F AN ET AL./JSMC [2013]

HEIDRUN KJELLBERG [2013]

HORIEH JONEIDI JAFARI [2014]

JASSIM ALI JASSIM AL-E'NIZY [2015]

LORENZO FAVERO [2015]

KHIN MYO THU [2015]

HADY YOUSSEF MOHAMED SHARAB [2017]

MATERIALS AND METHODS WITH TABLES

For Sample Collection:

FIG 2: DIGITAL VERNIER CALIPERS

FIG 4: SHOWS MEASUREMENT IN CASTS

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF ALL VARIATIONS

TABLE 2 FACIAL INDEX

TABLE 3 CEPHALIC INDEX

TABLE 3A MULTIPLE COMPARISON IN CEPHALIC INDEX

TABLE 4 MAXILLARY INTERCANINE

TABLE 5 MAXILLARY INTER PREMOLAR

TABLE 6A MULTIPLE COMPARISON

TABLE 7 MAXILLARY PALATAL DEPTH

TABLE 8 MANDIBULAR INTER CANINE

TABLE 8A MULTIPLE COMPARISON

TABLE 9 MANDIBULAR INTER PREMOLAR

TABLE 9A MULTIPLE COMPARISON

TABLE 10 MANDIBULAR INTER MOLAR

TABLE 10A MULTIPLE COMPARISON

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF ALL VARIABLES

TABLE 2: FACIAL INDEX

TABLE 2A: FACIAL INDEX (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

TABLE 3: CEPHALIC INDEX

TABLE 3A: CEPHALIC INDEX (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

GROUP COMPARISON P VALUE

TABLE 4: INTER-CANINE WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH

Table 4a: INTER-CANINE WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

Table 5: INTER-PREMOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH

Table 5a: INTER-PREMOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)

Table 6: INTER-MOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH

Table 6a: INTER-MOLAR WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ARCH (MULTIPLE COMPARISON)