Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter Two
Water Supply and Sanitary
such as gas or alcoholic drinks. So water did not have any other competitor in keeping our
hygiene, beauty, healthiness and much more.
Still water is needed to grow plants and it is also the dominant facilitator on supplying
and donating the released oxygen and help us being able to breath clean and comfy air. And
still again water is the potential source of power.
There are two main water supplies that we can access water from; surface and ground.
Surface water supply includes water from the lakes, reservoirs, rivers and streams. These
water bodies are formed from direct rain, runoffs and springs. Ground water is taken out deep
from the ground. Source of water in different parts of the world may comprise of springs,
lakes, seas, rivers, and small ponds as well.
2.3 Sewers:
Sewers are underground pipes or conduits which carry sewage to the point of discharge.
2.4.3 Elevation of
Septic tank
2.4.4 Design of Septic tank for 5 users where sewage flow is 350 liquid per capita day.
Assume necessary data.
Given,
Now,
Volume of settling/ sedimentation of sewage, 𝑽𝟏 = No. of users x rate of sewage flow /1000
𝑽𝟏 = 5 x 350/1000 = 1.75 m3
Volume of sludge digestion, 𝑽𝟐 = 0.0425 x N
𝑽𝟐 = 0.0425 x 5 = 0.2125 m3
𝑽𝟑 = 0.085 x 5 = 0.425 m3
Here,
Taking, L = 2B
Now, L x b = A
2B x B = 1.592
𝟏.𝟓𝟗𝟐
B=√ 𝟐
= 0.892 > 0.75 𝑠𝑜, 𝑜𝑘.
L = 2B = 2 x 0.892 = 1.784 m
Take, 0.4 m
Thus, Provide a Septic Tank of Size = (1.784m x 0.892m x 1.9m) for 5 users.
2.5.3 Design of Soak pit for 5 users of 350 liquid per capita day (lpcd) rate of
sewage flow. Assume necessary data.
Given,
Rate of sewage Flow (Q) = 350 lpcd
No. of users (N) = 5
We have,
𝟏𝟑𝟎
I=
√𝒕
Assume, t = 25 min/cm
𝟏𝟑𝟎
i.e. I = 26 l/m2/day
√𝟐𝟓
𝑸 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟎
Now, A= 𝑰 = 𝟐𝟔
= 67.308 m2 (where Q = 350 x 5 = 1750 l/day from septic tank)