Exercise 6.

1 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Page # 255

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Circle
The set of all point in the plane that are equally distant from a fixed point is called a
circle.
The fixed point is called centre of the circle and the distance from the centre of the
circle to any point on the circle is called the radius of circle.
Equation of Circle
Let r be radius and C ( h, k ) be centre of circle. Let P ( x, y )
be any point on circle then
P(x,y)
PC = r r
⇒ ( x − h) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 = r
C(h,k)
On squaring
2 2
( x − h) + ( y − k ) = r2
This is equation of circle in standard form.
If centre of circle is at origin i.e. C ( h, k ) = C ( 0,0 ) then equation of circle becomes
x2 + y2 = r 2
Equation of circle with end points of diameter
Let A ( x1 , y1 ) and B ( x2 , y2 ) be end points of
diameter. P(x ,y)
Let P ( x, y ) be any point on circle then
m∠APB = 90
(Note: An angle in a semi circle is a right angle – A(x1 ,y1) B(x2 ,y2)
see Theorem 4 at page 270)
Thus the line AP and BP are ⊥ ar to each other
and we have
(Slope of AP ) (Slope of BP ) = − 1
 y − y1  y − y2 
⇒    = −1
 x − x1  x − x2 
⇒ ( y − y1 )( y − y2 ) = − ( x − x1 )( x − x2 )
⇒ ( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) + ( y − y1 )( y − y2 ) = 0
is the required equation of circle with end points of diameter A ( x1 , y1 ) & B ( x2 , y2 ) .
General form of an equation of a circle
The equation
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
represents a circle.
⇒ x + 2 gx + g + y + 2 fy + f 2 + c = g 2 + f 2
2 2 2

2 2
⇒ (x + g) +(y+ f ) = g2 + f 2 − c
FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 2

2
⇒ ( x − (− g ) )
2
+ ( y − (− f ) )
2
= ( 2
g + f −c 2
)
This is equation of circle in standard form with
centre at ( − g , − f ) and radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
Question # 1
In each of the following, find an equation of the circle with
(a) centre ( 5, −2 ) and radius 4 (b) centre ( )
2, −3 3 and radius 2 2
(c) ends of a diameter at ( −3,2 ) and ( 5, −6 ) .
Solution
(a) Given: centre C ( h, k ) = ( 5, −2 ) , radius = r = 4
Equation of circle:
2 2
( x − h) + ( y − k ) = r2
2 2 2
⇒ ( x − 5) + ( y + 2) = ( 4)
⇒ x 2 − 10 x + 25 + y 2 + 4 y + 4 = 16
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x + 4 y + 25 + 4 − 16 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x + 4 y + 13 = 0

(b) Given: centre C ( h, k ) = ( 2, −3 3 ) , radius = r = 2 2

Equation of circle:
2 2
( x − h) + ( y − k ) = r2
2 2 2
⇒ ( x− 2 ) ( + y+3 3 ) = ( 2 2 )
⇒ x 2 − 2 2 x + 2 + y 2 + 6 3 y + 27 = 8
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 2 x + 6 3 y + 2 + 27 − 8 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 2 x + 6 3 y + 21 = 0

(c) Given end points of diameter:

A ( x1 , y1 ) = ( −3,2 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) = ( 5, −6 )
Equation of circle with ends of diameter is
( x − x1 )( x − x2 ) + ( y − y1 )( y − y2 ) = 0
⇒ ( x − (−3) )( x − 5 ) + ( y − 2 )( y − (−6) ) = 0
⇒ ( x + 3)( x − 5 ) + ( y − 2 )( y + 6 ) = 0
⇒ x 2 + 3 x − 4 x − 15 + y 2 − 2 y + 6 y − 12 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y − 27 = 0
Question # 2
Find the centre and radius of the circle with the given equation
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 12 x − 10 y = 0 (b) 5 x 2 + 5 y 2 + 14 x + 12 y − 10 = 0

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 FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 3

(c) x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 4 y + 13 = 0 (d) 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 − 8 x + 12 y − 25 = 0
Solution
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 12 x − 10 y = 0
Here 2 g = 12 , 2 f = −10 , c = 0
⇒ g =6 , f = −5
So centre = ( − g , − f ) = ( −6,5 )
Radius = g2 + f 2 − c = (6) 2 + (−5) 2 − 0
= 36 + 25 = 61

(b) 5 x 2 + 5 y 2 + 14 x + 12 y − 10 = 0
14 12
⇒ x2 + y 2 + x + y − 2 = 0 ÷ing by 5
5 5
14 12
Here 2 g = , 2f = , c = −2
5 5
7 6
⇒ g= , f =
5 5
 7 6
Centre = ( − g , − f ) =  − , − 
 5 5
2 2
2 2 7 6
Radius = g + f −c =  5  +  5  − (−2)
   
49 36 27 3
= + +2 = = 3
25 25 5 5

(c) Do yourself as above.

(d) Do yourself as above.

Question # 3
Written an equation of the circle that passes through the given A

points B
r
(a) A ( 4,5 ) , B ( −4, −3) , C ( 8, −3) r
r C
(b) A ( −7,7 ) , B ( 5, −1) , C (10,0 ) H
(c) A ( a,0 ) , B ( 0, b ) , C ( 0,0 ) (d)
A ( 5,6 ) , B ( −3,2 ) , C ( 3, −4 )
Solution
Given: A ( 4,5 ) , B ( −4, −3) , C ( 8, −3)
Let H ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle, then
AH = BH = CH = r
2 2 2
⇒ AH = BH = CH = r2

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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 4

2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 4 ) + ( k − 5 ) = ( h + 4 ) + ( k + 3) = ( h − 8 ) + ( k + 3) = r 2 …… (i)
From eq. (i)
2 2 2 2
( h − 4 ) + ( k − 5 ) = ( h + 4 ) + ( k + 3)
⇒ h 2 − 8h + 16 + k 2 − 10k + 25 = h 2 + 8h + 16 + k 2 + 6k + 9
⇒ h 2 − 8h + 16 + k 2 − 10k + 25 − h 2 − 8h − 16 − k 2 − 6k − 9 = 0
⇒ − 16h − 16k + 16 = 0 ⇒ h + k − 1 = 0 …………. (ii)
Again from (i)
2 2 2 2
( h + 4 ) + ( k + 3) = ( h − 8 ) + ( k + 3)
2 2
⇒ ( h + 4) = ( h − 8) ⇒ h 2 + 8h + 16 = h 2 − 16h + 64
⇒ h 2 + 8h + 16 − h 2 + 16h − 64 = 0
⇒ 24h − 48 = 0 ⇒ 24h = 48 ⇒ h = 2
Putting value of h in (ii)
2 + k −1 = 0 ⇒ k +1 = 0 ⇒ k = −1
Again from (i)
2 2
r2 = ( h − 4 ) + ( k − 5)
2 2
= ( 2 − 4 ) + ( −1 − 5 ) ∵ h=2, k = −1
2 2
= ( −2 ) + ( −6 ) = 4 + 36 = 40 ⇒ r = 40
Now equation of circle with centre at H ( 2, −1) & r = 40
2
( x − 2 ) + ( y + 1) = ( 40 )
2 2

⇒ x 2 − 4 x + 4 + y 2 + 2 y + 1 = 40 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 2 y + 4 + 1 − 40 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 2 y − 35 = 0 Ans. A
B
(b) Given: A ( −7,7 ) , B ( 5, −1) , C (10,0 ) r
r
Let H ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle, then r C
H
AH = BH = CH = r
2 2 2
⇒ AH = BH = CH = r2
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h + 7 ) + ( k − 7 ) = ( h − 5 ) + ( k + 1) = ( h − 10 ) + ( k − 0 ) = r 2 ……. (i)
From equation (i) we have
2 2 2 2
( h + 7 ) + ( k − 7 ) = ( h − 10 ) + ( k − 0 )
⇒ h 2 + 14h + 49 + k 2 − 14k + 49 = h 2 − 20h + 100 + k 2
⇒ h 2 + 14h + 49 + k 2 − 14k + 49 − h 2 + 20h − 100 − k 2 = 0
⇒ 34h − 14k − 2 = 0 ⇒ 17 h − 7 k − 1 = 0 ………. (ii)
Again from (i)
2 2 2 2
( h − 5 ) + ( k + 1) = ( h − 10 ) + ( k − 0 )
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 FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 5

⇒ h 2 − 10h + 25 + k 2 + 2k + 1 = h 2 − 20h + 100 + k 2

⇒ h 2 − 10h + 25 + k 2 + 2k + 1 − h 2 + 20h − 100 − k 2 = 0
⇒ 10h + 2k − 74 = 0
⇒ 5h + k − 37 = 0 …………. (iii)
Multiplying eq. (iii) by 7 and subtracting from (ii)
17 h − 7 k − 1 = 0
35h + 7 k − 259 = 0
52h − 260 = 0
⇒ 52h = 260 ⇒ h = 5
Putting value of h in eq. (iii)
5 ( 5 ) + k − 37 = 0 ⇒ 25 + k − 37 = 0 ⇒ k − 12 = 0 ⇒ k = 12
Again from eq. (i), we have
2 2
r2 = (h + 7) + (k − 7)
2 2 2 2
= ( 5 + 7 ) + (12 − 7 ) = (12 ) + ( 5 ) = 144 + 25 = 169
⇒ r = 13
Now equation of circle with centre ( 5,12 ) and radius 13 :
2 2
( x − 5) + ( y − 12 ) = (13) 2
⇒ x 2 − 10 x + 25 + y 2 − 24 y + 144 = 169
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 24 y + 25 + 144 − 169 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 24 y = 0

(c) Given: A ( a,0 ) , B ( 0, b ) , C ( 0,0 ) A

Let H ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle, then B
r
r
AH = BH = CH = r r C
H
2 2 2
⇒ AH = BH = CH = r2

2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − a ) + ( k − 0) = ( h − 0) + ( k − b ) = ( h − 0) + ( k − 0) = r 2
2 2
⇒ ( h − a ) + k 2 = h 2 + ( k − b ) = h 2 + k 2 = r 2 …………….. (i)
From equation (i)
2
( h − a ) + k 2 = h 2 + k 2 ⇒ h 2 − 2ha + a 2 + k 2 = h 2 + k 2
a2 a
⇒ − 2ha + a 2
= 0 ⇒ − 2ha = − a 2
⇒ h = ⇒ h=
2a 2
Again from equation (i)
2
h2 + ( k − b ) = h2 + k 2
⇒ h 2 + k 2 − 2bk + b 2 = h 2 + k 2 ⇒ − 2bk + b 2 = 0

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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 6

b2 b
⇒ 2bk = b 2
⇒ k = ⇒ k =
2b 2
Again from equation (i)
r 2 = h2 + k 2
2 2
a b a 2 b2 a2 b2
=   +  = + ⇒ r = +
 2 2 4 4 4 4
a b a2 + b2
Now equation of circle with centre  ,  and radius
 2 2 2
2

2
a  b  a 2 b2 
 x − 2  +  y − 2  =  4 + 4 
     
2 2 2
a b a b2
⇒ x − ax + + y − by +
2 2
= +
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2
a b a b
⇒ x 2 − ax + + y 2 − by + − − = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − ax − by = 0
4 4 4 4
Alternative Method
Given point on circle: A ( a,0 ) , B ( 0, b ) , C ( 0,0 )
Consider an equation of circle in standard form
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ………. (i)
Since A ( a,0 ) lies on circle, therefore
(a ) 2 + (0)2 + 2 g (a ) + 2 f (0) + c = 0
⇒ a 2 + 2 ga + c = 0 ……. (ii)
Also B ( 0, b ) lies on the circle, then
(0) 2 + (b) 2 + 2 g (0) + 2 f (b) + c = 0
⇒ b 2 + 2 fb + c = 0 …………. (iii)
Also C ( 0,0 ) lies on the circle, therefore
(0) 2 + (0) 2 + 2 g (0) + 2 f (0) + c = 0 ⇒ c = 0
Putting value of c in (ii)
a2 a
a 2 + 2 ga + 0 = 0 ⇒ 2ga = − a 2 ⇒ g = − ⇒ g = −
2a 2
Putting value of c in (iii)
b 2 + 2 fb + 0 = 0 ⇒ 2 fb = − b 2
b2 b
⇒ f = − ⇒ f = −
2b 2
Putting value of g , f and c in (i)
 a  b
x2 + y2 + 2 −  x + 2  −  y + 0 = 0
 2  2
[
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − ax − by = 0

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 FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 7

Question # 4
In each of the following, find an equation of the B
A
circle passes through
(a) A ( 3, −1) , B ( 0,1) and have centre at l
4x − 3y − 3 = 0
C(h,k)
(b) A ( −3,1) with radius 2 and centre at
2x − 3y + 3 = 0
(c) A ( 5,1) and tangent to the line 2 x − y − 10 = 0
at B ( 3, −4 )
(d) A (1, 4 ) , B ( −1,8 ) and tangent to the line x + 3 y − 3 = 0
Solution
(a) Given: A ( 3, −1) , B ( 0,1)
l : 4x − 3y − 3 = 0
Let C ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle
∵ A & B lies on circle
∴ CA = CB = r
2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 3) + ( k + 1) = ( h − 0 ) + ( k − 1) = r …….. (i)
2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 3) + ( k + 1) = h 2 + ( k − 1) on squaring
⇒ h 2 − 6h + 9 + k 2 + 2 k + 1 = h 2 + k 2 − 2k + 1
⇒ h 2 − 6h + 9 + k 2 + 2k + 1 − h 2 − k 2 + 2 k − 1 = 0
⇒ − 6h + 4k + 9 = 0 ……… (ii)
Now since C ( h, k ) lies on given equation l
∴ 4h − 3k − 3 = 0 ……… (iii)
×ing equation (ii) by 3 & (iii) by 4 then adding
−18h + 12k + 27 = 0
16h −12 k − 12 = 0
− 2h + 15 = 0
15
⇒ 2h = 15 ⇒ h =
2
Putting in (iii)
 15 
4   − 3k − 3 = 0 ⇒ 30 − 3k − 3 = 0
 2
⇒ − 3k + 27 = 0 ⇒ 3k = 27 ⇒ k = 9
Now from eq. (i)
2
r = h 2 + ( k − 1)
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 8

2
 15  2 225 448
=  2  + ( 9 − 1) =
4
+ 64 =
4
 
 15  481
Now equation of circle with centre at C ( h, k ) =  ,9  and radius
 2  4
2
 15 
2
2  481 
 x − 2  + ( y − 9) =  4 
   
225 481
⇒ x 2 − 15 x + + y 2 − 18 y + 81 − = 0
4 4
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 15 x − 18 y + 17 = 0

(b) Given: A ( −3,1) lies on circle , radius = r = 2

A(-3,1)
l : 2x − 3y + 3 = 0
Let C ( h, k ) be centre of circle. l

r =2
Since A ( −3,1) lies on circle
C(h,k)
∴ r = AC
2 2
⇒ 2 = ( h + 3) + ( k − 1)
2 2
⇒ 4 = ( h + 3) + ( k − 1)
⇒ 4 = h 2 + 6h + 9 + k 2 − 2k + 1 ⇒ h 2 + 6h + 9 + k 2 − 2k + 1 − 4 = 0
⇒ h 2 + 6h + 9 + k 2 − 2k − 3 = 0 …….. (i)
Since centre C ( h, k ) lies on l
∴ 2h − 3k + 3 = 0
3k − 3
⇒ 2h = 3k − 3 ⇒ h = ………. (ii)
2
Putting value of h in (i)
2
 3k − 3  2  3k − 3 
 2  + k + 6  2  − 2k + 6 = 0
   
9k 2 − 18k + 9
⇒ + k 2 + 9k − 9 − 2k + 6 = 0
4
⇒ 9k − 18k + 9 + 4k 2 + 36k − 36 − 8k + 24 = 0
2
×ing by 4
⇒ 13k 2 + 10k − 3 = 0 ⇒ 13k 2 + 13k − 3k − 3 = 0
⇒ 13k ( k + 1) − 3 ( k + 1) = 0 ⇒ ( k + 1)(13k − 3) = 0
3
⇒ k = −1 or k = , Putting value of k in (ii)
13
3(−1) − 3
h = 3 ( 313) − 3
2 h =
−6 2
= 9 −3 − 30
2 13 13 = −15
= −3 = =
2 2 13
http://www.mathcity.org  15 3 
⇒  − ,  is centre of circle.
 13 13 
 FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 9

⇒ ( −3, −1) is centre of circle

Now equation of circle with centre at ( −3,1) and radius 2

2 2 2 2
( x + 3) + ( y + 1) = (2)2 ⇒ ( x + 3) + ( y + 1) = 4
 15 3 
Now equation of circle with centre at  − ,  and radius 2
 13 13 
2 2
 15   3 2
 x + 13  +  y − 13  = (2)
   
2 2
 15   3
⇒ x+  +y−  = 4
 13   13 

(c) Given: A ( 5,1) and l : 2 x − y − 10 = 0 is tangent at B ( 3, −4 ) l

Let C ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle. ,-4)
B(3
∵ A ( 5,1) and B ( 3, −4 ) lies on circle A(5,1)
r
r
∴ AC = BC = r
2 2 2 2 C(h,k)
⇒ ( h − 5) + ( k − 1) = ( h − 3) + ( k + 4 ) = r ..... (i)
2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 5) + ( k − 1) = ( h − 3) + ( k + 4 ) On squaring
⇒ h 2 − 10h + 25 + k 2 − 2k + 1 = h 2 − 6h + 9 + k 2 + 8k + 16
⇒ h 2 − 10h + 25 + k 2 − 2k + 1 − h 2 + 6h − 9 − k 2 − 8k − 16 = 0
⇒ − 4h − 10k + 1 = 0 ……….. (ii)
a 2
Now slope of tangent l = m1 = − = − = 2
b −1
k +4
And slope of radial segment CB = m2 =
h−3
Since radial segment is perpendicular to tangent therefore
m1m2 = − 1
k +4
⇒ 2  = − 1 ⇒ 2k + 8 = − h + 3
 h−3
⇒ h − 3 + 2k + 8 = 0
⇒ h + 2k + 5 = 0 ……….. (iii)
Multiplying eq. (iii) by 4 and adding in (ii)
4h + 8k + 20 = 0
− 4h −10 k + 1 = 0
− 2k + 21 = 0
21
⇒ 2k = 21 ⇒ k =
2
Putting value of k in (iii)
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 10

 21 
h + 2   + 5 = 0 ⇒ h + 21 + 5 = 0
 2
⇒ h + 26 = 0 ⇒ h = − 26
Now from eq. (i)
2 2
r = ( h − 3) + ( k + 4)
2 2

( −26 − 3) +  2 + 4  ( −29 ) +  2 
21 2 229
= =
   
841 4205
= 841 + =
4 4
 21  4205
Now equation of circle with centre at  −26,  and radius
 2 4
2
 2 21 
2
 4205 
( x + 26 ) +  y − 2  =  4 
   
441 4205
⇒ x 2 + 52 x + 676 + y 2 − 21 y + − = 0
4 4
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 52 x − 21y − 265 = 0

(d) Given; A (1, 4 ) , B ( −1,8 )

l : x + 3y − 3 = 0
Let C ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle then
AC = BC = r
2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 1) + ( k − 4 ) = ( h + 1) + ( k − 8 ) = r ………. (i)
Also l is tangent to circle
∴ radius of circle = ⊥ ar distance of C ( h, k ) form l
h + 3k − 3
⇒ r =
(1) 2 + (3)2
h + 3k − 3
⇒ r = ………. (ii)
10
Now from (i)
2 2 2 2
( h − 1) + ( k − 4) = ( h + 1) + ( k − 8)
On squaring
2 2 2 2
( h − 1) + ( k − 4 ) = ( h + 1) + ( k − 8 )
⇒ h 2 − 2h + 1 + k 2 − 8k + 16 = h 2 + 2h + 1 + k 2 − 16k + 64
⇒ h 2 − 2h + 1 + k 2 − 8k + 16 − h 2 − 2h − 1 − k 2 + 16k − 64 = 0
⇒ − 4h + 8k − 48 = 0
⇒ h − 2k + 12 = 0 …………. (iii)
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 FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 11

Now from (i) & (ii)

2 2 h + 3k − 3
( h − 1) + ( k − 4) =
10
On squaring
2
2 h + 3k − 3 2
( h − 1) + ( k − 4 ) = 10
⇒ 10 ( h − 1) + ( k − 4 )  = h 2 + 9k 2 + 9 + 6hk − 18k − 6h
2 2
 
⇒ 10  h 2 − 2h + 1 + k 2 − 8k + 16  = h 2 + 9k 2 + 9 + 6hk − 18k − 6h
⇒ 10h 2 − 20h + 10 + 10k 2 − 80k + 160 − h 2 − 9k 2 − 9 − 6hk + 18k + 6h = 0
⇒ 9h 2 + k 2 − 14h − 62k − 6hk + 161 = 0 ………. (iv)
From (iii)
h = 2k − 12 …….. (v)
Putting in (iv)
2
9 ( 2k − 12 ) + k 2 − 14 ( 2k − 12 ) − 62k − 6 ( 2k − 12 ) k + 161 = 0
( )
⇒ 9 4k 2 − 48k + 144 + k 2 − 28k + 168 − 62k − 12k 2 + 72k + 161 = 0
⇒ 36k 2 − 432k + 1296 + k 2 − 28k + 168 − 62k − 12k 2 + 72k + 161 = 0
⇒ 25k 2 − 450k + 1625 = 0
⇒ k 2 − 18k + 65 = 0 ÷ing by 25
⇒ k − 13k − 5k + 65 = 0
2
⇒ k ( k − 13) − 5 ( k − 13) = 0
⇒ ( k − 13)( k − 5 ) = 0
⇒ k = 13 or k = 5
Putting in eq. (v) Putting in (v)
h = 2(13) − 12 h = 2 ( 5 ) − 12
= 26 − 12 = 14 = 10 − 12 = − 2
Now from (i) Now from (i)
2 2
r = ( h − 1) + ( k − 4) r = ( h − 1)
2
+ ( k − 4)
2

2 2
⇒ r = (14 − 1) + (13 − 4 ) 2 2
= ( 2 − 1) + (5 − 4)
2 2
= (13) + (9) = 169 + 81 = 1+1 = 2
= 250 Now eq. of circle with centre ( 2,5 )
Now eq. of circle with centre (14,13) and radius 2
2
and radius 170
2
2
( x − 2) + ( y − 5) =
2
( ) 2
( x − 14 )
2
+ ( y − 13) =
2
( 250 ) ⇒ ( x − 2)
2 2
+ ( y − 5) = 2
2 2
⇒ ( x − 14 ) + ( y − 13) = 250

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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 12

Question # 5 y

Find an equation of a circle of radius a and lying in the

second quadrant such that it is tangent to both the axes.
Solution ( – a,a) a
Radius of circle = r = a
a
∵ circle lies in second quadrant and touching both the
axis therefore centre of circle is ( − a, a ) x

So equation of circle
2 2
( x − (−a ) ) + ( y − a ) = (a) 2
⇒ x 2 + 2ax + a 2 + y 2 − 2ay + a 2 − a 2 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2ax − 2ay + a 2 = 0
Question # 6
Show that the lines 3 x − 2 y = 0 and 2 x + 3 y − 13 = 0 are tangents to the circle
x2 + y2 + 6x − 4 y = 0
Solution
Suppose
l1
l1 : 3 x − 2 y = 0
l2 : 2 x + 3 y − 13 = 0
S : x2 + y2 + 6x − 4 y = 0
From S C( – 3,2)
2g = 6 , 2 f = − 4 , c = 0
⇒ g = 3 , f = −2 ,
Centre C ( − g , − f ) = C ( −3, 2 )
Radius = r = g2 + f 2 − c
= (3) 2 + (−2) 2 − 0
= 9 + 4 = 0 = 13
Now to check l1 is tangent to circle, we find
3(−3) − 2(2) + 0
⊥ ar distance of l1 from centre =
(3) 2 + (−2) 2
−9−4 − 13 13
= = =
9+4 13 13
= 13 = radius of circle
⇒ l1 is tangent to given circle.
Now to check l2 is tangent to circle, let
2(−3) + 3(2) − 13
⊥ ar distance of l2 from centre =
(2) 2 + (3) 2

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 FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 13

− 6 + 6 − 13 − 13
= =
4+9 13
13
= = 13 = Radius of circle
13
⇒ l2 is also tangent to given circle.
[[

Circles touching each other externally or internally

Let C1 be centre and r1 be radius of circle S1 and C2 be r1 r2
centre and r2 be radius of circle S2 . C1 C2

Then they touch each other externally if S1

S2
C1C2 = r1 + r2
r1 C1 C2

And they touch each other internally if r2

C1C2 = r2 − r1
Question # 7
Show that the circles
x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 7 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 4 y + 9 = 0 touch externally.
Solution
Let S1 : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 7 = 0
S2 : x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 4 y + 9 = 0
For S1 : r1 r2
2 g = 2 , 2 f = −2 , c = −7 C1 C2
⇒ g =1 , f = −1 ,
Let C1 be centre and r1 be radius of circle S1 , S1
S2
then
C1 ( − g , − f ) = C1 ( −1,1)
Radius = r1 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (1) 2 + (−1)2 − (−7) = 1+1+ 7 = 9 = 3
For S2 :
2 g = −6 , 2 f = 4 , c = 9
⇒ g = −3 , f =2
Let C2 be centre and r2 be radius of circle S2 then
C2 ( − g , − f ) = C2 ( 3, −2 )
Radius = r2 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (−3) 2 + (2) 2 − 9 = 9+ 4−9 = 4 = 2
Now circles touch each other externally if
C1C2 = r1 + r2
⇒ (3 + 1) 2 + (−2 − 1) 2 = 3 + 2
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 14

⇒ 16 + 9 = 5 ⇒ 25 = 5 ⇒ 5 = 5
[[[
Hence both circles touch each other externally.
Question # 8
Show that the circles
x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 8 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 6 y − 46 = 0 touches internally.
Solution
Suppose S1 : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 8 = 0
S2 : x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 6 y − 46 = 0 r 1 C1 C2
For S1 : 2 g = 2 , 2 f = 0 , c = −8 r2

⇒ g =1 , f =0
Let C1 be centre and r1 be radius of circle S1 then
C1 ( − g , − f ) = C ( −1,0 )
Radius = r1 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (1) 2 + (0)2 + 8 = 9 = 3
For S2 : 2 g = −6 , 2 f = 6 , c = −46
⇒ g = −3 , f =3
Let C2 be centre and r2 be radius of circle S2 then
C2 ( − g , − f ) = C2 ( 3, −3)
Radius = r2 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (3)2 + (−3)2 − (−46) = 9 + 9 + 46 = 64 =8
Now circles touch each other internally if
C1C2 = r2 − r1 ⇒ (3 + 1)2 + (−3 − 0) 2 = 8 − 3
⇒ 16 + 9 = 5 ⇒ 25 = 5 ⇒ 5 = 5
Hence circles are touching each other internally.
Question # 9
Find an equation of the circle of radius 2 and tangent to the line x − y − 4 = 0 at
A (1, −3) .
Solution ent
t ang
Given: Radius r = 2 , ,-3)
A(1
Tangent: x − y − 4 = 0 at A (1, −3)
2
Suppose C ( h, k ) be the centre then
AC = 2 C(h,k)
2 2
⇒ ( h − 1) + ( k + 3) = 2
On squaring
2 2
( h − 1) + ( k + 3) = 4
⇒ h 2 − 2h + 1 + k 2 + 6k + 9 − 4 = 0 ⇒ h 2 + k 2 − 2h + 6k + 6 = 0 …….. (i)
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 FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 15

k +3
Now slope of radial line AC =
h −1
1
Slope of line tangent = − =1
−1
Since radial line is ⊥ ar to tangent, therefore
(Slope of radial line) (Slope of tangent) = − 1
 k +3
⇒   (1) = − 1
 h −1 
⇒ k + 3 = − ( h − 1) ⇒ k = − h + 1 − 3 ⇒ k = − h − 2 …….. (ii)
2
Putting in (i) h 2 + ( −h − 2 ) − 2h + 6 ( −h − 2 ) + 6 = 0
⇒ h 2 + h 2 + 4h + 4 − 2h − 6h − 12 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 2h 2 − 4h − 2 = 0 ⇒ h 2 − 2h − 1 = 0
2 ± (−2)2 − 4(1)(−1) Putting h = 1 − 2 in (ii)
⇒ h =
2(1)
2± 4+4 2± 8 k = −1+ 2 − 2 ⇒ k = − 3 + 2
= = Now equation of circle with
2 2
=
2±2 2
= 1± 2
(
centre 1 − 2, −3 + 2 and radius 2. )
2 2 2
( x − (1 − 2) ) ( − y − (−3 + 2) ) = (2) 2
Putting h = 1 + 2 in (ii) 2 2

k = −1− 2 − 2
⇒ ( x −1+ 2) −( y + 3− 2) ) = 4

⇒ k = −3− 2
Now equation of circle with
(
centre 1 + 2, −3 − 2 and radius 2.)
2 2
( x − (1 + 2) ) ( − y − (−3 − 2) ) = (2) 2
2 2
⇒ ( x −1 − 2) −( y + 3+ 2) ) = 4

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Book: Exercise 6.1 (Page 255)

Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in PDF Format

Updated: September,12,2017.
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