Professional Documents
Culture Documents
’ RWANDA IS RISING
WHO CAN FILL ILLUMINATING VERDANT, REFLECTIVE
MERKEL’S ROLE? A NATION’S STORY AND OPEN FOR BUSINESS
PAGE 3 | WORLD PAGE 19 | CULTURE BACK PAGE | TRAVEL
..
Every good politician knows that you First there was the middle-class tax cut
need a closing argument for your that even his allies and many of his aides
campaign, a way to seal the deal with had not heard about. Then troops were
wavering voters or goose turnout dispatched to the border to counter an
among the already committed. So in “invasion of our country” by impover-
the last two weeks, with the midterms ished migrants far from the border.
looming, Donald Trump has offered a And then, on Tuesday, President
set of closing arguments that might be Trump declared that he would sign an
summarized as follows: The fake news executive order essentially rewriting
media is the enemy and reporters de- the Constitution as it has been tradition-
serve to be roughed up a little, I’m ally interpreted to stop children of un-
going to help the middle class with tax documented immigrants from automat-
cuts and cheaper prescription drugs, ically becoming citizens just because
and nobody will be tougher on illegal they are born in the United States,
immigration — claiming power no other president has
The president whether that means asserted.
sending thousands of In the last days before a midterm con-
closes the troops to the south- gressional election that will determine
2018 ern border or ending the future of his presidency, Mr. Trump
campaign birthright citizenship seems to be throwing almost anything
with a return by fiat. he can think of against the wall to see
to his 2016 The media-bash- ANUSHREE FADNAVIS/REUTERS what might stick, no matter how unteth-
strategy. ing part of the pitch Smog shrouding the India Gate war memorial in New Delhi. In some global rankings of cities with the worst air pollution, India holds nine of the top 10 spots. ered from political or legal reality. Frus-
comes from Trump’s trated that other topics — like last
Twitter feed and his week’s spate of mail bombs — came to
Y(1J85IC*KKNPKP( +&!"!$![![
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Belgium € 3.50 Czech Rep CZK 110 Gabon CFA 2700 Ivory Coast CFA 2700 Morocco MAD 30 Saudi Arabia SR 15.00 Syria US$ 3.00
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..
2 | THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2018 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION
page two
World
E.U. is nervous at prospect of Merkel’s exit
Mr. Trump and Mr. Putin may be glad
BRUSSELS
when she goes, as well.
Mr. Trump has always had issues with
Germany, especially over trade and the
Anxiety over who can fill German devotion to multilateralism.
“But with Merkel it seems to be worse,
role of a reliable protector almost personal, the way she avoids
of Europe’s core values open confrontation and sticks to her
principles,” Mr. Valasek said.
BY STEVEN ERLANGER Mr. Trump, he said, “will be relieved,
but the fundamentals of the relationship
The European stage Angela Merkel won’t change. And I think Putin will be
commanded for so long and so effec- delighted. The staying power of the
tively may be cracking, if not collapsing. sanctions against Russia were her per-
She has been the poster woman for Eu- sonal triumph.”
rope’s democratic center, but the center There will be continuing uncertainty
is imploding. She and Germany have as to how long Ms. Merkel will be able to
been a symbol of stability, but now even continue as chancellor, despite her
Germany is seen as politically unstable. strong wish, as Mr. Janning said, “to
Nonetheless, the prospect of her de- hand over the job to someone who has
parture — she announced this week that won it in an election.” Ms. Merkel, who
she will not run for another term as the ran only reluctantly for a fourth term af-
German chancellor — has created a de- ter the election of Mr. Trump, “will hand
gree of panic at the core of the European it over in dignity to an elected successor
Union. and not be pushed out by her party,” he
Ms. Merkel may be becoming more said.
unpopular at home, and her influence But new elections could come faster
over others may be waning. But to those than she now expects.
who believed — and worked for — the Writing in the Süddeutsche Zeitung,
dream of an ever-closer union, Ms. Matthias Kolb said that given all the
Merkel was considered fundamentally challenges facing the European Union,
reliable, decent and committed to Eu- “one can only hope that Chancellor
rope and its values. She stood as a bul- Merkel and her new partner who heads
wark against the strutting populists the conservative party are able to work
who now run countries as varied as Ita- together and make clear what is at stake
ly, Hungary and Poland. for Germany” in next year’s European
What Europe will do without Ms. election.
Merkel is no small question, especially “With her departure,” he wrote, “a po-
when nationalism is rising and Europe’s litician is leaving who had the ability to
politics seem to be reorganized not speak at eye level with Presidents Xi,
along the usual left-right spectrum, but Trump and Putin, and always repre-
rather around who is for Europe, and sented the position of the E.U. It will
who is against it. take time before her successor reaches
“She provided the sense that someone such standing.”
was in control and could be counted on,” There are worries about Ms. Merkel’s
said Jan Techau, the Berlin-based direc- KAMIL ZIHNIOGLU/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK position, somewhat thrust upon her, as
tor of the Europe program for the Ger- Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany has a consensus-minded pragmatism that has been crucial to keeping Europe together through a series of crises. the defender of Western values and the
man Marshall Fund of the United States. international order, especially in the
“She gave the assurance that Germany face of the challenges from Mr. Trump,
was the reserve power in Europe on has no representatives in the European warm to some of his other proposals — much has happened except trying to The Polish politician Jaroslaw Ka- Mr. Putin and the Chinese leader, Xi Jin-
which you could depend. While she Parliament. And his ideas for reform of like the idea of empowering a European solve one crisis after another.” czynski has demonized the German ping. Those were expressed in a Twitter
made mistakes, you could rely on the bloc and the eurozone — the group of finance minister — Ms. Merkel did at Ms. Merkel’s consensus-minded chancellor over the migration issue and message by Richard N. Haass, head of
Merkel even if you didn’t like her.” countries that share the euro currency least provide a reasonably like-minded pragmatism was crucial to the passing her support for the Nordstream II pipe- the American Council on Foreign Rela-
Who can act as a counterbalance to — laid out in September 2017, have got- partner at the core of Europe. of the Lisbon Treaty that governs bloc line from Russia, and the Greeks blamed tions.
the forces tearing at the bloc’s unity in ten little traction. Any Merkel successor is unlikely to be relations, to the decision to keep Greece her for all but strangling their country “The Merkel era is close to ending,
her eventual absence — Ms. Merkel said The problem for Mr. Macron was, and any more supportive of Mr. Macron’s inside the eurozone against strong op- financially. leaving the West and the post-WW2 int’l
she would finish her term that ends in remains, that he is not strong enough on ideas and will have a lot less stature in position, and to the Western response to Hungary’s prime minister, Viktor Or- order w/o a leader,” he wrote. “The US of
2021, though that seems doubtful — is Brussels than the chancellor has earned the Russian annexation of Crimea and ban, has set himself up as the anti- @realDonaldTrump has abdicated. The
suddenly an urgent discussion. after 102 European summit meetings the sanctions that followed. Merkel for European elections in May, UK is distracted. Canada lacks means.
Tomas Valasek, the director of Car- “She gave the assurance that since she took office in 2005. While a reluctant leader, Ms. Merkel and along with the new Italian populist Macron is too weak. Bodes poorly for
negie Europe, a foreign policy research Germany was the reserve The rest of this year will see little has provided a dignified but firm re- leaders, has been critical of the sanc- stability, prosperity, freedom.”
organization, said that Ms. Merkel “cre- power in Europe on which progress, said Josef Janning of the Euro- sponse to both President Vladimir V. tions on Russia but has so far not But Ms. Merkel has been badly weak-
ated European consensus out of noth- pean Council on Foreign Relations in Putin of Russia and to President Trump, blocked their renewal. ened, too. And as Mr. Valasek suggests,
ing,” and everyone wonders, “My God,
you could depend.” Berlin, because “she’s a very lame duck who have both tried to provoke her. The countries of Central Europe were her leaving office “may in fact take some
who will do the job for her?” until a new party leader is elected, with- Some European leaders, of course, opposed to Ms. Merkel’s initial welcome steam out of the populist wave.”
Emmanuel Macron, the president of his own to push through his ambitious out carte blanche to move in Europe.” will be glad to see her go. Ms. Merkel’s of refugees and migrants and her efforts “The zeitgeist is getting someone else
France, is “now the default leader of Eu- vision of ‘‘more Europe.’’ He needs Ger- All of that portends badly for buttress- critics note that her hard line on enforc- to spread them around. But as Mr. in place,” he said. “So it’s possible when
rope, the big hope,” Mr. Techau said. man support. ing European Union machinery that ing austerity during the financial crisis Valasek, the Carnegie Europe director, the leader leaves who looms largest,
“He’s the last one with a strong mandate On paper, Ms. Merkel has committed could help the bloc head off another fi- and her decision to let a million migrants pointed out, the Czechs and Slovaks ap- since 2005, and represents the largest
and an instinct for the right thing.” to support some of Mr. Macron’s ideas nancial crisis, or at least weather one. into Germany may have helped fuel the preciated her financial rigor, and Ger- E.U. country, this might have salutary
But for now at least, before elections for eurozone reform and his call for a “2018 was supposed to be the year of re- populist backlash that is now Europe’s man investment in Central Europe has effect on the restlessness of the masses
in May, Mr. Macron, unpopular at home, new start in Europe. If she was luke- form,” Mr. Janning said. “But nothing biggest challenge. been crucial to the region’s economy. in getting out the elite no matter what.”
world
Beijing
reverses ban
on rhino and
tiger parts
BEIJING
In Africa, ‘paper parks’ are starved for cash is that it actually puts a number to the least 50 percent, the researchers relied “there’s no reason that won’t continue Dr. Lindsey added that the benefits
ping’s efforts to promote an image of
China as a responsible environmental
steward capable of tackling global is-
sues like climate change and air pollu-
tion.
Potential of protected areas problem,” said Mr. Fearnhead, who was on three financial models. Then, follow- unless the situation changes,” said Tim for nations that do invest are only set to “A small number of individuals stand
not involved in the study. ing a review of state wildlife and donor Tear, executive director of the Africa grow. Tourism is rising globally, and as to make a lot of money perhaps at the
as havens for lions isn’t In the new analysis, the authors used funding, as well as interviews with park program at the Wildlife Conservation more natural areas are lost to develop- price of the species,” said Peter Knights,
being realized, study finds wild lions as a proxy for how Africa’s na- managers and officials, the team totaled Society, who was not involved in the ment, the few places that retain wilder- chief executive of WildAid, an envi-
tional parks are faring. Because of their the dollars available for protected areas study. ness and wildlife will increase exponen- ronmental advocacy group based in San
BY RACHEL NUWER place at the top of the food chain, lions in the 23 countries included in their “If we want to see many of Africa’s tially in value. Francisco. He added that the decision
are considered an umbrella species — a study. iconic species now and into the future, African countries, however, should “comes completely out of the blue and
As if illegal mining, logging and poach- bellwether of an ecosystem’s health. They found that 88 percent to 94 per- then this paper calls out pretty starkly not bear sole responsibility for preserv- with no rationale.”
ing weren’t bad enough, Africa’s na- “If lions are doing well, everything cent of parks operate on budgets that that we’re going to have to change the ing the continent’s nature, the re-
tional parks face another dire threat: else — with the exception of rhinos — is are less than 20 percent of that required way we continue to invest.” searchers write. Many nations have set
They’re vastly underfunded. also doing well,” said Peter Lindsey, di- to perform effective conservation. Should business continue as usual, aside a significantly greater proportion
According the most comprehensive rector of the lion recovery fund at the people also stand to lose, Dr. Lindsey of land for conservation than the global
analysis of conservation funding to date, Wildlife Conservation Network and an said. average, yet are not compensated for
90 percent of nearly 300 protected areas author of the new paper. (Rhinos are an Without investment soon, Healthy ecosystems provide many the costs of bypassing development.
on the continent face funding shortfalls. exception because of poaching to meet “African countries may lose the benefits, from watershed protection to “The global community needs to rec-
Together, the deficits total at least a bil- the extreme demand for rhino horn.) opportunity to benefit from these carbon storage. In many places in Afri- ognize that there’s an imbalance here,
lion dollars. Throughout much of Africa, lions are ca, parks also contribute to job creation, and everyone needs to do their part to
Failing to address this deficit will re- not doing well. Their numbers have
species in years to come.” economic growth and rural develop- help fix it,” Dr. Tear said.
sult in severe and ongoing declines of dropped 43 percent over the past two ment through tourism — a $34 billion in- While the amount needed to renew Af-
such iconic species as lions, researchers decades to as few as 20,000 in the wild. Parks need to invest $377 to $783 per dustry on the continent, the majority of rica’s parks may seem daunting at first,
warned last week in the Proceedings of They now occupy just 8 percent of their square mile, the researchers concluded. which is tied to wildlife. Mr. Fearnhead pointed out that it is a mi-
the National Academy of Sciences. historic habitat. On average, parks spend just $77 per Some countries already reap many of nuscule amount on a global scale. MANAN VATSYAYANA/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
Some parks will likely disappear alto- A growing proportion of their range is square mile. these benefits. Recognizing that they “Literally a single individual — admit- Rhino parts are revered in traditional
gether. found in national parks and reserves. The grand total to renew Africa’s derive a significant portion of their na- tedly a very wealthy one — could be the medicine for supposed healing powers.
“The assumption is that parks are just But according to Dr. Lindsey’s and Dr. parks: $1.2 billion to $2.4 billion each tional incomes from nature-related tour- solution to a continental challenge, and
fine because they’re designated as pro- Miller’s research — which they under- year. If the funding deficits are not ad- ism, South Africa and Kenya invest that creates hope,” he said.
tected,” said Jennifer Miller, a senior sci- took while working at Panthera, a group dressed, lions and other wildlife in af- more heavily than most other countries In addition to philanthropic donors In 2016, China, along with the United
entist at the conservation group Defend- dedicated to conserving wild cats — fected areas will likely experience cata- in protected areas, and relatively few of and companies, the shortfall could be States, announced that it would ban the
ers of Wildlife and an author of the re- most protected areas are not realizing strophic declines, the authors warn. their parks face deficits. remedied if developed nations and sale of ivory. China’s domestic ban,
port. “But in many cases, they don’t their potential as safe havens for lions. Protected areas that are not ad- Other nations, on the other hand, such agencies such as the World Bank which went into effect this year, was
have the resources to do conservation. Over two-thirds of the state-owned equately managed inevitably succumb as Mozambique, have many lions and stepped up their conservation commit- widely applauded as a critical step in
They’re just paper parks.” parks the team surveyed hold lion popu- to poaching, illegal livestock incursions, stunning landscapes, but have yet to ments, Dr. Lindsey said. ending elephant poaching in Africa.
That the parks are operating on a lations that are less than half of what land grabs and illegal mining and log- profit from those assets because their Africa currently receives around $51 Now, just as prices for rhino horn are
shoestring comes as no surprise to they could be, based on the prey those ging. tourism industries are underdeveloped. billion in annual development aid — decreasing and populations of tigers
those working to preserve Africa’s wil- habitats could support, the researchers “It’s a tragedy of the commons situa- “That’s an important piece of the puz- about 200 times what it gets for support- seem to be stabilizing, the environmen-
derness, said Peter Fearnhead, chief ex- said. If properly managed, those parks tion,” Dr. Lindsey said. “If there’s open zle,” Dr. Tear said. “If we don’t invest ing its protected areas. Reallocating just tal advocates say, China threatens to
ecutive and co-founder of African Parks, could quadruple the population of wild access to wildlife, you’d better poach or more in the near future, then African 2 percent of that money toward conser- hurt that progress.
a nonprofit that manages 15 protected lions in Africa. someone else will.” countries may lose the opportunity to vation, Dr. Lindsey and his colleagues Chinese officials this week did not
areas on the continent. To estimate the amount of funding Wildlife is already quickly declining benefit from these species in years to write, could stem much of the impend- draw attention to the reversal of the
“What’s very helpful about this paper needed to increase populations by at across many parks in Africa, and come.” ing crisis. rhino horn and tiger bone bans, put in
place in 1993, nor did they explain the
decision.
Experts said the move was probably
world
world
In welcoming refugees,
group drew online ire
In another post, he wrote: “You like to
Jewish agency in U.S. bring in hostile invaders to dwell among
us? We appreciate the list of friends you
was criticized by suspect have provided.” Alongside it was a link
in Pittsburgh shooting to information on the National Refugee
Shabbat Event, celebrated on Oct. 20 at
BY MIRIAM JORDAN more than 300 Jewish congregations in
33 states.
When Mazen Hasan had to flee his na- Mark Hetfield, the president of HIAS,
tive Iraq because his work for the Amer- said the climate of political rancor over
ican military had drawn threats on his immigration had given impetus to the
life, it was a Jewish refugee resettle- national refugee event. “We felt that at a
ment agency called HIAS that helped time when the U.S. is doing less and less
him and his family to settle in Pitts- for refugees, that we must demonstrate,
burgh. as a refugee people, that it is more im-
“They did everything they can to help portant than ever to continue to wel-
us and make it easy to adjust to a new come refugees as a community,” he said.
life here,” said Mr. Hasan, 61, an engi- The Trump administration has
neer who arrived in the United States in sharply reduced the number of people
2014. fleeing violence and persecution who
HIAS is one of nine agencies with con- are admitted to the United States as ref-
tracts from the State Department to ugees, lowering the annual ceiling from
help refugees acclimate to the United the 110,000 set before Mr. Trump took of-
States. It has aided immigrants with di- fice to 45,000 in the 2018 fiscal year,
verse talents from all corners of the which ended Sept. 30, and to 30,000 for
world, including the co-founders of fiscal 2019. Delays caused by extra lev-
Google and WhatsApp. els of screening ordered by the Trump
It is also the target of many anti-Se- administration — targeting especially
mitic rants posted on social media by people from 11 countries, 10 of them pre-
Robert Bowers, the suspect in the mass dominantly Muslim — meant that only
shooting last week at the Tree of Life 22,491 refugees actually arrived in fiscal
synagogue in Pittsburgh — including 2018.
one post published only a few hours be- Since it began in 1881 in a storefront
fore the shooting. Eleven worshipers on the Lower East Side of Manhattan as
were killed in the attack. the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society,
The agency’s local affiliate, Jewish HIAS has assisted millions of people dis-
Family and Community Services of placed by conflict or persecution, often
Pittsburgh, met the Hasans at the air- on account of their religious or political
port when they arrived, drove them to beliefs, to rebuild their lives. Its clients
the apartment that had been arranged have often been Jews — its first mission
for the family and shepherded them was to aid those fleeing pogroms in HILARY SWIFT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
through the process of getting Social Se- Eastern Europe — but the agency has A memorial at the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh. Balancing Jewish traditions with a criminal investigation presents a rare set of challenges for the mourning families.
curity numbers, securing medical care also helped resettle thousands of Viet-
and learning how to get around the city namese, Cambodians and Laotians.
world
LINKS
said Peter J. Spiro, a law professor at in San Francisco to Chinese parents was
executive order to end Temple University. “The conventional a United States citizen, even though the
birthright U.S. citizenship understanding is absolutely clear that parents were prohibited by the Chinese TO CELEBRATE THE 50TH
children born in the United States are Exclusion Act from ever becoming citi- ANNIVERSARY OF THE VISIT
BY ADAM LIPTAK
citizens of the United States, with the in- zens.
significant exception of the children of James C. Ho, a conservative legal OF QUEEN ELIZABETH II
The words of the 14th Amendment are diplomats,” he said. scholar recently appointed by Mr.
plain, and the scholarly and judicial con- A main purpose of the clause was to Trump to the federal appeals court in TO CHILE
sensus about what they mean is nearly overrule Dred Scott, the shameful 1857 New Orleans, has written that the mes-
CURATED BY
uniform: Children born in the United Supreme Court decision that said black sage of the decision is unmistakable.
IBERIA TORRES ABELAIRA
States automatically become citizens of slaves were property and not citizens. “This sweeping language reaches all
the United States. The decision said the Constitution aliens regardless of immigration sta-
THAT
In an interview released this week, barred Congress and the states from tus,” he wrote in 2006.
President Trump proposed a different granting citizenship to the descendants The 1898 decision did not specifically
reading of the amendment, one he said of slaves, and it helped prompt the Civil discuss unauthorized immigrants. But
denies birthright citizenship to the chil- War. in 1982, in Plyler v. Doe, the Supreme
dren of undocumented immigrants. Mr. “In its most monumentally erroneous Court ruled that undocumented chil-
Trump said he was preparing to issue an decision, the Supreme Court created a dren were entitled to free public educa-
executive order to that end. monstrous exception to the common law tion.
The statement sounded more like a rule that birth on American soil to a free The court relied on another part of the
political stunt than a reasoned legal ar- person was sufficient for American citi- 14th amendment, its equal protection
gument, and its timing, coming a week zenship,” Walter Dellinger, then the clause, and it interpreted language simi-
before the midterm elections, was sus- head of the Justice Department’s Office lar to that in the citizenship clause.
pect. of Legal Counsel, said in congressional “Although the court splintered over
LAST
Nor was it clear what the executive testimony in 1995. “The court held that the specific question of public educa-
order would say, or how it could change no persons of African descent — includ- tion,” Mr. Ho wrote, “all nine justices
the meaning of the Constitution. ing free persons of African descent — agreed that the Equal Protection Clause
But there was little question that any and none of their descendants for all protects legal and illegal aliens alike.
action by Mr. Trump to try to alter birth- time to come could ever be citizens of And all nine reached that conclusion
right citizenship would be met with im- the United States regardless of their precisely because illegal aliens are ‘sub-
mediate legal challenges. birth in America.” ject to the jurisdiction’ of the U.S., no less
“The president cannot erase the Con- In congressional debates about the than legal aliens and U.S. citizens.”
stitution with an executive order, and 14th Amendment in 1866, lawmakers In asides in later decisions, too, the
the 14th Amendment’s citizenship guar- said its sweep should be wide. Supreme Court has assumed that the
antee is clear,” said Omar Jadwat, the di- “Is the child of the Chinese immigrant children of unauthorized immigrants
rector of the American Civil Liberties in California a citizen?” Senator Edgar born in the United States are citizens.
Union’s Immigrants’ Rights Project. Cowan of Pennsylvania asked on the Two of Mr. Trump’s appointees sit on
“This is a transparent and blatantly un- Senate floor. the Supreme Court, and it is more con-
constitutional attempt to sow division Senator John Conness of California servative than it has been in decades.
and fan the flames of anti-immigrant ha- said the answer was yes. But there is little reason to think a ma-
tred in the days ahead of the midterms.” “The children of all parentage what- jority of the justices would be inclined to
The citizenship clause of the 14th ever, born in California, should be re- adopt Mr. Trump’s understanding of the
Amendment, ratified in the aftermath of garded and treated as citizens of the 14th Amendment, as the constitutional-
the Civil War, says, “All persons born or United States, entitled to equal civil ity of birthright citizenship is not an is-
sue that tends to divide lawyers along
ideological lines.
A few prominent scholars have dis-
sented, notably Peter H. Schuck, an
emeritus professor at Yale Law School. LONDON SANTIAGO DE CHILE
“The argument against any birthright
citizenship is that these children are 9.11.2018 - 29.11.2018 15.11.2018 - 15.12.2018
here as a result of an illegal act and thus MON-FRI 10AM-5PM TUE-SUN 10AM-6PM
have no claim to membership in a coun- CHILEAN EMBASSY, GROUND FLOOR - SALA DE EVENTOS CASA MUSEO EDUARDO FREI MONTALVA,
try built on the ideal of mutual consent,” 37-41 OLD QUEEN STREET, LONDON SW1 9JA HIDENBURG 683, PROVIDENCIA, SANTIAGO DE CHILE
he wrote in 2010.
There may be good policy arguments
for doing away with birthright citizen-
ship, but most legal scholars say it
would take a constitutional amendment
to do so. In his 1995 testimony, Mr. Del-
linger said that a federal statute would
not do, meaning that the executive order SUPPORTED AND FUNDED BY MARKETING PARTNERS
discussed by Mr. Trump would certainly
not suffice.
“Because the rule of citizenship ac-
quired by birth within the United States
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES is the law of the Constitution, it cannot
A child watched as President Trump spoke last week at a campaign rally in Murphys- be changed through legislation, but only
boro, Ill. The citizenship clause of the 14th Amendment was ratified after the Civil War. by amending the Constitution,” he said.
..
8 | THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2018 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Business
How China
Growth rate slips in the eurozone could use a
FRANKFURT
number in
With financial markets
already nervous, risks
a trade fight
in region are accumulating BEIJING
BY JACK EWING
A booming economy? Women aren’t seeing it (It’s a lot more complicated in the real
world. The plastic and metal for the plas-
tic flamingo may have been imported by
China and be priced in dollars. But bear
BY BEN CASSELMAN
shown a small gender gap, but the di- area where I would say the president is with us.)
AND JIM TANKERSLEY vide grew after Mr. Trump’s 2016 victory doing a good job.” Ms. Pierce is a mem- A weaker currency can also help Chi-
and in December reached its widest ber of the progressive Working Families nese exporters beat President Trump’s
A remarkable gender gap has opened up point on record. The gap has since nar- Party and said she strongly opposed Mr. tariffs. Right now, the United States im-
in Americans’ views of their own fi- rowed slightly but remains larger than Trump’s agenda. poses tariffs of about 10 percent on a
nances and the broader national econ- before the election. Indeed, partisanship explains part of wide variety of Chinese goods that ar-
omy. Kylie Pierce and Paul Weeldreyer are the gender gap. Americans’ assessment rive at an American port. If the renminbi
Men feel better about the economy both 38, both college graduates and both of the economy has become increas- has fallen 10 percent, the tariff is basical-
than they have in over a decade. Women steadily employed — Ms. Pierce as a ingly closely tied to their political views ly nullified.
are far more skeptical. And the sharp di- grant writer for a local nonprofit, Mr. in recent years. People who identify as
vide has emerged since President Weeldreyer as a contract worker for Republicans and as supporters of Mr. WHAT’S DRIVING THE DECLINE?
Trump was elected two years ago. Comcast. Both are financially stable but Trump are far more likely to say the Some politicians in the United States
Nearly half of men — 47 percent — have struggled to build up savings or economy is performing well — and there and elsewhere have long said that China
said their family’s finances had im- buy a home. are significantly more men than women manipulates its currency, even though
proved in the past year, according to a But while their circumstances are in both groups. Washington officials — including those
survey conducted for The New York similar, their views of the economy dif- Still, partisanship isn’t the whole in the Trump administration — have
Times in early October by the online re- fer sharply. Mr. Weeldreyer, a Wisconsin story. Among men who said they stopped short of official accusations.
search platform SurveyMonkey. Just 30 native who lives in Denver, said the local “strongly approve” of Mr. Trump’s over- But in this case, many of the forces
percent of women said the same, despite job market was strong. To the extent all performance, 76 percent said their fi- weakening the currency are beyond
an unemployment rate that is near a that his finances aren’t where he would nances were better now than a year ago, Beijing’s immediate control.
five-decade low and economic growth like them to be, he blames his own according to the SurveyMonkey survey. China’s financial system is firmly con-
that is on track for its best year since be- ANDREW SENG FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES choices earlier in adulthood, not the That sentiment was expressed by just trolled by the government, giving the
fore the recession. Kylie Pierce, a grant writer for a nonprofit organization. “Everything in my life seems economy more generally. He is confi- 65 percent of women who gave Mr. country’s leaders a great degree of con-
Asked how they expected the Ameri- to be getting more expensive, and my wages are the same,” she said of the economy. dent in the future. Trump strong overall marks. Other eco- trol over how much the renminbi is
can economy to fare over the next five “It’s frustrating not being able to buy nomic questions reveal a similar gap. worth. Officials set a daily benchmark
years, nearly two-thirds of men said a house and stuff, but I guess I don’t lose “Republican men are just more confi- rate for the renminbi and allow its value
they anticipated “continuous good Share of adults saying the economy is “good” or “excellent.” sleep over it,” he said. “I guess it’ll work dent and more optimistic than even Re- to move a smidgen above or below that
times economically.” Women were more 80% out.” publican women are,” said Laura Wron- level in currency markets. Chinese offi-
likely to expect “periods of widespread Obama All respondents Trump Men Ms. Pierce sees things differently. She ski, a research scientist for SurveyMon- cials say each day’s trading activity
unemployment or depression.” The 60 elected elected says there are plenty of jobs where she key. helps determine the value they set for
gaps remain even between men and lives in central New York State, but pay Mr. Trump has repeatedly promoted the renminbi the next day, but they dis-
women who are similar in age, race, ed- 40 has lagged. She dreams of the day she his economic record, and Republican close few details about how that works.
ucation and income. Women can pay her bills the day they arrive, strategists are hoping the strong econ- On Tuesday, Beijing set that guide-
20
It isn’t clear how men’s and women’s rather than stalling until payday. omy will help hold off a potential “blue post at 6.9574, just a hair’s breadth
diverging views of the economy will af- 0
“It’s gotten a lot harder to do the wave” of Democratic victories next stronger than 7. In the world of foreign
fect next week’s elections. There has things that our parents may have done, week. exchange, a higher number means a
80%
historically been at most a loose connec- buy the house and do all the American Still, the economy seems to be doing weaker currency.
tion between the state of the economy Democrats dream stuff,” she said. “Everything in little to win over groups of women who Right now, traders are sending Bei-
60
and midterm election results, and Mr. my life seems to be getting more expen- could be crucial to Republicans’ jing a single message: The renminbi
Trump’s signature economic policies 40 sive, and my wages are the same.” chances. Ms. Wronski noted that col- should be worth less. The people and
poll poorly with swing voters. What is Ms. Pierce’s and Mr. Weeldreyer’s dif- lege-educated suburban white women companies that hold the currency have
clear is that the gender divide — tran- 20 ferent perspectives may reflect, at least actually felt slightly worse about their fi- become increasingly nervous about Chi-
scending party lines and voting prefer- in part, different realities. Denver is in nances than women over all — and far na’s slowing economic growth, slump-
ences — is a striking departure from the 0 the midst of an economic boom. Rome, worse than similarly situated men. Per- ing stock market, fragile real estate
past. 80% where Ms. Pierce lives, has seen a sig- haps not coincidentally, they also over- market and seemingly intractable trade
Polls by the Pew Research Center go- Republicans nificant rebound in recent years but is whelmingly said they planned to vote war with the United States. Inflation has
ing back to the mid-2000s showed al- 60 still struggling compared with the coun- for Democrats in the midterms. begun to tick upward, and rising prices
most no gender gap on economic ques- try over all. Diana Shue-Willis is exactly the kind tend to make holding the relevant cur-
tions until Mr. Trump took office; since 40 Their political views may also play a of voter Republicans need to win over to rency less attractive.
then, men have become significantly role. A registered Republican, Mr. Weel- keep control of the House. A college-ed- There are other reasons. Since late
20
more confident, while women’s confi- dreyer said he voted for Mr. Trump re- ucated Navy veteran in Virginia Beach, July, Beijing has tried to prop up the
dence has stalled. 0
luctantly in 2016 and hadn’t decided how Va., Ms. Shue-Willis is a registered Re- economy by having the state-controlled
The University of Michigan’s con- ’04 ’06 ’08 ’10 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 to vote in next week’s midterms. But he publican. Her husband works in manu- banking sector increase lending, mak-
sumer sentiment survey has long Source: SurveyMonkey THE NEW YORK TIMES said the economy was “probably the one GENDER, PAGE 9 RENMINBI, PAGE 9
..
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2018 | 9
business
Opinion
The girl who seized the internet
Tara Fares Molly Crabapple
fashioned
herself
into the On Oct. 9, the Iraqi author Sinan An-
Instagram toon tweeted, “Killing those who are
other/different has become a ritual/
queen of hobby, practiced by individuals for fun,
Iraq. Then after having been institutionalized by
she was shot the state, political parties and militias
for years.” His tweet referred to re-
to death. ports that an Iraqi teenager had been
butchered on a Baghdad street by an
assailant who thought he looked gay.
But Mr. Antoon could have been refer-
ring to any of the young Iraqis who
have tried to break free of the rigid
social codes governing both genders
only to suffer vicious reprisals.
The most famous of these victims
has been Tara Fares. When she was
killed in September, Ms. Fares, who
had 2.8 million followers on Instagram,
was the sixth most popular person on
Iraqi social media. At 22, she was a
self-created celebrity who mixed sexy
fashion shoots with video diaries in
which she fired back at her conserva-
tive critics. Ms. Fares was shot dead in
Baghdad’s Camp Sarah neighborhood
while riding in her Porsche.
When I read about Ms. Fares’s mur-
der, recognition hit me like a punch.
Though I am 13 years her senior, when
I was her age, I also worked as a
scantily clad internet model. I also
reinvented myself on social media,
posting endless photos of myself,
trying to build a following that would
somehow translate into something
more. Back then, qualified only for
menial jobs, I also saw my looks as a
fast-closing door to freedom and used
them as best I could. But I am in the
United States, and she was in Iraq. The
stakes for Ms. Fares were far higher.
Her courage was of a different magni-
tude from mine.
Ms. Fares was born in Baghdad into
a Christian family that converted to
Islam when she was 6. Her parents
married her off at 16 to a man she ANMAR KHALIL/ASSOCIATED PRESS
opinion
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..
14 | THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2018 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION
opinion
Whatever happens
Trump’s greatest hits Nationalism
next, we’ll help you DOUTHAT, FROM PAGE 1
won out over Trump’s more populist
his agenda in 2017 he might have been
a much more politically formidable in Australia
promises. president. But bringing them up now
Save 66% for three months. right-wing grifters take their place.
Still, it’s not at all surprising that
with the election almost here Trump
then at the same time the wink to the
conspiratorial extremes, the japes
about body-slams and punching pro-
odic review of funding and Ramsay
participation in hiring decisions, ad-
ministrators at the University of Syd-
would return to what seemed to work testers in the face, have met the thing ney have been unable to resist the lure
for him two years ago, and try to revive most likely to make them a political of the center’s millions and — to the
the mix of identitarian demagogy and liability: actual far-right violence. considerable disquiet of staff, including
In unpredictable times, you need journalism that cuts through policy heterodoxy that helped him The idiosyncratic me — are plunging into negotiations.
the noise to deliver the facts. A subscription to The New York achieve a partial Electoral College The return nature of lone-wolf More preliminary moves are afoot at
realignment while his party held both attacks makes it a the University of Queensland.
Times International Edition gives you uncompromising reporting the House and Senate.
to economic mistake to draw a In the face of administrative intran-
The question is whether it will work populism is line of direct respon- sigence and the erosion of faculty
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and includes unlimited access to NYTimes.com and apps for can hands for two more years. If it less effective rhetoric to the would- University of Sydney have mobilized
doesn’t, there will be two main explana- in 2018 than be pipe bomber and strongly against the Ramsay proposal,
smartphone and tablet. tions. the same the synagogue shoot- and enlisted the support of colleagues
First, the voters who were won over message ing. And the oft- from around the country and overseas.
by Trump’s economic populism when was in 2016. repeated claim that Several departments have issued open
he was running against Hillary Clinton the Trump era has letters opposing the partnership, and
— especially the kind of Midwestern produced a general some faculty have threatened to boy-
Democratic voters who flipped the surge in anti-Semitic cott it. An arm wrestle is taking place
Electoral College — now have almost violence seems dubious or wrong. on our campus, and its outcome will
Order the International Edition today at two years of policymaking to assess,
rather than just a campaign’s worth or
But the events of last week are still a
strong reminder that the politics of
have significant consequences for
Australian higher education.
nytimes.com/discover promises. And on the evidence of a lot
of Midwestern polls they believe the
vilification and the paranoid style work
darkly in darkened minds, and that
For universities to fulfill the critical
role they were designed for, it’s essen-
G.O.P. under Trump is still more pluto- having a president embrace both is tial that they not simply serve as con-
cratic than populist. simple wickedness, not just the WWE- duits for the viewpoints espoused by
This is a reasonable assessment. style game that Trump may believe the loudest or wealthiest voices in the
True, on trade and low-skilled immigra- himself to be playing with his rhetoric. wider society. The values of pluralism
tion Trump can at least claim (however And voters who decided to forgive and diversity that all Australian uni-
debatably) to be looking out for blue- Trump’s demagogy in 2016, or treat it versities profess to represent shouldn’t
collar workers more than past Republi- as performance art, have just been be reduced to mere advertising slo-
cans. But on taxes he delivered an given a visceral reason to punish him gans — they’re prerequisites for the
unpopular tax cut for the rich, on health for it instead. participatory intellectual climate in
care he delivered a failed and hated Given our vertiginous style of politics which scholarly work thrives. It’s time
Obamacare replacement, and on infra- there is still time for some unexpected for our universities to live up to these
structure, the big campaign promise, development, some last-minute promises and to reject Ramsay.
he delivered next to nothing. midterm twist. But with a week to go
Offer expires December 31, 2018 and is valid for new subscribers only. Hand delivery subject to confirmation If an infrastructure bill or the things the safest bet is that in returning to the DAVID BROPHY is a senior lecturer in the
by local distributors. Smartphone and tablet apps are not supported on all devices. he’s suddenly pitching — lower pre- same strategy he followed in 2016, department of history at the University
scription drug prices and a tax cut for Trump will earn — and deserve — a of Sydney, and a member of the Staff
the middle class — had been central to more disappointing political result. Against the Ramsay Center group.
..
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL EDITION THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2018 | 15
style
Mr. Raftery is not, it is fair to say, out competition, thus enabling Mr. Klein to inely funny, if occasionally wincing, and smarter or more secure than being able dal! Hedi Slimane. The mind boggles. Javier Bardem in a white tux jacket.
Sports
Left, Northwestern kicker Charlie Kuhbander, right, and holder Jake Collins celebrated a field goal against Wisconsin that helped put the Wildcats atop the Big Ten West. Right, tight end Justin Rigg of Kentucky, which is tied for the Southeastern Conference East lead.
Kentucky? Northwestern? Who are these guys? SEC outright. Kentucky has not won the A.P. preseason poll; Virginia and Casual followers of college football faces No. 6 Georgia (7-1), its division in recent years by Oregon, Washington
On College Football even a share of the conference title in Washington State received zero votes will not be shocked to learn that the rival, in Lexington. and Stanford, Washington State has
the last four decades. The last time before the season. dominant A.C.C. Atlantic houses Clem- Virginia — which one might politely emerged as the last one-loss team in
they finished a season ranked in The The upstart division leaders are son and Florida State; the Pac-12 term a basketball school — has never the entire conference. The Cougars are
Associated Press poll was 1984 — where they are because college foot- North contains Oregon and Stanford; won its division; it last won a share of going for Coach Mike Leach’s first
BY MARC TRACY seven coaches ago. ball’s rich teams, concentrated mostly the Big Ten East features Ohio State the A.C.C. title in 1995, when it went 2-3 conference title. The season-ending
Kentucky is one of several college in just three divisions, have gotten and Penn State and a once-and-per- out-of-conference. Yet here it is, in first Apple Cup versus Washington (6-3) is
Pop quiz: Which team, once coached teams that, two-thirds of the way richer in recent years. That has en- haps-future great power named Michi- place in the Coastal. The team’s re- likely its toughest remaining out.
by Bear Bryant, currently leads its through the regular season, finds itself abled anarchy in the weaker division in gan; and the SEC West has L.S.U., maining games against Pitt and at The punch line is that most of these
Southeastern Conference division? a surprise contender for its conference each conference. Alabama and Auburn. Virginia Tech will likely determine teams will almost certainly face ex-
If you sniffed out the trick nature of title and even the College Football In all of the four so-called power There are several potential explana- whether it has a chance to play for tremely talented teams the weekend
the question, congratulations. There Playoff because it leads its division. conferences that have divisions, one tions for this tendency. The divisions another league title this season. after the regular season’s final game.
are two teams that match this defini- In the four so-called power confer- division has dominated. The winner of tend to preserve traditional rivalries, Utah has only been in the Pac-12 Virginia could make its way to the
tion. One, of course, is Alabama, the ences besides the Big 12 — which, with the Atlantic Coast Conference’s Atlan- which means keeping certain excellent since 2011. It has never appeared in the A.C.C. title game in Charlotte, N.C., and
perennial juggernaut that Bryant both just 10 teams, has no divisions — the tic Division has won the conference teams — Ohio State and Michigan, conference title game. But this season face No. 2 Clemson (8-0), which looks
played for and coached. The Crimson two division winners play in the con- title every year since 2011. The Pa- Alabama and Auburn — in the same Utah has won games against Stanford scary good. The SEC West will effec-
Tide, college football’s defending cham- ference championship game rather cific-12’s South division champion won one. and Southern California, neither of tively be decided Saturday night be-
pion, are ranked first and are 8-0 as than the league’s two highest-ranked the conference’s title game for the first An arms-race mentality can kick in, which has been its usual competitive tween L.S.U. and Alabama. Northwest-
they head into a crucial Saturday night teams. time last year in its seventh try. In four with top programs knowing they have self this year. ern will likely be looking at No. 5 Mich-
game against No. 4 Louisiana State Along with Kentucky, currently years of the Big Ten’s current align- to be exceptional even to reach their Northwestern last shared a Big Ten igan (7-1) or No. 8 Ohio State (7-1) in
(7-1) in Baton Rouge, La. ranked 11th, unranked Northwestern ment, three different teams from its conference’s championship game. title in 2000. Yet after defeating Wis- Indianapolis.
The other, Kentucky, where Bryant (5-3), No. 23 Virginia (6-2), No. 16 Utah East have won all the league titles. But in those leagues’ lesser divi- consin, 31-17, on Saturday, it is atop the The heroes of October may prove
coached in the 1940s and ’50s, is tied (6-2) and No. 10 Washington State (7-1) Other than last year, the SEC West has sions, there is a party this year. Ken- West Division. Its game Nov. 10 at No. sacrificial lambs come December. Or
for first place in the SEC East. In 1950, find themselves in their divisions’ won that conference every year going tucky’s carriage could turn back into a 19 Iowa (6-2) looms large. maybe one of them will have one more
under Bryant, the Wildcats won the driver’s seats. Not one was ranked in back to 2008. pumpkin as soon as Saturday, when it And in the Pac-12 North, dominated upset left.
WIZARD of ID DILBERT
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evolution to what’s next for China, India Ralph Lauren Corporation Baccarat The New York Times
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Culture
Above, Michael Yeargan’s stark design for the English National Opera’s “Porgy and Bess,” which suggests the South Carolina tenements where the work is set. Below, Nicole Cabell and Eric Greene as the title characters.
culture
travel
BY DEBRA KAMIN
RATES
From $195.
BASICS
The bones of the Vera Hotel, the first
solo project from the Israeli hotelier
Danny Tamari, are older than Tel Aviv
itself. This boutique design property,
which opened in March after an exhaus-
tive two-year collaborative process with
local artists, designers and textile mak-
ers, reincarnates a century-old ma-
ternity hospital (predating the formal
establishment of the city) that over time
became a bank, and then an office build-
ing housing tax crunchers and insur-
ance adjusters. Mr. Tamari, who bought
the building after it had been abandoned
for nearly three decades, was obsessive PHOTOGRAPHS BY ASSAF PINCHUK
LOCATION
Located on trendy Lilienblum Street,
the hotel puts you directly in the city’s
urban nexus. Rothschild Boulevard, ar-
guably Tel Aviv’s grandest thoroughfare
and the heart of its business and start-
up sectors, is just up the block, and a
short walk will take you to both the
bustling Carmel Market and the bou-
tique- and gallery-lined cobblestone
streets of the Neve Tzedek neighbor-
hood.
THE ROOM
There are six categories of accommoda-
tion. My fourth-floor deluxe room was PHOTOGRAPHS BY ASSAF PINCHUK
one of the biggest and was decorated in Top, the Vera Hotel’s sleek pine-slated rooftop, where yoga, Pilates and Krav Maga
a calm palette of dove gray, eggshell and classes are offered. Above, a deluxe room, with an aloe vera plant adding a pop of color.
mocha brown. The king-size bed was
covered in butter-soft Egyptian cotton
sheets, and the oak wood interior was organic oils and lotions from Arugot, ei- night bar snacks and a signature cock-
brightened by a cool gray tile floor and ther in their rooms or on the hotel’s sleek tail menu before the end of the year.
rich gray pillows. pine-slated rooftop, where yoga, Pilates There is no restaurant in the hotel, but
and Krav Maga classes are also offered. there is a wide range of restaurants in
THE BATHROOM In the Vera’s charming lobby, there’s the surrounding area. North Abraxas
The spacious room contained a large 24/7 coffee, cookies and tea, as well as a (Lilienblum 40), from Israeli celebrity
walk-in shower with a saucer-size brass complimentary wine dispenser that pro- chef Eyal Shani, offers a festive, vegeta-
shower head, a sleek black iron ladder vides unlimited samples of a variety of ble-focused take on formal dining; Ha-
shelf to hold towels and toiletries, and a Israeli vintages. noi (Lilienblum 18) serves spicy, authen-
bare mirror above the basin sink. The tic Asian noodles and soups al fresco.
shower contains large refillable pumps DINING
of organic shampoo, conditioner and In the morning, a complimentary break- THE BOTTOM LINE
body wash made by a local skin care fast spread is served from the curved Warm, chic and permeated with a love of
company, Arugot. countertop of the Vera’s lobby bar: eggs, its own history, the Vera hits all the right
pastries and local cheeses, vegetables notes for visitors to Tel Aviv.
AMENITIES and dips sourced from nearby farmers,
Guests can schedule to have massages yogurt, fresh-squeezed juice, bread and Vera Hotel, 27 Lilienblum Street, Tel
and body treatments, all incorporating olives. The hotel plans to roll out late- Aviv; theverahotel.com