Script visuals

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsVOL0DEHdo&t=7s
0.20-0.29

Art directors have a big role in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ua7R14F2kEA

the film production. 0.20 -0.32

They are in charge of the

overall look of the set. When
shooting is in process they
cannot always go to their
desired location, so art
directors have to convince the 2.10-2.14mins
viewers that what they see on
screen is real.
Mise-en-scene is important https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ua7R14F2kEA
with art directors. First applied 0.30-0.49mins
to films in the 1950s by French
critics. They first got the idea
from the French theatre. 0.15-0.17
Meaning “putting in the
scene” It is thought that the
films mis-en-scene consisted
of everything that the camera 0.21-0.29
saw, the setting, the lighting,
and actors and how they
performed, costumes, make
up and props used.

To become an art director, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRr7p_DxyxU

the usual requirements are 0.15-0.17
having a degree in film, 0.20-0.30mins
television or theatre
production or a diploma or
degree in any type of art, craft
or textiles. It is also useful to
have secondary education in 0.39-0.46mins
subjects of design, media,
history, dance or drama.
An art director needs 0.30-0.37
imagination and to be creative
to be able to create film sets.
Dr. Mehemed Fehmy Pictures of Dr. Mehemed Fehmy Agha’s work
Agha was the first art editor
who was titled as an art
director. In 1929 Agha came to
the USA to take the role of
being the art director for
Vogue. Agha was notice for his
great typographic and
photographic skills which
made him perfect to lead
vanity fair and vogues design
teams at the time where
magazines where lacking
decent visual concept. Agha
introduced the concept of the
publishing world in the US, the
concept was to integrate
design into the editorial
content, there for creating the
role of a key figure responsible
for this, art director.
Agha raised the bar of being Non Agha work
an art director as it was no
longer known as decorative
but as an integral part of
modern magazine.

Music and sound is also a huge 01.46-01.56

part of art directions. Adding
music to a scene can create a
new story for it, so using the
wrong music can change it.

The real home of film music is Pictures of Vienna

Vienna. In the 19thcentury
Vienna became the leading
centre of European opera and
narrative music
in the 1930's Max Steiners Picture of inside a theatre
lead was followed by other
composers who found a new Picture of Max Steiner
life in Hollywood bringing a
rich orchestral style formed in
20 century Europe, to carry on Picture of Loew’s jersey theatre
their work that became to
define the Hollywood sound.
1920s, cinema was starting Picture of inside a cinema
the be the most popular form
of entertainment. Most Pictures of orchestra a theatre
picture houses would have
their own small orchestra to
accompany their films in the
silence era. Later came the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2nAJ2-ln5E
theatre pipe organ which
would only work on air acting
like a one-man orchestra

Don Juan was the first full https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xwwuy2rsgFc

length feature film with pre- 0.10-0.34
recorded, released in 1926 it
had no dialog just pre-
recorded music. You can see
that for when they would have
someone talking they have a
black screen with white
speech marks on screen. The
music came as a disk and was
synced with the projector, the
same system called the
vitaphone was used for a film
called the jazz singer the Picture of the cover of “The Jazz Singer”
following year, however it had https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22NQuPrwbHA
spoken dialog as well as music. 0.04-0.18mins
However, studios thought that
the audience wouldn’t accept
music on the soundtrack
unless they could actually see
the singers and musicians on
stage, this meant it narrowed
dramas to only opening and
closing music.

King Kong arrived in 1933 with https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnaCi4rBfqw

music and spoken dialog on 0.11-0.39mins
top of each other having the
music playing the whole way
through this was a huge risk
for RKO as it had not been
done before however RKO
thought that this would be the
only way to get a modern
audience to emphasize what
was happening on screen. For
this they went to their in
house composer Max Stiener,
who wrote the first true
modern film score.

In 1902 George Melies “A trip Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk

to the moon” was released.
Most of the set had been
painted and used as a back
drop as back then they didn’t
have green screens to give the
illusion that they are in space.
They had very minimal props
When they released it in
colour they had to paint each
frame by hand. Melies creates
an illusion in his films of
people disappearing, by
making the motion picture
frame by frame.

Cedric Gibbon was the head https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IErqIMLwtQ

art director for “The wizard of 01.14-01.49mins
oz” which was released in
1939. You can see how art
directors have improved with
their set designs as the setting
it mainly all props and not
painted back drops, they
made costumes for the
characters as the director has
to fit the same description as
the book. In this scene is also
shows the wicked witch
disappearing but instead of
stopping the camera and
moving out of the shot like in
a trip to the moon they have
used a smoke machine and a
trap door underneath for her
to escape.

In both of these different films https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P_tyRcAGeg

you can see a significant 0.40-01.29mins
difference with how they set
the scene, their props and
their costumes.

Cerdric Gibbons was also the

director of An in American in
Paris which was released in
1951.Gene Kelly, who was the
director, wanted to shoot the
location in Paris, however the
film was actually shot in MGM
studios in California, on 44 set
build for the film. It was
difficult for the studio to
secure travel arrangements
for location shooting. This
then meant Cedric Gibbons
and E. Preston Ames had to
create and make Paris in
different sets, this would
mean researching different
places in Paris and creating
the streets to look exactly like
they were actually in Paris to
convince the viewers. This
would make it harder for the
are directors to create the set
as in 1951 they didn’t have
green screen or CGI to create
the screen.

In 1973 the first film that used https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jCDQvNh85Y

CGI was released. Westworld. 0.1.20-02.04mins
It used digital effects for 2
minutes which consist of little
pixel squares. This would
make a big impact on how art
directors work as it means
they can create out of the
ordinary objects on screen
meaning they can think out of
the box when creating a set.
You can see that the CGI is 2D
CGI which is very low quality.
The same method of the little
pixelated squares is used for
blurring out people’s faces of
TV programs or on the news in
this century. Due to it being
low quality they wanted to
make it look better to watch.
Which led to improving how
they made CGI leading to then
creating 3D CGI.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=891zKx2Ffvg
So as film and special effects 04.22-04.44mins
improved green screen Art
directors in some cases have
less to do. You can now create
a whole new world on a
screen.
Alice in wonderland won an
Oscar for art direction.
Released in 2010.
You can see that most of the
film was done in the studios
surrounded by a green screen, 05.29-05.40mins
even character were dressed
in green. This meant the
directors could create a
magical background and
characters being able to
create whatever they want,
costing more money for
production however it means
they can create exactly what
they want.
Green screen works with the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rk0279i7vM
use of backdrops of brightly 0.09-0.21mins
coloured fabric or paint, and a
process called "chroma key,"
also called "green screen" due
to the backdrops' colour,
which is usually a vivid green.
Chroma keying lets the media 01.18-01.35mins
technicians to easily separate
green screens and panels from
the people standing in front of
them and replace the
background with anything
they want to create.
The colour is usually bright
green or bright blue, because
they differ greatly from
human skin tones and aren't
usually found in every day
clothing.

Where most directors will Pictures of Christopher Nolan

mainly use green screen and
CGI director Christopher Nolan
doesn’t like to use CGI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjsUt6YW9go
thinks it’s boring. Christopher
was the director for
Interstellar. When filming
Interstellar which was
released in 2014 Nolan went
to the same glacier where 0.42-0.43
they filmed batman begins.
However, since then there had Pictures of Noland and the set when filming
been a volcanic eruption
leaving the glacier covered in
grey ash making it look gritting
which gave it a look like a
hostile environment which
worked well for an ice planet
look. In one of the scenes 0.17-0.20
when filming a spaceship
landed in the water this was
filmed in Iceland at Picture of behind the scene of spaceship in the water
the Jokulsarlon lagoon
in Iceland the reason for this is
that it’s very shallow Picture of the glacier
with black sand giving
the illusion that it very deep.
When filming interstellar they https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5tmxWQZHL0
had to film a dust storm so 0.33-0.40mins
instead of using CGI they used
big fans to fill the air with c90 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjsUt6YW9go
a non-toxic biodegradable 01.00-01:03
material made from
cardboard.
Noland wanted a house that 0.35-0.36
was in the heart of America 04.03-04.09
however when filming this it
was actually filmed out of
Calgary in a Canadian Picture of the main character house
Provence of Alberta, he didn’t
want to make a farm house
digitally so they found a piece https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmz9lMP6aQU
of land that fitted the 02.00-02.20
requirement they made a road
that led to the house and
planted 500 aches of corn 6
months before filming. By
doing this it means the art
director could have the exact
image that he wanted in real
life instead of creating one
using CGI which is what they
thought they would have to
do.

If art directors and inventors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWqT8i4GaMo

weren’t enthusiastic about 0.21mins-0.27mins
creating a more lifelike set
rather than using painted
backdrops and props then CGI 0.35-0.41mins
would not have been
invented, and then the
improvement of CGI and green
screen would not exist for us 0.52-0.57mins
today. Due to throughout time
it has led people to constantly
improve and create new 01.09-01.14mins
things that art directors now
include when creating a film
set. Due to these
improvements it has led to
having realistic objects on 01:20-01.24mins
screen and having abnormal
settings and characters. CGI
started as little pixilated 01.35-01.38mins
squares to clear moving
animations like toy story and 02.34-02.38mins
Disney films.
CGI lets you create any
scenario that you want, and 03.12-03.15mins
throughout the years its
becoming more realistic all the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX1p0lnhQ88
time, improving the quality. 0.23-0.27mins

In 1892 Edison’s company Pictures of William Dickson

official photographer and
William Dickson invented the
first motion picture camera. it
was first shown publicly in
1893 and the year after the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
first Edison films were =Bmuo45NR6qE&t=7s
exhibited commercially. 0.30-0.35mins
When it was first invented 0.41-01.02mins
over 100 years ago the film
was very low this meant it
need a lot of light to be able to
record an image. The only
thing that was bright enough
to expose the film was the
natural sun light.
Electric light were then used
however film was still very
slow so they had to be big, use
a lot of electricity and
expertise to operate.
After time film and video
cameras got quicker which
meant lighting technology got Picture of evolution on video cameras
better, putting out more light
with less power. Now we
also have fluorescent and LED Pictures of behind the scenes of sets in black and white
lights, which use a lot less
energy and are easier to use.
As you can see in these
pictures you can see that the
Lighting used to need a crew
of people to handle the
lighting whereas now it can be
done single handedly. We also
have HD video and you can
see straight away the footage
you have just
shot.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnaCi4rBfqw
0.51-0.53
As you can see the progression https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=891zKx2Ffvg
of being an art director has 6.23-6.24
improved massively. From the https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jCDQvNh85Y
18th century to the present 1.24-1.27
day. Due to the advance in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61
technology who knows what 2Lb5I0lEc&t=3s
the future for art directors 0.00-0.20
hold. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P_tyRcAGeg
1.40-1.42
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8SMIiQZUcs
2.26-2.28
1.05-1.21mins https://youtu.be/7h9VTKZu0yw