1 Coordinate

Cumulative plan 
Node X Y Z True Length Plan Length length Remarks
1 482796.3435 3143395.3501 1829.95                                        ‐ Junction
2 482819.6891 3143371.4878 1797.15                                  46.80                           33.38                                    33.38 VB02
3 482851.6708 3143338.7981 1787.96                                  46.65                           45.73                                    79.12 HB03

Plan
2 Unit Vector 3143400

Line i j k 3143390
1‐2                      0.4988                       (0.5099)                     (0.7009)
3‐2                     (0.6856)                        0.7008                      0.1970 3143380

3143370
3 Axial Forces

Y
A Physical Properties 3143360
3
Density of pipe rp 7850 kg/m 3143350
3
Density of water  rw 1000 kg/m
3 3143340
Density of concrete rc 2400 kg/m
2 3143330
Acceleration due to gravity g 9.81 m/s
482790 482800 482810 482820 482830 482840 482850 482860
Coefficient of friction steel on saddle plate µ 0.22
X
Coefficient of friction at expansion joint packing µ1 0.25
1835
Profile
Coefficient of friction between rock and concrete 
(sliding coefficient) µ2 0.60 1830
Depth of packing e 0.100 m
1825

B Pipe Alignment Property 1820

Upstream 1815

Elevation
3
Discharge at upstream Q1 2.98 m /s 1810
Upstream penstock angle with respect to the 
horizontal. 1805
b1 44.50 degree
Internal diameter of pipe at upstream section d1 1.00 m 1800

Thickness of pipe at upstream section t1 8 mm 1795
0.008 m 1790
Length of pipe from joint to expansion joint at 
upstream section node 1 to node 2 l1 1785
46.80 m
 ‐  20.00  40.00  60.00  80.00  100.00
Total pressure head at upstream expansion joint 
Distance
node 1 H1 54.00 m
Total pressure head at joint node 2 H 87.51 m

Design Sheet Created by Anil Kutuwo
 Downstream
Horizontal deflection from upstream pipe a2 0.00 degree
3
Discharge at downstream Q2 2.98 m /s
Downstream penstock angle with respect to the 
horizontal. b2 11.37 degree
Internal diameter of pipe d2 1.00 m
Thickness of pipe t2 8 mm
0.008 m
length of pipe from joint to expansion joint at 
downstream l2 5.00 m

Total pressure head at downstream expansion joint H2 89.00 m

C Initial Calculation
Upstream
3
Volume of pipe at upstream section Vd1 p(d+t)*t*l                          1.186 m
Dead weight of pipe at upstream section Gp‐1 rV                          9,307 kg
3
Volume of water at upstream section Vw1 pd2/4*l                        36.757 m
Dead weight of water at upstream section Gw‐1 rV                        36,757 kg
Differential head at upstream DH1                          33.51 m
Velocity at upstream v1 Q/A                            3.79 m/s

Downstream
3
Volume of pipe at downstream Vd2 p(d+t)*t*l                          0.127 m
Dead weight of pipe at downstream section Gp‐2 rV                             994 kg
3
Volume of water at downstream  Vw2 pd2/4*l                          3.927 m
Dead weight of water at downstream Gw‐2 rV                          3,927 kg
Differential head at downstream DH2                            1.49 m
Velocity at down stream v2                            3.79 m/s

Design Sheet Created by Anil Kutuwo
D Force calculation
D1 Axial Force along the pipe
D1.1 Upstream segment 1‐2 Force towards the anchor block positive
1.0  Dead weight of pipe P0‐1 Gp‐1*Sinb                          6,523 kg
Frictional force over the support due to change in 
1.1 temperature P1‐1 µ(Gp‐1+Gw‐1)*Cosb                          7,228 kg Positive during expansion
a Force due to pipe µ(Gp‐1)*Cosb                          1,460 kg
b Force due to water µ(Gw‐1)*Cosb                          5,768 kg
Frictional force at the expansion joint packing due to 
1.2 change in temperature P2‐1 µ1pderH1                          4,241 kg Positive during expansion
1.3 Direct water pressure at expansion joint P3‐1 pdtrH1                          1,357 kg
1.4 Axial component of hydrostatic pressure P4‐1 pd2/4*rH                        68,730 kg

1.5 Drag of flowing water caused by conduit friction P5‐1 pd2/4*rDH                        26,319 kg

Impulse force exerted by following water on the pipe 
1.6 wall P6‐1 pd2/4*r/g*v2                          1,153 kg

D1.2 Downstream of Anchor Block Force towards the anchor block positive

2.0  Dead weight of pipe P0‐2 ‐Gp‐2*Sinb                            (196) kg
Frictional force over the support due to change in 
2.1 temperature P1‐2 µ(Gp‐2+Gw‐2)*cosb                          1,061 kg Positive during expansion
a Force due to pipe µ(Gp‐2)*Cosb                             214 kg
b Force due to water µ(Gw‐2)*Cosb                             847 kg
Frictional force at the expansion joint packing due to 
2.2 change in temperature P2‐2 µ1pderH2                          6,990 kg Positive during expansion
2.3 Direct water pressure at expansion joint P3‐2 pdtrH2                          2,237 kg
2.4 Axial component of hydrostatic pressure P4‐2 pd2/4*rH                        68,730 kg

2.5 Drag of flowing water caused by conduit friction P5‐2 -pd2/4*rDH                        (1,170) kg

Impulse force exerted by following water on the pipe 
2.6 wall P6‐2 pd2/4*r/g*v2                          1,153 kg

Design Sheet Created by Anil Kutuwo
 4 Axial Force
A Axial Forces Expansion Contraction
1‐2  3‐2  1‐2  3‐2 
Descriptions Force Directions (Upstream) (Downstream) (Upstream) (Downstream)
0 Dead load                         6,523                                    (196)                           6,523                                      (196)
1 Friction force over Support                         7,228                                  1,061                          (7,228)                                  (1,061)
2 Friction force at expansion joint packing                         4,241                                  6,990                          (4,241)                                  (6,990)
3 Direct water pressure                         1,357                                  2,237                           1,357                                    2,237
4 Axial component of hydrostatic pressure                      68,730                                68,730                         68,730                                 68,730
5 Drag of flowing water                      26,319                                 (1,170)                         26,319                                  (1,170)

6 Impulse force exerted by flowing water on pipe wall                          1,153                                   1,153                            1,153                                     1,153

Total                    115,551                                78,805                         92,613                                 62,702
Fractions                            0.59                                     0.41                               0.60                                       0.40

B Axial Force Resolve along 3 axes
Force along x                        57,641                               (54,030)                          46,198                                 (42,989)
Force along y                     (58,917)                                55,226                       (47,221)                                 43,941
Force along z                     (80,984)                                15,526                       (64,908)                                 12,353

C Axial Force along 3 axes Expansion Contraction

Axial Force along x                          3,611 kg                            3,209 kg  10,000
Axial Force along y                       (3,691) kg                          (3,280) kg
Axial Force along z                     (65,459) kg                       (52,555) kg  ‐
Axial Force along x Axial Force along y Axial Force along z
 (10,000)
D Axial Force                        65,662 kg                          52,755 kg
Axial Force unit vector  (20,000)
i                       0.0550                          0.0608
j                      (0.0562)                         (0.0622)  (30,000)

k                      (0.9969)                         (0.9962)
 (40,000)
Axial Force unit vector component at XY plane                      0.0786                         0.0870
 (50,000)
E Axial Force Details Not so useful for horizontal bends
Foundation depth form joint (+ mean upward)                           (2.00) m                             (2.00) m  (60,000)
Offset of force along the X‐axis at base plane                        0.110 m                           0.122 m
 (70,000)
Offset of force along the Y‐axis at base plane                       (0.113) m                          (0.125) m
Expansion Contraction
Distance of force from node 2 at base (XY plane)                          0.158 m                            0.175 m
Angle made by resultant with vertical                           4.51 degree                             4.99 degree
Angle made by resultant with horizontal                        85.49 degree                           85.01 degree

5 Bearing Capacity of Foundation
2
Bearing capacity of foundation s 150.00 kN/m
2
s 15291 kg/m Minimum Plan Area 4.28

Design Sheet Created by Anil Kutuwo
 6 Weight of block  20,000
Length Lb 3.00 m
Width Bb 2.40 m  ‐
Section Area A L*H                            6.33 m2 Resultant along x Resultant along y Resultant along z
Volume V A*Bb                          15.19 m3  (20,000)

length of pipe within block upstream lpu 0.73 m

length of pipe within block downstream  (40,000)
lpd 1.50 m
Volume of water Vw                          1.751 m3
Volume of pipe Vp                         0.056  (60,000)
Volume of solid block Vs                          13.38 m3
Weight of steel Gs                            (443) kg  (80,000)
Weight of water Gw                       (1,751) kg
Weight of concrete Gc                     (32,122) kg  (100,000)
Weight of block, water, and steel G Gw+Gs+Gc                     (34,317) kg

 (120,000)

Resultant of Axial forces and weight  Expansion Contraction

7 of block
A Resultants along 3 axes Expansion Contraction No load
Resultant along x                          3,611 kg                            3,209 kg
Resultant along y                       (3,691) kg                          (3,280) kg
Resultant along z                     (99,775) kg                       (86,871) kg                       (32,565) kg

B Resultant 99909 kg 86992 kg 32565 kg

Resultant unit vector
i                      0.0361                         0.0369
j                     (0.0369)                       (0.0377)
k                     (0.9987)                       (0.9986)

Resultant unit vector component at base (XY plane)                       0.0517                          0.0527

Point of intersection of Resultant, Weight, 
C and Axial force

Distance of c.g. of Weight from joint in XY plane                          0.356 m check geometry

Point of intersection along X‐axis from joint                      0.2487 m                         0.2487 m
Point of intersection along Y‐axis from joint                     (0.2542) m                       (0.2542) m
Point of intersection along Z‐axis from joint                     (4.5080) m                       (4.0728) m

Design Sheet Created by Anil Kutuwo
 Location of point of resultant on the base 
D plan Expansion Contraction
Depth from point of intersection (+ mean upward)                           (2.00) m                             (2.00) m For finding point of action

Location along X direction from point of intersection                          0.072 m                            0.074 m

Location along Y direction from point of intersection                        (0.074) m                           (0.076) m

Location from point of intersection                      0.1035 m                         0.1056 m
Angle made by Resultant with vertical                            2.96 degree                              3.02 degree
Angle made by Resultant with horizontal                        87.04 degree                           86.98 degree

8 Stability Check
A Eccentricity  Expansion Contraction
Horizontal Distance of block centroid from node 2                              ‐ m                                 ‐ m
Eccentricity from center                          0.016 m                            0.037 m If eccentricity is +ve maximum stress at toe, 
Eccentricity along X direction                        0.011 m                           0.026 m else at heel
Eccentricity along Y direction                       (0.011) m                          (0.026) m
Eccentricity along length                         0.016 m                           0.037 m                          0.156 m
Eccentricity along bresdth                             ‐ m                               ‐ m                              ‐ m

B Maximum and minimum stress
2 2 2
Along length smax                        14,309 kg/m                     12,948.65 kg/m                      5,930.49 kg/m
2 2 2
smin                        13,406 kg/m                     11,182.27 kg/m                      3,115.41 kg/m

C Sliding
Vertical component of resultant V                        99,775 kg                          86,871 kg
Horizontal component of resultant H                         5,163 kg                           4,589 kg
Factor of safety against sliding FS                         11.59                           11.36

Design Sheet Created by Anil Kutuwo