Concept and glance

1. Electromagnetic waves are disturbances produced by accelerated charges which

generate a changing electric field and a changing magnetic field.
2. Electromagnetic waves travel at 3X108m/s in a vacuum. They include radio waves,
microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, all of which have
different wavelengths and frequencies.
3. James Clerk Maxwell predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves, which were first
generated and detected by Heinrich Hertz.
4. The electromagnetic spectrum refers to a broad range of radiation that consists of
different types of electromagnetic waves. These waves have a variety of applications and
characteristics depending on their wavelengths and frequencies.
5. The term “electromagnetic radiation” is used interchangeably with the “electromagnetic
waves”.
6. Radio waves are the electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelength. They are the
generated electrically by the oscillation of electrons.
7. In radio communication, radio waves undergo several processes like modulation,
amplification, and demodulation.
8. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves used for radar system, broadcast
communication, and cooking food.
9. Infrared radiation is felt as radiant heat.
10. Visible light is the electromagnetic wave detectable by the human eye.
11. Ultraviolet radiation is the electromagnetic wave that can cause sunburn.
12. X-rays are electromagnetic waves that have high energy and can penetrate some solid
matter.
13. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation that have the shortest wavelength but
highest energy. They are emitted during nuclear reactions and their radiation has a high
penetrating power.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
A. MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B.
A B
1. EM waves that cause sunburn a. gamma rays
2. EM waves detected by the human eye b. global warming
3. Radiation emitted by hot objects c. greenhouse effect
4. Scientist who generated and detected d. Heinrich Hertz
EM waves e. infrared rays
5. A device used for the radiation f. James Clark Maxwell
treatment of cancer patients g. linear accelerator
6. A highly penetrating radiation emitted h. micro waves
during a nuclear reaction. i. radio waves
7. A phenomenon of atmospheric gases j. radiation therapist
That traps heat from Earth’s surface k. ultraviolet rays
8. A person who operates the linear l. visible light
accelerator and gives radiation m. x-rays
treatments to patients
9. It refers to unnatural heating effect
characterized by an increase in Earth’s
surface temperature.
10. Waves that have very short
wavelengths and are used for
satellite communication, radar
and cooking

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer.

1. According to Maxwell’s hypothesis, a changing electric field gives rise to________________.

a. an electric current
b. an EMF
c. a magnetic field
d. radiation pressure

2. Who verified the existence of electromagnetic waves?

a. Albert Einstein
b. Heinrich Hertz
c. James Clark Maxwell
d. Max Planck

3. Electromagnetic waves transport

a. electric charge
b. energy
c. frequency
d. wavelength

4. In radio communication, sound waves are fed to the radio station microphone and are
Heard through a radio. The radio station serves as a _______________________.

a. a receiver
b. a transmitter
c. a radio communication
d. a transmitter – receiver

5. Which among the EM waves are emitted by hot objects?

a. infrared rays
b. microwaves
c. radio waves
d. x-rays

6. Which is true of all electromagnetic (EM) waves? All EM waves _______________________.

a. travel at the same speed

b. have the same frequency
c. have the same wavelength
d. transport energy but not momentum

7. Which electromagnetic radiation has the highest penetrating ability and is emitted
only during high-energy nuclear reactions?

a. gamma rays
b. microwave radiation
c. radio waves
d. x-rays

8. Which is true about x-rays?

a. They have a short wavelength and a high frequency.

b. X-rays with shorter wavelengths can penetrate through metals.
c. X-rays with longer wavelengths can penetrate through flesh but not bones.
d. All of the above.

9. Which has the longest wavelengths?

a. gamma rays
b. infrared rays
c. radio waves
d. x-rays

10. Which has the highest frequency?

a. gamma rays
b. microwaves
c. radio waves
d. ultraviolet rays

SCIENCE IN ACTION

A. Conceptual Questions

1. How does a microwave oven work? What role does water play in its functions?

2. What is the difference between an AM wave and an FM wave?

3. Name the four properties common to all electromagnetic waves.

4. Why are x-rays used for medical diagnosis? Which other types of electromagnetic
Radiation are used in medicine

B. PROBLEM SOLVING
1. A television station broadcasts in the frequency range of 470 to 478 MHz. Calculate the
Corresponding wavelength range. Is it a VHF or a UHF station?

2. Find the frequencies of the following:

a. FM radiowave with a wavelength of 3m
b. microwave with a wavelength of 0.03 m
c. x-rays with a wavelength of 0.5 mm

3. If the frequency of an electromagnetic wave is 10^6 Hz, what is its wavelength in

Nanometers? In meters? What type of electromagnetic wave is that?

C. Research/Project

1. Find out more about the following scientists and their contribution to electromagnetism:

a. James Clark Maxwell

b. Leon Foucault and Hippolyte Fizeu
c. Edward Morley
d. Albert Michelson

2. Visit a local hospital and investigate how different forms of electromagnetic radiation are
used regularly. How are these forms of EM radiation used at the facility?

3. ComputerLink: Visit the website, http://www.walter-fendth.ck/ph14e/emwalk.htm to

view animated presentations of electromagnetic waves.

CONCEPTS AT A GLANCE

1. The motion of electric charges creates a magnetic field.

2. A magnetic field exists around a current-carrying wire.
3. A force is exerted by a magnetic field that is produced by a current-carrying wire. This is
the basis for the operation of electric motor.
4. Electromagnetic induction is the process by which a changing magnetic field generates
an electric current in conductor.
5. Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the magnitude of the induced
electromotive force on a wire is proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux
changes.
6. An induced current is produced when there is a changing magnetic field.
7. Lenz’s law states that the direction of an induced current is such that it produces a
magnetic field of its own that opposes the change in magnetic field which causes it.
8. A generator is essentially an electric motor run in reverse. It is a device that converts
mechanical energy to electrical energy while an electric motor converts electrical energy
to mechanical energy.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The needle of a magnetic compass ________________________.

a. aligns itself parallel to magnetic field
b. is affected only by a permanent magnet
c. aligns itself perpendicular to a magnetic field
d. rotates in the magnetic field of an electric current

2. Which of the following produces a magnetic field?

I. electric current
II. moving charged particle
III. a changing magnetic field

a. I and II only
b. II and III only
c. I and III only
d. I, II, III

3. The fact that an electric field is produces in a conductor whenever magnetic lines of force
move across it is reffered to as __________________.

a. Ampere’s law
b. Faraday’s law
c. Lenz’s law
d. Ohm’s law

4. When there is a change in the electric field strength, which of the following happens?
a. An electric current is produced.
b. Electric charges will be produced.
c. There will be a potential difference.
d. There is a change in the magnetic field.

5. Which of the following is demonstrated with the use of a compass, a dry cell, and a
copper wire?
a. a magnetic deviation
b. a magnetic firld
c. a magnetic levitation
d. an alternating current

6. A compass is placed under a horizontal wire oriented in a north-south direction. A

current directed south is passed through the wire. The compass needle which indicates the
direction of the magnetic field points ______________.

a. east
b. north
c. south
d. west

7. When an iron core is inserted in a current-carrying coil, its magnetic field _________________.

a. is increased
b. is decreased
c. remains unchanged
d. increased or decreased depending on the volume of a substance

8. Which discovery is attributed to Faraday?

a. A magnetic field produces current.
b. Electric current produces a magnetic field.
c. A changing magnetic field produces current.
d. Steam from underground can be a source of electrical energy.

9. Which statement best describes an electric motor?

a. An electric motor is a coil of wire.

b. An electric motor produces current.
c. An electric motor is anything that rotates.
d. An electric motor has the same essential parts as a generator.

10. Choose a statement below which best describes a magnetic field.

a. A magnetic field exerts a force on a wire placed parallel to the field.

b. A magnetic field turns a compass until it is perpendicular to the field.
c. A magnetic field may exert a force on electric charge moving through it.
d. A magnetic field is numerically equal to the force acting on a unit charge.

SCIENCE IN ACTION

A. Conceptual Questions

1. What are the three ways of inducing voltage in a loop of wire?

2. Why does an iron core increase the magnetic induction of a coil of wire?

B. PROBLEM SOLVING

1. What is the current in the coil while it is stationary?

2. If the coil is brought quickly to a horizontal position within 1.5 ms, what is the magnitude
of EMF induced in the coil?

C. RESEARCH/PROJECT

1. Explore the history of the development of the electric car. Who were the people involved
in the development of this technology? What obstacles or problems were overcome to
improve the efficiency of the car? From your research, when do you think will you see such
a car on the road in large numbers?

2. Compute Link: Visit this website for more information about the maglev train:
http://www/about.shanghai.com/arts/maglev_train_line_big1.php

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blanks.

_______________1. Who accurately explained the photoelectric effect using his quantum theory
of light?
a. Einstein
b. Newton
c. Maxwell
d. Young

________________2. When light reflects from a surface, there is a change in its ___________________.
a. frequency
b.wavelength
c. speed
d. direction