Practica 2: Lanzamiento de proyectiles

𝑣0 2 (sin 𝜃)2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑔
grad 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚 𝑡𝑣
𝑣0 𝑠 𝑣0𝑥 𝑣0𝑦
os 𝑠 𝑠 S
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟 formula formula regla formula formula
30 2.39 2.06 1.195 0.622 0.25 0.07 0.23
45 2.31 1.63 1.63 0.545 0.27 0.13 0.32
60 2.29 1.145 1.983 0.535 0.23 0.20 0.40

𝑣0𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑚
𝑣0𝑥 = 2.39𝑐𝑜𝑠30 = 2,06
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑥 = 2.31𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 1.63
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑥 = 2.29𝑐𝑜𝑠60 = 1.145
𝑠

𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝑚
𝑣0𝑦 = 2.39𝑠𝑒𝑛30 = 1.195
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑦 = 2.31𝑠𝑒𝑛45 = 1.633
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑦 = 2.29𝑠𝑒𝑛60 = 1.983
𝑠
𝑣0 2 sin2 𝜃
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑔

2.392 × sin(2 × 30)

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.25 𝑚
2(9.81)
2.312 × sin(2 × 45)
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.27 𝑚
2(9.81)
2.292 × sin(2 × 60)
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.23 𝑚
2(9.81)

𝑣0 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃)2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑔

2.392 × sin(30)2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.07𝑚
2(9.81)
2.312 × sin(45)2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.13 𝑚
2(9.81)
2.292 × sin(60)2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.20 𝑚
2(9.81)
 Tiempo de vuelo
2𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑡 = 2√
𝑔

2 ∗ 0.07
𝑡 = 2√ = 0.23 𝑠
9.81

2 ∗ 0.13
𝑡 = 2√ 0.32
9.81

2 ∗ 0.20
𝑡 = 2√ 0.40 𝑠
9.81

Para 45 grados
Tiempo de 0𝑡𝑣 = 0𝑠 𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣
=0.08s 𝑡𝑣 3𝑡𝑣
=0.24 5𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣 = 0.32
4 4
Vuelo 6 2 6 s
= 0.053 𝑠 = 0.16 𝑠 s = 0.26𝑠
s
elo
Componentes 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦 𝑣𝑥 𝑣𝑦
de la
1.63 1.195 1.63 1.13 1.63 0.84 1.63 0.06 1.63 0.78 1.63 0.98 1.63 1.56
Velocidad
m/s
Modulo de la |𝑣
⃗ |1 =2.02 |𝑣
⃗ |2 =1.98 |𝑣
⃗ |3 =1.83 |𝑣
⃗ |4 =1.63 |𝑣
⃗ |5 =1.80 |𝑣
⃗ |6 |𝑣
⃗ |7 =2.25
Velocidad = 1.90
m/s

𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣0 + 𝑔𝑡
𝑣𝑦 = 1.63 − 9.81 × 0.053 = 1.13
𝑣𝑦 = 1.63 − 9.81 × 0.08 = 0.84
𝑣𝑦 = 1.63 − 9.81 × 0.16 = 0.06
𝑣𝑦 = 0 + 9.81 × (0.24 − 0.16) = 0.78 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜
𝑣𝑦 = 0 + 9.81 × (0.26 − 0.16) = 0.98 hacia abajo
𝑣𝑦 = 0 + 9.81 × (0.32 − 0.16) = 1.56 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜
 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡
𝑣𝑥 = 1.63 𝑚/𝑠

⃗ |2 = √(1.63)2 + (1.195)2 =2.02 m/s

|𝑣

|⃗𝑣|2 = √(1.63)2 + (1.13)2 =1.98 m/s

⃗ |3 = √(1.63)2 + (0.84)2 = 1.83 𝑚/𝑠

|𝑣

⃗ |4 = √(1.63)2 + (0.06)2 =1.63 m/s

|𝑣

⃗ |5 = √(1.63)2 + (0.78)2 = 1.80 𝑚/𝑠

|𝑣

⃗ |6 = √(1.63)2 + (0.98)2 = 1.90 𝑚/𝑠

|𝑣

⃗ |7 = √(1.63)2 + (1.56)2 = 2.25 𝑚/𝑠

|𝑣

Realice una grafica del modulo de velocidad contra el tiempo

v 2.02 1.98 1.83 1.63 1.80 1.90 2.25

t 0 0.053 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.26 0.32

 Determine el valor de las componentes de la velocidad vertical y horizontal de la
velocidad inicial para cada uno de los tres ángulos y regístrelos en la tabla 2.1

𝑚
𝑣0𝑥 = 2.39𝑐𝑜𝑠30 = 2,06
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑥 = 2.31𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 1.63
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑥 = 2.29𝑐𝑜𝑠60 = 1.145
𝑠

𝑣0𝑦 = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝑚
𝑣0𝑦 = 2.39𝑠𝑒𝑛30 = 1.195
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑦 = 2.31𝑠𝑒𝑛45 = 1.633
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣0𝑦 = 2.29𝑠𝑒𝑛60 = 1.983
𝑠

grad 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚 𝑡𝑣

𝑣0 𝑠 𝑣0𝑥 𝑣0𝑦
os 𝑠 𝑠 S
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑟 formula formula regla formula formula
30 2.39 2.06 1.195 0.622 0.25 0.07 0.23
45 2.31 1.63 1.63 0.545 0.27 0.13 0.32
60 2.29 1.145 1.983 0.535 0.23 0.20 0.40

Compare el resultado del xmax medido con la regla con el obtenido por medio
de la aplicación de la ecuación 2.6 que se puede concluir

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚

Regla formula
0.622 0.25
0.545 0.27
0.535 0.23

Como se observa la diferencia es casi del doble por lo que se puede concluir que
hubo algunas fallas en la medición
 Para 30

Tiempo 0𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣
=0.05s 𝑡𝑣 3𝑡𝑣
=0.17s 5𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣 = 0.23 s
= 0.03 𝑠 4 = 0.115 𝑠 4 = 0.19𝑠
de = 0𝑠 6 2 6
Vuelo s

Posiciones 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
Horizontal
0 0 0.06 0.031 0.103 0.047 0.23 0.072 0.35 0.061 0.39 0.049 0.47 0.015
y vertical

𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑥 𝑡

𝑥 = 0 + 2.06 ∗ 0 = 0

𝑥 = 0 + 2.06 ∗ 0.03 = 0.06

𝑥 = 0 + 2.06 ∗ 0.05 = 0.103

𝑥 = 0 + 2.06 ∗ 0.115 = 0.23

𝑥 = 0 + 2.06 ∗ 0.17 = 0.35

𝑥 = 0 + 2.06 ∗ 0.19 = 0.39

𝑥 = 0 + 2.06 ∗ 0.23 = 0.47

1
𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.195 ∗ 0 + ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0)2 = 0
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.195 ∗ 0.03 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.03)2 = 0.031
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.195 ∗ 0.05 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.05)2 = 0.047
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.195 ∗ 0.115 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.115)2 = 0.072
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.195 ∗ 0.17 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.17)2 = 0.061
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.195 ∗ 0.19 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.19)2 = 0.049
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.195 ∗ 0.23 − 2 ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.23)2 = 0.015
 Para 45

Tiempo 0𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣
=0.08s 𝑡𝑣 3𝑡𝑣
=0.24 s 5𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣 = 0.32
4 4
de = 0𝑠 6 2 6 s
Vuelo s = 0.053 𝑠 = 0.16 𝑠 = 0.26𝑠
elo
Posiciones 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
Horizontal
0 0 0.08 0.07 0.13 0.09 0.26 0.13 0.39 0.10 0.42 0.09 0.52 0.01
y vertical

𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑥 𝑡

𝑥 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0 = 0

𝑥 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.053 = 0.08

𝑥 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.08 = 0.13

𝑥 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.16 = 0.26

𝑥 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.24 = 0.39

𝑥 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.26 = 0.42

𝑥 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.32 = 0.52

1
𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0 + ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0)2 = 0
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.633 ∗ 0.053 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.053)2 = 0.07
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.633 ∗ 0.08 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.08)2 = 0.09
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.16 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.16)2 = 0.13
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.24 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.24)2 = 0.10
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.26 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.26)2 = 0.09
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.63 ∗ 0.32 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.32)2 = 0.01
2
 Para 60

Tiempo 0𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣
=0.1s 𝑡𝑣 3𝑡𝑣
=0.3 s 5𝑡𝑣 𝑡𝑣 = 0.40 s
= 0.06 𝑠 4 = 0.2 𝑠 4
de = 0𝑠 6 2 6
Vuelo s = 0.33𝑠

Posiciones 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
Horizontal
y vertical 0 0 0.068 0.101 0.11 0.14 0.229 0.20 0.34 0.15 0.37 0.12 0.45 0.0084

𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑥 𝑡

𝑥 = 0 + 1.145 ∗ 0 = 0

𝑥 = 0 + 1.145 ∗ 0.06 = 0.068

𝑥 = 0 + 1.145 ∗ 0.1 = 0.11

𝑥 = 0 + 1.145 ∗ 0.2 = 0.229

𝑥 = 0 + 1.145 ∗ 0.3 = 0.34

𝑥 = 0 + 1.145 ∗ 0.33 = 0.37

𝑥 = 0 + 1.145 ∗ 0.40 = 0.45

1
𝑦 = 𝑦0 + 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.983 ∗ 0 + ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0)2 = 0
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.983 ∗ 0.06 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.06)2 = 0.101
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.983 ∗ 0.1 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.1)2 = 0.14
2

1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.983 ∗ 0.2 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.2)2 = 0.20
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.983 ∗ 0.3 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.3)2 = 0.15
2
1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.983 ∗ 0.33 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.33)2 = 0.12
2
 1
𝑦 = 0 + 1.983 ∗ 0.40 − ∗ 9.81 ∗ (0.40)2 = 0.0084
2