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4 Storage Devices
Q.1: Complete the following st~ements.
(i) A by~ ~~ group of ::i.
bits.
(ii) ~\ B,;\ \
is a volatile memory. ,-
(iii) Storage capacity of a sector on floppy 1s a multiple of _ _"J____
bytes.
(iv) SIM Ms provide :('{' '\ · 0 1 memory capacity as compared to DIM Ms.
(v) The capacity of a CD of 700MB is equivalent to '-'~ ( 6 floppies .
Answers:
(i) 8 (ii) RAM (iii)512
(iv) smaller (v) 500
Answers:
(i) True (ii) False (iii) False
(iv) True (v) False
.
~ supersonic speed
·'
J~ speed of light
c. ·speed of sound
d. speed of ultrasonic
(iii) The number of read/write heads for a hard disk of four platters is
a. 4
a (ii) b (iii) c
( v) a (v) b
Q.4: Match the items given in Column I with those given in Column II.
Column I Column II
i) Nibble
-
c a) peed
ii) Word {l . b) La er
iii ) 16 MB RAM l.~ c) Memory uni t
iv) 128 MB RAM €__ d) IM Ms
v) CD- ROM ~ e) DIM Ms
Answers:
(i) c (ii) a (iii) d
(iv) e (v) b
Q.5: What is meant by computer storage? How will you classify it?
Answer:
torag i a major factor in computer power. More p we rf'ul c mputer to re
more data and proces large amount of data . Co mputer toragc gas two maj or
div isions. These are: -
• Main m m r or Intern al mem ory
• eco nd ary memory or Back ing storage
The main re aso n for the di tincti on G>etween main rn ern orv and ·ccondary
rnernor is the cost in relation to their performa nce in handling data and . toral',t:
ca pac ity. CPU has quick access to main mem ory. Ma in memor ca n store and supply
data and in stru cti on at a ve ry hi gh peed. But it is very co tl y. Seco ndar ' mcm ry i ~
muc h sloVver and cannot c mmunicate data and in tru cti n at speed at v\hich C PL
/ /. ..7/
·:~ Name four memory units if:1 which memory of storage device is
measured. .
~-Answer:
Four memory units in which memory of storage device is measured are as
follows:
Byte= 8bit, Kilo Byte (KB)= 1024Bytes, Mega Byte (MB) = 1024KB
Giga Byte (GB)= 1024MB
. I
,. Q.8: / What is the significance of byte? How other memory units are
_// related with byte?
- Answer:
A group of four bits is called a nibble and that of eight bits is called a byte. A
byte is generally used to express the memory of a computer. Here are some other
rne1nory units, which are related with byte.
l nibble = 22 bits - 4 bits
3
I byte =2 bits - 8 bits
10
I kilobytes (Kbytes) = 2 bytes - 1024 bytes
20
I megabytes (Mbytes) = 2 bytes - 1024 kilobytes
30
1 gigabytes (Gbytes) = 2 bytes - 1024 megabytes
40
1 terabytes (Tbytes) =2 bytes - 1024 gigabytes
~'
Q.9:
Name some of the computer's primary and secondary storage
11
1 devices.
r--Ahswer:
COMPUTER'S PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES
The names of some computer's primary storage devices are as follows:
1. Random Access Memory (RAM)
a. DRAM b. SRAM
2 Read Only Memory (ROM)
a. EPROM b. PROM
3. Memory
4 Cache Me1nory
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COMPUTER'S SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES
The names or' some computer's secondary storage devices are .as follows:
I. Floppy Disk
2. Hard Disk
3. CD-ROM (Compact Disc ~ead Only Memory)
Q.12: What is ROM? How do PROM and EPROM differ from each other?
I Answer:
ROM stands for Read Only Memory. Th e in tructions \ ritten in ROM can
L)nly be read but cannot be changed or deleted . Th ROM i , therefore, also called
non-volatile memory. It i not possible to \.\'l'ite ne\ informati on or in structions into
the ROM. This is the ,re n wh_ ' It is called Read Onl Memory.
ROM stores data a , in structions permanently. When the power is turned off,
the instructions stered in ROM are not lost. The in tru tion s are written into the ROM
chips at the time of its manufacturing. \Yhen the computer is switched on, the
instructions in the ROM are automatically loaded into the mem ory of the computer.
These inst~uctions prepare the computer system tor use an j di ·pl ay the initial
operating system screen.
A variation of ROM is programmable read onl y memory (PR OM). PROl\1 is a
ROM into .which you can load read onl y programs and data. Some mi croco mpukr
software packages, such as electronic spreadsheets are ava ilablc as PR M unit · a
well as on interchangeable disks. ROt\~ and PROM are used in a var iety of
capabi Iities within a computer system.
~' •
1
Fig: Read Only Memory (ROM)
-~ · ~ j
1
Q.13: Differentiate between SIMMs and DIMMs.
Ans er:
', The capacity of RAM jn a computer affects computer 's power More RAM
can make computer run faster. The computer do~ not necessari I ha e t load li
complete program into its nrnin ' memory to run it. However grea ter i th e pa rt of a
program it can fit into memory, the faster the program will run.
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Many RAM chips are installed. on a small circuit board. These RAM chips are
wired together to fonn a single module of large memory called s·ingle In-line
Memory Modules (SIMMs) SIMM has contact termin;Ils ·on it one side f lt can easily
be plugged into the mothe oar~ . SIM Ms had different capacities such as 1Mbyte. 4
Mbytes, 16 Mbytes with varying speed. ·
SlMMs were popular by PC users in f980s but has now ·been replaced by
DlMMs. Like SIMMs, Dual Jn-Line Memory .Modules (DIMMs) have been
developed installing many RAM chips. DIMMs provide larger capacity as compared
to SIMMs DIMMs have wider.data bus and thus have higher rate_ Qf data transfer.
DIM Ms a e available in several configurations having_ different capacities and_speeds.
You can expand RAM capacity of your computer by simply plugging in 1nore
DIM Ms.
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Fig: Cutaway of 3 inches floppy Fig: Showing concentric tracks and sector on a
floppy disk
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A.· ct of simila rl y numb red concentric track , one on each surface forms a
ylindcr. T'n1 , for a hard disk containing four platters, a computer can access a
cylinder of.eight tracks in a single movement. In the illustration , the read/write heads
are po ~· i ti o n eu ove r cy linder 0012 at the position; the data on any one of the eight
tr k numbered 0012 are acces ible to the computer on each revolution . of the disk.
The disks spin co ntinuously at a high speed (from 3600 rpm to 15000 rpm within a
~ al ed chamber) . The chamber keeps the di ·k surfaces free from dust and smoke.
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