HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN

Integrated approach of contemporary architecture

Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Faculty of Architecture Engineering
Department of Building Constructions

www.epszerk.bme.hu
2017.
We have to change
the traditional experience
based design method of
architecture

NEW POSSIBILITIES

NEW DEMANDS

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 DESIGN TOOLS

Frank Gehry- Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California,

opened on October 24, 2003 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall

Digital architecture allows complex calculations that delimit architects and

allow a diverse range of complex virtual forms to be created.
BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
 DESIGN TOOLS

High-tech Smart
Application

Problem: Artificial materials, separation from surroundings

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

DESIGN TOOLS

Adaptation -
„Passive Design”

Traditional residential house in Hungary

dnarchitecture.com

Problem: to achieve required comfort level

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
 TASKS
Real buildings are very often too complicated, expensive
with structural anomalies

Complicated structure, Dangerous reflective qualities

foundation problems of the surface

Frank Gehry- Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, California,

opened on October 24, 2003 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Concert_Hall

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 TASKS

BUILT ENVIRONMENT
V.S.
NATURAL RESOURCES
COMFORT & POLLUTION

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 GOALS OF
SUSTAINABILITY

o Minimize consumption and

depletion of material resources.
o Minimize the life-cycle impact of
materials on the environment.
o Minimize environmental pollution.
o Minimize the impact of materials on
indoor environmental quality.

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

Awareness of design parameters
together with huge amount
of technical opportunities,
and functional aspects
have triggered new demands
for architects.

NEW DEMANDS

RMIT Architecture Program - Melbourne

Successful integration of
complex principles and
new technologies into a
creative design

NEW APPROACH

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
 COMPLEX, INTEGRATED DESIGN

LOCAL
PROJECT ORIENTED
DATABASE
SYSTEM

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 MULTILEVEL SITE SPECIFIC DATABASE

TRADITIONAL DATABASE SYSTEM MULTILEVEL DATABASE SYSTEM

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 DESIGN CONDITIONS

Site & functional parameters

Requirements

Legislation

Performance options

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

SITE PARAMETERS - examples Microclimate

Climate (sunshine, temperature and wind) has a crucial influence on all design
decisions and parameters such as orientation, glazing, thermal mass, insulation,
ventilation and zoning. Careful consideration of the above issues at the earliest stages
of a design can have an enormous impact on reducing subsequent operating costs.

1. Sunshine

Design issues Heating Cooling Lighting

Thermal and
1.Surface to volume ratio 1. Shading 1. Windows
Visual comfort
2. Insulation 2. Exterior colors 2. Glazing
3.Infiltration 3. Insulation 3. Interior finishes

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

SITE PARAMETERS - examples Microclimate

2. Wind effects Orientation and filtration

Wind patterns around a building - related problems:

wind pressure, natural ventilation, air infiltration,
driving rain, smoke distribution, energy consumption
of building, street comfort, air change, air pollution in
urban spaces.

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE BASED APPROACH
PERFORMANCE BASED
MEASUREMENT
Each existing impacts

COMPLEX EVALUATION
Whole building from the
very first step (Holism)

REAL DATABASE
Social, Environmental,
Functional, Structural,
Economical

We have to take into

consideration the whole
complexity of aspects and
available data during the
design process

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 COMPLEXITY OF BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
Hungarian Regulation: OTÉK 253/1997. (XII.20.) recast 211/2012. (VII.30.)

• stability, mechanical strength

• fire protection
• noise and vibration protection
• safety and barrier free solutions
• life and wealth protection
• energy saving and heat protection
• health and environment protection
• sustainable consumption of natural
resources

Each requirement should be fulfilled at the same time

OPTIMUM SOLUTION

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 EFFECTS, REQUIREMENTS

REQUIREMENTS
ACCORDING TO THE IMPACTS

loads given from wind, snow, structures

SUPPORTING, FIXING

UV radiation
UV PROTECTION

rainfall
WATERPROOFING, DRAIN SYSTEM

Internal - external temperature

THERMAL INSULATION

Internal – external vapour pressure

VAPOUR RESISTANCE
noise
SOUND INSULATION
chemical, mechanical etc. interaction
fire
SEPARATION
FIRE RESISTANCE

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 COMPLEX EVALUATION

Photos: Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Architects need to take into consideration the whole complexity of available data

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 HEAT LOSS BY FILTRATION
Ventilation Heat Loss
taking into account
at total energy consumption
Ep

VENTILATION – CONDENSATION 30-50 %

OPTIMUM! of heating energy consumption

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 CAD BASED
MEASUREMENT

Simulation

Problematic : complex database, comparative analysis

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

According to the holistic approach, a
building should be thought of as a
whole.

A building should be seen as an

integrated part of a process in
dialog with the surroundings and
its occupants

The house approached as a

complete system, with specific
features and performance
requirements, not as a collection of
independent industrial engineering
disciplines (electrical, mechanical,
structural, and so on)..

HOLISTIC APPROACH

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
 STAGES OF HOLISTIC DESIGN

CONTINUOUS CONTROL
Preventive and remedial measures and decisions should always be
evaluated in the context of the whole

Feedback system

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

DESIGN
MATRIX

PhD Dissertation Fülöp Zsuzsanna 2007

Requirements determined by local database.

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

It is important to start
the performance based
holistic activities
as early as possible in the
course of the project. It is at the
stage when the framework is
established that it is possible to
choose between different
structural alternatives. As the
project takes shape and becomes
more detailed the degrees of
freedom and the possibilities of
choosing better alternatives are
reduced.

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 DESIGN METHOD FOR ARCHITECTS

HOLISTIC PERFORMANCE
BASED APPROACHED

re-thinking the architectural design

as a coordinated set of stages,

and sub-stages,

replaces the traditional

experience-related system

by a more conscious, rational, and

theory based process.

Heneghan Peng: Kildare County Council

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 COMPLEX DECISIONS
In Santiago Calatrava designs
one of the most interesting
buildings is the Turning Torso
Tower in Malmo, Sweden.
The sketches illustrate how he
based this idea on the turning
of a human torso.

The geometry that makes up

the Turning Torso Tower is very
simple. Each floor is rotated a
certain number of degrees to
the floor below, giving the
building its twisted effect.

Turning Torso Tower has many

sustainable features including
a system for recycling organic
waste into Biogas,

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

 COMPLEX DECISIONS
The Swiss Re building and
City Hall in London designed
by Sir Norman Foster are
examples of how he is inspired
by abstract shapes. The
geometry in these buildings can
be broken down into primitive
shapes.
The buildings of great
architects prove the
importance of conscious
transformation ideas into
constructions.

Parameters of real
building depend on the
material – structural
performances.

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

The architect has to
evaluate connections
between building environment
(effects) and structural
performances from the very first
step of the design process

Global architecture?

Design process is common

DESIGN PARAMETERS ARE

UNIQUE

BUILDING WILL BE
INDIVIDUAL

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
 SITE AND FUNCTION orientation  shape
of building

• The local climate see the

microclimate of the site;
• Free solar contributions: they
depend on the orientation of
the building, on the position
and on the size of the windows
and on the outer solar masks.
• Architectural specifications:
complexity of the form and
surface as well as orientation of
the windows (even with a very
high performance level they are
far from achieving the thermal
performance of a solid wall)

Kép. Graf 2003 /

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D
 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!
zsfulop@epsz.bme.hu

BME Department of Building Constructions 2017. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D