RESEARCH PROJECT

ON

“PEOPLE AWARENESS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING

AND ITS EFFECTS”

“JOIN HANDS SAVE EARTH”

SUBMITTED TO PUNJAB TECHINICAL UNIVERSITY

IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Abhishek Ranjan Prof. Harish Mehta

Rollno: 81407317061 PROJECT GUIDE

Ankit Nag

Rollno: 81407317071

Anuj Dadwal

Rollno: 81407317073

Gopal Bharwaj

Rollno: 81407317085

CT INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY
JALANDHAR
 PREFACE

MBA is stepping stone to management career. In order to develop a healthy

management and administration skill among potential managers, someone has rightly
said that partial training is far better than the classroom training. To achieve partial and
concrete results, it is necessary that theoretical knowledge must be supplemented with an
exposure of the real business environment.
Keeping this in view and to go an exposure, we in the group of four conducted a survey
in Jalandhar. By doing this we learnt a lot which will help a lot in the future as well as in
the summer training.
The name of our project is “PEOPLE AWRENESS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING
AND ITS EFFECTS” for which we conduct a survey in and around Jalandhar.
 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks and deep gratitude to our respected
and worthy project guide Asst.Professor Mr.Harish Mehta for giving us an opportunity to
work on such a lovely project.
We also thanks Mr.Harish Mehta for providing us help at every difficult situation and
for guiding us in his own way.
Last but not the least; we want to thank all the people who levied their precious time to
complete this project, without whose help this report wouldn’t have materialized.
 GUIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the research project titled “people awareness about global warming
and its effects” has been conducted under my guidance and supervision. This project has
been submitted to Punjab Technical University for the partial fulfilment of the award of
degree in Masters of Business Administration.
This project has not been submitted in any other institute or university.
The project is submitted by: Abhishek ranjan(Roll no: 81407317061), Ankit Nag(Roll no:
8140731707), Anuj Dadwal(Roll no:81407317073), Gopal Bhardwaj(Roll
no:81407317085).
The sincerely of efforts put in during the course of investigation is hereby acknowledged.

Prof.Mr.Harish Mehta
(Project guide)
 STUDENTS DECLARATION

This project entitled “PEOPLE AWRENESS ABOUT GLOBAL

WARMING AND ITS EFFECTS” is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of degree of master of business administration of Punjab technical
university, Jalandhar .
This research work is done by all the members of a group namely ,Abhishek Ranjan,
Ankit nag, Anuj dadwal, Gopal Bhardwaj .This research work has been done only for
MBA only and non of this research work has been submitted for any other degree.

The assistance and help during the execution of the project has been fully acknowledged.

Dated Abhishek ranjan

Roll no: 81407317061
Ankit Nag
Roll no: 81407317071
Anuj Dadwal
Roll no: 81407317073
Gopal bhardwaj
Roll no: 81407317085
 INDEX
Serial No. Particulars Page No.

1 Preface

2. Acknowledgement

3. Guide Certificate

4. Students Declaration

5. Introduction

6. Objectives

7. Research methodology

8. Data Analysis & Interpretation

9. Limitations

10. Findings

11. Suggestions

12. Conclusion

13. Bibliography

14. Annexure
INTRODUCTION
 GLOBAL WARMING
Introduction
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air
and the oceans since the mid-twentieth century and its projected continuation. Global
surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the last century.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that anthropogenic
greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed temperature increase since the
middle of the twentieth century, and that natural phenomena such as solar variation and
volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a
small cooling effect afterward. These basic conclusions have been endorsed by more than
40 scientific societies and academies of science, including all of the national academies
of science of the major industrialized countries.
Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that global
surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the
twenty-first century. The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with
differing climate sensitivity, and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gas
emissions. Some other uncertainties include how warming and related changes will vary
from region to region around the globe. Most studies focus on the period up to 2100.
However, warming is expected to continue beyond 2100, even if emissions stop, because
of the large heat capacity of the oceans and the long lifetime of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
Increasing global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount
and pattern of precipitation, likely including expansion of subtropical deserts. The
continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice is expected, with the Arctic region
being particularly affected. Other likely effects include shrinkage of the Amazon
rainforest and Boreal forests, increases in the intensity of extreme weather events, species
extinctions and changes in agricultural yields.
Political and public debate continues regarding the appropriate response to global
warming. The available options are mitigation to reduce further emissions; adaptation to
reduce the damage caused by warming; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to
reverse global warming. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto
Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Global temperatures have increased by 0.75 °C (1.35 °F) relative to the period 1860–
1900, according to the instrumental temperature record. The urban heat island effect is
unlikely to have significantly influenced this value and is estimated to account for about
0.02 °C of warming since 1900. Since 1979, land temperatures have increased about
twice as fast as ocean temperatures (0.25 °C per decade against 0.13 °C per decade).
Temperatures in the lower troposphere have increased between 0.12 and 0.22 °C (0.22
and 0.4 °F) per decade since 1979, according to satellite temperature measurements.
Temperature is believed to have been relatively stable over the one or two thousand years
before 1850, with possibly regional fluctuations such as the Medieval Warm Period or the
Little Ice Age.
Ocean temperatures increase more slowly than land temperatures because of the larger
effective heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean loses more heat by
evaporation. The Northern Hemisphere has more land than the Southern Hemisphere so it
warms faster. The Northern Hemisphere also has extensive areas of seasonal snow and
sea-ice cover subject to the ice-albedo feedback. Although more greenhouse gases are
emitted in the Northern than Southern Hemisphere this does not contribute to the
difference in warming because the major greenhouse gases persist long enough to mix
between hemispheres.
Based on estimates by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies 2005 was the
warmest year since reliable, widespread instrumental measurements became available in
the late 1800s, exceeding the previous record set in 1998 by a few hundredths of a
degree. Estimates prepared by the World Meteorological Organization and the Climatic
Research Unit concluded that 2005 was the second warmest year, behind 1998.
Temperatures in 1998 were unusually warm because the strongest El Niño-Southern
Oscillation in the past century occurred during that year.
 GREEN HOUSE EFFECT:
INTRODUCTION
The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and first investigated
quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. It is the process by which absorption and
emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases warm a planet's lower atmosphere
and surface. Existence of the greenhouse effect as such is not disputed even by those who
do not agree that the recent temperature increase is attributable to human activity. The
question is instead how the strength of the greenhouse effect changes when human
activity increases the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 °C
(59 °F), without which Earth would be uninhabitable. The major greenhouse gases are
water vapor, which causes about 36–70 percent of the greenhouse effect (not including
clouds); carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes 9–26 percent; methane (CH4), which causes
4–9 percent; and ozone, which causes 3–7 percent.
Human activity since the industrial revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane,
tropospheric ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. The concentrations of CO2 and methane
have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since the mid-1700s. These levels are
considerably higher than at any time during the last 650,000 years, the period for which
reliable data has been extracted from ice cores. Less direct geological evidence indicates
that CO2 values this high were last seen approximately 20 million years ago.]Fossil fuel
burning has produced approximately three-quarters of the increase in CO2 from human
activity over the past 20 years. Most of the rest is due to land-use change, in particular
deforestation.
CO2 concentrations are continuing to rise due to burning of fossil fuels and land-use
change. The future rate of rise will depend on uncertain economic, sociological,
technological, and natural developments. The IPCC Special Report on Emissions
Scenarios gives a wide range of future CO2 scenarios, ranging from 541 to 970 ppm by
the year 2100. Fossil fuel reserves are sufficient to reach this level and continue
emissions past 2100 if coal, tar sands or methane clathrates are extensively exploited.
Aerosols
Global dimming, a gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the
Earth's surface, may have partially counteracted global warming during the period 1960-
1990. Human-caused aerosols likely precipitated this effect. Scientists have stated with
66–90% confidence that the effects of human-caused aerosols, along with volcanic
activity, have offset some of the warming effect of increasing greenhouse gases.
Anthropogenic emissions of other pollutants—notably sulfate aerosols—can exert a
cooling effect by increasing the reflection of incoming sunlight. This partially accounts
for the cooling seen in the temperature record in the middle of the twentieth century,
though the cooling may also be due in part to natural variability. James Hansen and
colleagues have proposed that the effects of the products of fossil fuel combustion—CO 2
and aerosols—have, for the short term, largely offset one another, so that net warming in
recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO2 greenhouse gases.
Ozone
Ozone depletion, the steady decline in the total amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere,
is sometimes cited in relation to global warming. Although there are a few areas of
linkage the relationship between the two is not strong. Reduction of stratospheric ozone
has a cooling influence, but substantial ozone depletion did not occur until the late 1970s.
Tropospheric ozone is a positive forcing and contributes to surface warming.
CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

what causes global warming?

Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening
blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up. Coal-burning power plants
are the largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution -- they produce 2.5 billion tons every year.
Automobiles, the second largest source, create nearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually.

Here's the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn less gas,
modernize power plants and generate electricity from non polluting sources, and cut our
electricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put to
use.

Global Warming is caused by many things. The causes are split up into two groups, man-
made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.

Natural Causes
Natural causes are causes created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas
from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas is a gas
that traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes
through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years.

Man-made Causes
Man-made causes probably do the most damage. There are many man-made causes.
Pollution is one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution comes in many shapes and
sizes. Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of
organic matter such as coal, or oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give off a green
house gas called CO2. Also mining coal and oil allows methane to escape. How does it
escape? Methane is naturally in the ground. When coal or oil is mined you have to dig up
the earth a little. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig up the methane as well.
Another major man-made cause of Global Warming is population. More people means
more food, and more methods of transportation, right? That means more methane because
there will be more burning of fossil fuels, and more agriculture. Now your probably
thinking, "Wait a minute, you said agriculture is going to be damaged by Global
Warming, but now you're saying agriculture is going to help cause Global Warming?"
Well, have you ever been in a barn filled with animals and you smell something terrible?
You're smelling methane. Another source of methane is manure. Because more food is
needed we have to raise food. Animals like cows are a source of food which means more
manure and methane. Another problem with the increasing population is transportation.
More people means more cars, and more cars means more pollution. Also, many people
have more than one car.
Since CO2 contributes to global warming, the increase in
population makes the problem worse because we breathe out
CO2. Also, the trees that convert our CO2 to oxygen are being
demolished because we're using the land that we cut the trees
down from as property for our homes and buildings. We are not
replacing the trees (an important part of our eco system), so we
are constantly taking advantage of our natural resources and giving nothing back in
return.
Cause of global warming

Almost 100% of the observed temperature increase over the last 50 years has been due to
the increase in the atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations like water vapour,
carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and ozone. Greenhouse gases are those gases that
contribute to the greenhouse effect (see below). The largest contributing source of
greenhouse gas is the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide.

The greenhouse effect

When sunlight reaches Earth's surface some is absorbed and warms the earth and most of
the rest is radiated back to the atmosphere at a longer wavelength than the sun light.
Some of these longer wavelengths are absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
before they are lost to space. The absorption of this longwave radiant energy warms the
atmosphere. These greenhouse gases act like a mirror and reflect back to the Earth some
of the heat energy which would otherwise be lost to space. The reflecting back of heat
energy by the atmosphere is called the "greenhouse effect".
The major natural greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the
greenhouse effect on Earth (not including clouds); carbon dioxide CO2, which causes 9-
26%; methane, which causes 4-9%, and ozone, which causes 3-7%. It is not possible to
state that a certain gas causes a certain percentage of the greenhouse effect, because the
influences of the various gases are not additive. Other greenhouse gases include, but are
not limited to, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons
and chlorofluorocarbons.

Global warming causes by greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (see above) act like a mirror and reflect back to the
Earth a part of the heat radiation, which would otherwise be lost to space. The higher the
concentration of green house gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the more heat
energy is being reflected back to the Earth. The emission of carbon dioxide into the
environment mainly from burning of fossil fuels (oil, gas, petrol, kerosene, etc.) has been
increased dramatically
What is the most significant cause of global warming?

The primary cause of global warming is Carbon Dioxide emissions. CO2 is being
pumped into our atmosphere at an insane pace; 8 billion tons of CO2 entered the air last
year. Of course some of this is due to natural activity such as volcanic eruptions and
people breathing. But the Earth is equipped to easily absorb those into the normal
regenerative process. No, the beginning of global warming was caused by fossil fuels
being burned and emitting plenty of CO2.
Currently in the world 40% of all CO2 emissions are caused by power plants. These are
burning coal, natural gas and diesel fuel. Some power plants burn garbage. Some burn
methane made from garbage. And discounting those super green electrical generating
plants designed to issue negligible pollutants, all of our power plants let loose into the
atmosphere CO2.
33% of all the CO2 sent forth is the product of cars and trucks. Internal combustion
engines burning fossil fuels…gasoline and diesel spew forth a retching amount of CO2.
3.5% of all CO2 emissions are released from aircraft traveling our friendly skies.
Unfortunately, jets and other aircraft deliver their payload of pollutants directly into the
troposphere.

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

Is there really cause for serious concern?
Yes. Global warming is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to
predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how global warming is
affecting the planet, and many agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if
current trends continue. Among these:

• Melting glaciers, early snowmelt and severe droughts will cause more dramatic
water shortages in the American West.

• Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding on the Eastern seaboard, in Florida,
and in other areas, such as the Gulf of Mexico.

• Warmer sea surface temperatures will fuel more intense hurricanes in the
southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

• Forests, farms and cities will face troublesome new pests and more mosquito-
borne diseases.

Disruption of habitats such as coral reefs and alpine meadows could drive many plant and
animal species to extinction.
When a warming trend results in effects that induce further warming, the process is
referred to as a positive feedback; when the warming results in effects that act to reduce
the original warming, the process is referred to as a negative feedback. The main positive
feedback involves the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the
atmosphere. The main negative feedback is the effect of temperature on emission of
infrared radiation: as the temperature of a body increases, the emitted radiation increases
with the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
Water vapor feedback
If the atmosphere is warmed the saturation vapour pressure increases, and the
amount of water vapor in the atmosphere will tend to increase. Since water vapor
is a greenhouse gas the increase in water vapor content makes the atmosphere
warm further; this warming causes the atmosphere to hold still more water vapor
(a positive feedback), and so on until other processes stop the feedback loop. The
result is a much larger greenhouse effect than that due to CO2 alone. Although this
feedback process causes an increase in the absolute moisture content of the air,
the relative humidity stays nearly constant or even decreases slightly because the
air is warmer.

Cloud feedback
 Warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds. Seen from
below, clouds emit infrared radiation back to the surface, and so exert a warming
effect; seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and emit infrared radiation to
space, and so exert a cooling effect. Whether the net effect is warming or cooling
depends on details such as the type and altitude of the cloud, details that are
difficult to represent in climate models.
Lapse rate
The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere. Since
emission of infrared radiation varies with the fourth power of temperature,
longwave radiation escaping from the upper atmosphere to space is less than that
emitted from the lower atmosphere toward the ground. Thus, the strength of the
greenhouse effect depends on the atmosphere's rate of temperature decrease with
height. Both theory and climate models indicate that global warming will reduce
the rate of temperature decrease with height, producing a negative lapse rate
feedback that weakens the greenhouse effect. Measurements of the rate of
temperature change with height are very sensitive to small errors in observations,
making it difficult to establish whether the models agree with observations.

Aerial photograph showing a section of sea ice. The lighter blue areas are melt ponds and
the darkest areas are open water, both have a lower albedo than the white sea ice. The
melting ice contributes to the ice-albedo feedback.
Ice-albedo feedback
When ice melts, land or open water takes its place. Both land and open water are
on average less reflective than ice and thus absorb more solar radiation. This
causes more warming, which in turn causes more melting, and this cycle
continues.

Arctic methane release

 Warming is also the triggering variable for the release of methane from sources
both on land and on the deep ocean floor, making both of these possible feedback
effects. Thawing permafrost, such as the frozen peat bogs in Siberia, creates a
positive feedback due to the potentially rapid release of CO2 and CH4.Reduced
absorption of CO2 by the oceans
Ocean ecosystems' ability to sequester carbon are expected to decline as the
oceans warm. This is because warming reduces the nutrient levels of the
mesopelagic zone (about 200 to 1000 m depth), which limits the growth of
diatoms in favor of smaller phytoplankton that are poorer biological pumps of
carbon.

Attributed and expected effects

Sparse records indicate that glaciers have been retreating since the early 1800s. In the
1950s measurements began that allow the monitoring of glacial mass balance, reported to
the WGMS and the NSIDC.
It usually is impossible to connect specific weather events to global warming. Instead,
global warming is expected to cause changes in the overall distribution and intensity of
events, such as changes to the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation. Broader
effects are expected to include glacial retreat, Arctic shrinkage, and worldwide sea level
rise. Other effects may include changes in crop yields, addition of new trade routes,
reduced summer streamflows, species extinctions, and changes in the range of disease
vectors.
Some effects on both the natural environment and human life are, at least in part, already
being attributed to global warming. A 2001 report by the IPCC suggests that glacier
retreat, ice shelf disruption such as that of the Larsen Ice Shelf, sea level rise, changes in
rainfall patterns, and increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are
attributable in part to global warming.Other expected effects include water scarcity in
some regions and increased precipitation in others, changes in mountain snowpack, and
adverse health effects from warmer temperatures.
Social and economic effects of global warming may be exacerbated by growing
population densities in affected areas. Temperate regions are projected to experience
some benefits, such as fewer cold-related deaths.A summary of probable effects and
recent understanding can be found in the report made for the IPCC Third Assessment
Report by Working Group II.The newer IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summary
reports that there is observational evidence for an increase in intense tropical cyclone
activity in the North Atlantic Ocean since about 1970, in correlation with the increase in
sea surface temperature (see Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation), but that the detection of
long-term trends is complicated by the quality of records prior to routine satellite
observations. The summary also states that there is no clear trend in the annual
worldwide number of tropical cyclones.
Additional anticipated effects include sea level rise of 0.18 to 0.59 meters (0.59 to 1.9 ft)
in 2090-2100 relative to 1980-1999, repercussions to agriculture, possible slowing of the
thermohaline circulation, reductions in the ozone layer, increasingly intense (but less
frequent). hurricanes and extreme weather events, lowering of ocean pH, oxygen
depletion in the oceans.and the spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, as
well as Lyme disease, hantavirus infections, bubonic plague, and cholera. One study
predicts 18% to 35% of a sample of 1,103 animal and plant species would be extinct by
2050, based on future climate projections. However, few mechanistic studies have
documented extinctions due to recent climate change and one study suggests that
projected rates of extinction are uncertain.
Increased atmospheric CO2 increases the amount of CO2 dissolved in the oceans.CO2
dissolved in the ocean reacts with water to form carbonic acid, resulting in ocean
acidification. Ocean surface pH is estimated to have decreased from 8.25 near the
beginning of the industrial era to 8.14 by 2004, and is projected to decrease by a further
0.14 to 0.5 units by 2100 as the ocean absorbs more CO2. Since organisms and
ecosystems are adapted to a narrow range of pH, this raises extinction concerns, directly
driven by increased atmospheric CO2, that could disrupt food webs and impact human
societies that depend on marine ecosystem services.
Graphical description of risks and impacts from global warming from the Third
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Later
revisions to this work suggest significantly increased risks.

The effects of global warming are of concern both for the environment and human
life. Scenarios studied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
predict that global warming will continue and get worse much faster than was
expected even in their last report. Research by NOAA indicate that the
effects of global warming are already irreversible.The IPCC reports attribute
many specific natural phenomena to human causes. The expected long range
effects of recent climate change may already be observed. Rising sea levels,
glacier retreat, Arctic shrinkage, and altered patterns of agriculture are cited as
direct consequences of human activities. Predictions for secondary and
regional effects include extreme weather events, an expansion of tropical
diseases, changes in the timing of seasonal patterns in ecosystems, and drastic
economic impact. Concerns have led to political activism advocating proposals
to mitigate, or adapt to it. Geoengineering is a further potential response, which
could potentially reverse some effects that may otherwise be irreversible.[3]

It is notable that many of the effects of global warming are non-linear in nature, with
potential for dramatic positive feedback effects. This means that the climate may enter a
critical state where small changes can trigger runaway or abrupt climate change.
Geoengineering has been suggested as a means of interrupting or reversing these effects.
A notable example of a 'runaway' effect is the release of methane from clathrates (known
as the clathrate gun effect)

Local climate change

The first recorded South Atlantic hurricane, "Catarina", which hit Brazil in March 2004
In the northern hemisphere, the southern part of the Arctic region (home to 4,000,000
people) has experienced a temperature rise of 1 °C to 3 °C (1.8 °F to 5.4 °F) over the last
50 years. Canada, Alaska and Russia are experiencing initial melting of permafrost. This
may disrupt ecosystems and by increasing bacterial activity in the soil lead to these areas
becoming carbon sources instead of carbon sinks. A study (published in Science) of
changes to eastern Siberia's permafrost suggests that it is gradually disappearing in the
southern regions, leading to the loss of nearly 11% of Siberia's nearly 11,000 lakes since
1971. At the same time, western Siberia is at the initial stage where melting permafrost is
creating new lakes, which will eventually start disappearing as in the east. Furthermore,
permafrost melting will eventually cause methane release from melting permafrost peat
bogs.
Hurricanes were thought to be an entirely North Atlantic phenomenon. In late March
2004, the first Atlantic cyclone to form south of the equator hit Brazil with 40 m/s
(144 km/h) winds, although some Brazilian meteorologists deny that it was a hurricane.
Monitoring systems may have to be extended 1,600 km (1,000 miles) further south. There
is no agreement as to whether this hurricane is linked to climate change, but one climate
model exhibits increased tropical cyclone genesis in the South Atlantic under global
warming by the end of the 21st century.
Glacier retreat and disappearance

A map of the change in thickness of mountain glaciers since 1970. Thinning in orange
and red, thickening in blue.

Lewis Glacier, North Cascades, WA USA is one of five glaciers in the area that melted
away
In historic times, glaciers grew during a cool period from about 1550 to 1850 known as
the Little Ice Age. Subsequently, until about 1940, glaciers around the world retreated as
the climate warmed. Glacier retreat declined and reversed in many cases from 1950 to
1980 as a slight global cooling occurred. Since 1980, glacier retreat has become
increasingly rapid and ubiquitous, and has threatened the existence of many of the
glaciers of the world. This process has increased markedly since 1995. Excluding the ice
caps and ice sheets of the Arctic and Antarctic, the total surface area of glaciers
worldwide has decreased by 50% since the end of the 19th century. Currently glacier
retreat rates and mass balance losses have been increasing in the Andes, Alps, Pyrenees,
Himalayas, Rocky Mountains and North Cascades.
The loss of glaciers not only directly causes landslides, flash floods and glacial lake
overflow, but also increases annual variation in water flows in rivers. Glacier runoff
declines in the summer as glaciers decrease in size, this decline is already observable in
several regions. Glaciers retain water on mountains in high precipitation years, since the
snow cover accumulating on glaciers protects the ice from melting. In warmer and drier
years, glaciers offset the lower precipitation amounts with a higher meltwater input.
Of particular importance are the Hindu Kush and Himalayan glacial melts that comprise
the principal dry-season water source of many of the major rivers of the Central, South,
East and Southeast Asian mainland. Increased melting would cause greater flow for
several decades, after which "some areas of the most populated regions on Earth are
likely to 'run out of water'" as source glaciers are depleted. According to a UN climate
report, the Himalayan glaciers that are the sources of Asia's biggest rivers—Ganges,
Indus, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween and Yellow—could disappear by 2035
as temperatures rise. Approximately 2.4 billion people live in the drainage basin of the
Himalayan rivers. India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar could
experience floods followed by droughts in coming decades. In India alone, the Ganges
provides water for drinking and farming for more than 500 million people. It has to be
acknowledged, however, that increased seasonal runoff of Himalayan glaciers led to
increased agricultural production in northern India throughout the 20th century.
The recession of mountain glaciers, notably in Western North America, Franz-Josef
Land, Asia, the Alps, the Pyrenees, Indonesia and Africa, and tropical and sub-tropical
regions of South America, has been used to provide qualitative support to the rise in
global temperatures since the late 19th century. Many glaciers are being lost to melting
further raising concerns about future local water resources in these glacierized areas. The
Lewis Glacier, North Cascades pictured at right after melting away in 1990 is one of the
47 North Cascade glaciers observed and all are retreating.
Despite their proximity and importance to human populations, the mountain and valley
glaciers of temperate latitudes amount to a small fraction of glacial ice on the earth.
About 99% is in the great ice sheets of polar and subpolar Antarctica and Greenland.
These continuous continental-scale ice sheets, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) or more in thickness,
cap the polar and subpolar land masses. Like rivers flowing from an enormous lake,
numerous outlet glaciers transport ice from the margins of the ice sheet to the ocean.
Retreat of the Helheim Glacier, Greenland
Glacier retreat has been observed in these outlet glaciers, resulting in an increase of the
ice flow rate. In Greenland the period since the year 2000 has brought retreat to several
very large glaciers that had long been stable. Three glaciers that have been researched,
Helheim, Sermeq Kujalleq and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, jointly drain more than 16%
of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Satellite images and aerial photographs from the 1950s and
1970s show that the front of the glacier had remained in the same place for decades. But
in 2001 it began retreating rapidly, retreating 7.2 km (4.5 mi) between 2001 and 2005. It
has also accelerated from 20 m (66 ft)/day to 32 m (100 ft)/day. Sermeq Kujalleq in
western Greenland is generally considered the fastest moving glacier in the world. It had
been moving continuously at speeds of over 24 m (79 ft)/day with a stable terminus since
at least 1950. The glacier's ice tongue began to break apart in 2000, leading to almost
complete disintegration in 2003, while the retreat rate doubled to over 30 m (98 ft)/day.
Glacier retreat and acceleration is also apparent on two important outlet glaciers of the
West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Pine Island Glacier, which flows into the Amundsen Sea
thinned 3.5 ± 0.9 m (11 ± 3.0 ft) per year and retreated 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in 3.8 years.
The terminus of the glacier is a floating ice shelf and the point at which it is afloat is
retreating 1.2 km (0.75 mi)/year. This glacier drains a substantial portion of the West
Antarctic Ice Sheet and has been referred to as the weak underbelly of this ice sheet. This
same pattern of thinning is evident on the neighboring Thwaites Glacier cliff.
Oceans
The role of the oceans in global warming is a complex one. The oceans serve as a sink for
carbon dioxide, taking up much that would otherwise remain in the atmosphere, but
increased levels of CO2 have led to ocean acidification. Furthermore, as the temperature
of the oceans increases, they become less able to absorb excess CO2. Global warming is
projected to have a number of effects on the oceans. Ongoing effects include rising sea
levels due to thermal expansion and melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and warming of
the ocean surface, leading to increased temperature stratification. Other possible effects
include large-scale changes in ocean circulation.
OBJECTIVES
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To know the awareness of people about global warming.

2. To know the concept of green house effect according to the general public.
3. To know whether people are concerned about the changing climatic condition and increased
temperature.
4. To ascertain the contribution made by the people in the sample towards global warming
5. Whether the cause of global warming is really known to the masses.
6. The effects known to people are on long term basis or short term basis.
7. The survival of human being is a major question in future, is the current information about global
warming enough to create awareness.
8. To know the alternative available to substitute the burning of fossil fuels.
 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The definition of the problem includes the awareness of people about global warming and
its effects.

B. DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH PLAN.

It has the following types:
1. DATA SOURCES.
Two types of data were taken into consideration i.e., primary data and secondary data.
But major emphasis was given on gathering primary data. The secondary data was used
only to supplement the primary and make things clear.

a) Primary Data: the collection of data for this source includes

• Questionnaire filled up by people.

• General discussion so made at the time of filling up of questionnaire.

b) Secondary Data: It includes various sites on the internet.

2. SAMPLING PLAN
a) Sampling Unit: who is to be surveyed?

• The target population was people of various places in Jalandhar, pathankot,

joginder nagar(HP), Faridabad(NCR)

• Based on convenience sampling.

b) Sampling Size:
The size of our sample was 200.
DATA INTERPRETATION
AND ANALYSIS
 DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

1.You have come across discussions on global warming from which of the following:
Table:
Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Newspaper articles 73 36.5

Magazines 26 13

Journals 17 8.5

Debates 8 4

Seminar attended 18 9

Special TV programmes 58 29

Total 200 100

Graphical Representation

80
70
60
respondents

50 No.of respondents
40
30 %age of respondents
20
10
0
Journals

attended
Newspaper

programmes
Magazines

Debates

Seminar

Special TV
articles

particulars

Interpretation: It is clear from the above that the maximum of the newspaper articles
give awareness about global warming contributing at 36.5%. Although special TV
programmes do generate awareness at 29% of the total sample.
2.Which of the following do you think contributes maximum in global warming:
Table:
Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

Smoke from factories 60 30

Smoke from 34 17
automobiles

CFC from refrigerators 14 7

CO2 from ACs 24 12

Fire extinguisher 4 2

CO2 increase due to cutting 54 27

of trees

Use of electric bulbs 4 2

Use of cooking gas (LPG) 2 1

Increased use of electric 4 2

appliances

Total 200 100

Graphical Representation

70
Smoke from factories

60 Smoke from automobiles

50 CFC from refrigerators

CO2 from ACs

40
Fire extinguisher
30
CO2 increase due to
cutting of trees
20
Use of electric bulbs

10 Use of cooking gas (LPG)

Increased use of electric

0
appliances
No. of respondents %age of respondents
3.Do you agree the atmospheric temperature is increasing year by year?
Table:
Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Yes 198 99

No 2 1

Total 200 100

Graphical Representation:

250

200
no.of respondents

150 No.of respondents

%age of respondents

100

50

0
Yes particulars No

Interpretation: from the above it can be clearly said that the increase in the atmospheric
temperature year by year is agreed upon by 99% of the sample population.
4. Increase in the quantity of which gas in the atmosphere will contribute maximum
in global warming.
Table:
Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Oxygen (O) 5 2.5

Hydrogen (H2) 5 2.5

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 25 12.5

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 96 48

Carbon Monoxide (CO3) 24 12

Chloro floro carbon (CFC) 40 20

Use of electric bulbs 5 2.5

Total 200 100

Graphical representation:

120

100 Oxygen (O)

Hydrogen (H2)
80
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
60 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO3)
40
Chloro floro carbon (CFC)
20 Use of electric bulbs

0
No.of respodents %age of respondents

Interpretation: 48%of the sample size agrees upon the increase in the CO2 gas will
contribute maximum in global warming.
5. The greenhouse effect is:
Table:
Particulars No .of respondents %age of respondents

The sun ray entering the earth 39 19.5

atmosphere

The sun rays are reflected 56 28

back from the ozone layer

The sun rays entering the earth 95 47.5

atmosphere, when reflected
back are trapped

The sun rays reflected back 10 5

are not trapped

Total 200 100

Graphical Representation

100
90 The sun ray entering the
earth atmosphere
80
70
The sun rays are reflected
60 back from the ozone layer
50
40 The sun rays entering the
30 earth atmosphere, when
reflected back are trapped
20
The sun rays reflected
10
back are not trapped
0
No .of respondents %age of respondents

Interpretation: It is interpreted from the above that 47.5% of the sample size is clear with
concept of green house effect
6. The natural greenhouse so formed is affected adversely by which of the following:
Table:
Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

Increase in the carbon content 89 44.5

in the smoke

Increase in the sulphur content 48 24

emitted by factories

Increase in the carbon 50 25

monoxide

Increase in the nitrogen 13 6.5

content

Total 200 100

Graphical representation:

100
90 Increase in the carbon
content in the smoke
80
70
Increase in the sulphur
60 content emitted by
50 factories
40 Increase in the carbon
30 monoxide
20
Increase in the nitrogen
10
content
0
No. of respondents %age of respondents

Interpretation: it is interpreted from the above that 44.5 % of the sample size state that the
increase in the carbon content in the smoke adversely effects the naturally formed green
house.
7. The effect of global warming is on:

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Change in the climatic 39 19.5

condition.

Rising water level of oceans 41 20.5

Decrease in the output of 12 6

seasonal agro foods

Increase in atmospheric 57 28.5

temperature

Disturbances in normal 23 11.5

seasonal changes

Decreasing water table i.e. 9 4.5

underground water level.

Increase in the ultraviolet 19 9.5

radiation of sun rays.

Total 200 100

Graphical representation

60 Change in the climatic

condition.
50 Rising water level of
oceans
40 Decrease in the output of
seasonal agro foods
30 Increase in atmospheric
temperature
20 Disturbances in normal
seasonal changes
10 Decreasing water table i.e.
underground water level.
0 Increase in the ultraviolet
No.of respondents %age of respondents radiation of sun rays.

Interpretation: 28.5% of the respondents submit to increase in the

atmospheric temperature,20.5% say rising water level of oceans, 19.5% say
that change in the climatic condition will adversely effect the survival of
human beings.
8.Which of the following do you have at home and in what quantity.

(please specify against the option)

Table:

Particulars Quantity

Air Conditioner (AC) 162

Refrigerator 216

TV 304

Computer 168

Microwave 116

Normal Bulb 1286

CFL 1274

Geysers 178

Car 150

Two Wheeler 260

Generators/Invertors 124

Graphical representation

1400 Air Conditioner (AC)

1200 Refrigerator
TV
1000
Computer
800 Microwave
600 Normal Bulb
CFL
400
Geysers
200 Car
Two Wheeler
0
Quantity Generators/Invertors
9. The four Wheeler vehicle you have is running on:

Table:

Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

Petrol 82 56.95

Diesel 48 33.33

CNG 6 4.17

LPG 8 5.55

Total 144 100

Graphical representation:

90
80
70
60
50 No. of respondents
40 %age of respondents
30
20
10
0
Petrol Diesel CNG LPG
particulars

Interpretation: 56.95 % of the respondents have vehicle running on petrol,

33.33 %of the respondents have their vehicle running on diesel.
10. Do you use your four wheeler regularly while going at work?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Yes 78 54.17

No 66 45.83

Total 144 100

Graphical representation:

90
80
70
60
50 No.of respondents
40 %age of respondents
30
20
10
0
Yes No
particulars

Interpretation: 54.17 %of the respondents are regularly using there four
wheeler while going at work and 45.83% of the them are not regularly using
there four wheeler while going at work.
11. At traffic lights do you put off the engine of your vehicle?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Yes 128 70.33

No 54 29.67

Total 182 100

Graphical representation:

140

120

100

80 Yes
60 No

40

20

0
No.of respondents %age of respondents

Interpretation: 70.33% of the respondents are putting off there vehicle at the
traffic light and 29.67 % of them are not into use of doing so.
12. Which type of geysers do you have at home?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

LPG 42 26.25

Electric 108 67.50

Solar 10 6.25

Total 160 100

Graphical representation:

120

100

80
No.of respondents
60
%age of respondents
40

20

0
LPG Electric Solar
particulars

Interpretation: 67.50% of the respondents are having electric geysers, 26.25

% of the respondents are having LPG geysers and very few 6.25% of the
respondents are having solar geysers.
13. For how much time do you use your geyser?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

0-1/2 hrs 60 37.5

1/2-1 hrs 44 27.5

1-2 hrs 32 20

2- more hrs 24 15

Total 160 100

Graphical representation:

70
60

50
40 No.of respondents
30 %age of respondents

20
10
0
0-1/2 hrs 1/2-1 hrs 1-2 hrs 2- more hrs
particulars

Interpretation: 37.5% of the respondents use geysers for 0-1/2 hrs, 27.5 % of
them use for ½ -1 hrs, 20% of them for 1-2hrs, for 2hrs or more 15% of the
respondents use geysers.
14. The capacity of your AC is

Table:

Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

0.5 Ton 42 31.34

1 Ton 28 20.90

1.5 Ton 52 38.81

2 Ton or more 12 8.95

Total 134 100

Graphical representation:

60

50

40
No. of respondents
30
%age of respondents
20

10

0
0.5 Ton 1 Ton 1.5 Ton 2 Ton or
more
particulars

Interpretation: 38.81 % of the respondents have AC with the capacity of 1.5

ton, 31.34 %of them use 0.5 ton, 20.90% of them use 1 ton, and only 8.95 %
of the respondents are using the AC with the capacity of 2 ton or more.

15. You use the AC for how much time in a day?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respomdents

for 1 hrs 22 16.42

1-3 hrs 28 20.90

3-6 hrs 52 38.81

6-12 hrs 20 14.93

12 hrs 12 8.95

Total 134 100

Graphical representation:

60

50

40
No.of respondents
30
%age of respomdents
20

10

0
for 1 hrs 1-3 hrs 3-6 hrs 6-12 hrs 12 hrs
particulars

Interpretation: 38.81 5 of the respondents are using AC for 3-6 hrs a day,
20.90 % of the respondents are using AC for 1-3 hrs a day, 14.93 % of them
are using AC for 6- 12 hrs a day and 8.95% of the respondents are using AC
for more than 12 hrs.

16. How often you use your microwave

Table:

Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

Regularly 22 18.03

As per requirement 54 44.26

Rarely 46 37.71

Total 122 100

Graphical representation:

60

50

40
Regularly
30 As per requirement
Rarely
20

10

0
No. of respondents %age of respondents

Interpretation:44.26 % of the respondents use microwave as per the

requirement, 37.71 % of the respondents use the microwave rarely, 18.03 %
of them are using microwave regularly.

17. You keep the electric bulb/CFL switched on during day also
Table:

Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

YES 78 39

NO 122 61

Total 200 100

Graphical representation:

140
120

100
80 No. of respondents
60 %age of respondents

40

20
0
YES NO
particulars

Interpretation: 61 % of the respondents are not keeping the lights on during

day as compared to the 39% of the respondents doing the opposite.

18. Which cooking stove you have

Table:

Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

LPG 166 83

Electric 18 9

Solar 16 8

Total 200 100

Graphical representation:

180
160
140
120
100 No. of respondents
80 %age of respondents
60
40
20
0
LPG Electric Solar
particulars

Interpretation: 83% of the respondents have the LPG cooking stove besides
the 9% and 8% of the respondents having electric and solar cooking stove
respectively.

19. While cooking you use

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Pressure cooker 174 87

open utensils 26 13

Total 200 100

Graphical representation:

200
180
160
140
120
No.of respondents
100
%age of respondents
80
60
40
20
0
Pressure cooker open utensils
particulars

Interpretation: 87% of the respondents use pressure cooker for cooking and
13 % of the respondents use open utensils.
20. Use of solar energy would be the best option besides burning fuel

Table:

Particulars No .of respondents %age of respondents

Strongly agree 92 46

Agree 78 39

Can’t say 26 13

Disagree 2 1

Strongly disagree 2 1

Total 200 100

Graphical representation:

100
90
80
70
60
No .of respondents
50
%age of respondents
40
30
20
10
0
Strongly agree Can’t say Disagree Strongly
agree disagree

Interpretation: 46% 0f the respondents strongly agree, 39% of them

agree,13% can’t say about it,1% disagree and strongly disagree for the use
of solar as the best alternative source of replacing the burning of fossil fuels.
LIMITATIONS
 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1, The survey is conducted on a sample size of just 200 people

2. The survey is based on convenience of the researcher.
3. The calculation for contribution in global warming is based on simple mathematical
calculation.
4. The technical know how in calculating the contribution made by the sample size in
global warming may vary with actual method adopted.
FINDINGS
 FINDINGS
1. 36.5% and 29% of people have come across the concept of global warming
through newspaper articles and special TV programmes respectively.
2. The cause of global warming as given by the respondents is

• 30% from smoke from factories.

• 27% from CO2 increase due to cutting of trees.
3. 99% of people agree upon the change in the atmospheric temperature due to
global warming year by year.
4. The concept of green house effect is clear among 47.5% of the people.

5. For the survival of human beings the effect of global warming is on

• Increase in atmospheric temperature according to 28.5% respondents.

• Rising water level of oceans according to 20.5% respondents.

• Change in the climatic condition according to 19.5% respondents.

6. According to the specific research: using 1 litre of petrol produces about 1kg of
water vapour and 2.17 kg of CO2 .walking, carpooling ,using public transport
saves at least 2 litre of petrol a week. This will stop the release of
2.17X2X52=225.68 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.
According to the survey there are 150 cars which the respondents are using
regularly for going at work. If the above quoted is followed this means they will
stop the release of 150 X 2 X 2.17 X52= 33852kg of CO2 into the atmosphere
annually.
7. According to the specific research: using a geyser for an hour generates 3.3kg of
CO2 . if we cut down the use of geyser by just 1 hr a day, we can stop the release
of 3.3X365=1204.5 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.
According to the survey there are total of 178 geysers which the respondents are
using. If they cut down the use of geysers by 1 hr a day, they will stop the release
of 178X3.3X365= 214401kg of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.
8. According to the specific research: an AC (2.5 tonne) used for an hour generates
3kg of CO2 . If we go without AC for an hour a day, the release of 3X 365=1095
kg of CO2 into the atmosphere per year, can be prevented.
According to the survey: there are 12 AC with the capacity of 2 & more tonne.
This means if above is taken then the release of 12X3X365=13140kg of CO 2 is
stopped by the respondents annually.
9. According to the specific research: using a microwave oven for an hour
generates 1.3kg of CO2 . If we eat food without using microwave to heat it, just
for one hour a week, we can stop the release of 1.3X52=67.6 kg of CO2 into the
atmosphere annually.
According to the survey: 22 microwaves are being used regularly. This means if
the above is taken into consideration then the release of 22X1.3X52=1487.2kg of
CO2 is stopped by the respondents annually.
10. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) use 1/3 the electricity used by regular bulb.

Therefore, according to the survey there are 1286 normal bulb being used by the
respondents. If they replace their normal bulbs with the CFLs this means they
save power. Energy used for our daily needs of electricity comes from burning
fossil fuels. Using less power means lower emission of greenhouse gasses into the
atmosphere.
11. 174 respondents are using pressure cooker for cooking, it means they consume
20% less LPG. Thus the emission of greenhouse gasses is also reduced.
SUGGESTIONS
 SUGGESTIONS
“THE ESTIMATED POPULATION OF INDIA IS 1.27 BILLION. IF EACH PERSON
PLANTS JUST ONE TREE IN A LIFE TIME WE CAN ELIMINATE 1.27 BILLION
TONNE OF CO2 FROM THE ATMOSPHERE.ONE TREE ABSORBS ONE TONNE
OF CO2 DURING ITS LIFE TIME.”

Here is a list of simple but practical things you can do personally to help in the Global
effort to save our planet by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

1. Make sure you re-cycle newspapers, glass bottles, tin cans, and magazines.

2. Reuse your shopping bag plastic instead of getting new ones each time you go to the
market.

3. Place a brick or something heavy into a plastic bag and place it into your toilet drum.
This will cause it to fill faster and use less water each time you flush.

4. Donate your unwanted clothes.

5. Turn off the faucet when you are brushing your teeth.

6. Turn off electrical devices (lights, fans, TV, computers, etc.) When they are not in use.

7. Use “Energy Efficient” appliances. They will save you about a third on their energy
bill with similar savings of greenhouse gas emissions, without sacrificing features, style
or comfort

8.Check for leaks (toilets, faucets, pipes, irrigation systems, etc.).

9. Install a low-flow shower head

10.Car pool to work or school if possible.

11. Ride your cycle instead of driving. You’ll get your daily exercise while your at it!

12. Have showers instead of baths.

13. Plant native and/or drought-tolerant plants. Some grasses, ground covers, shrubs and
trees do not need to be watered as frequently.
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

The research conducted concludes that the people included in the sample size are aware
about global warming and its effects.
Change to solar – save the earth.
The alternative suggested by 85% of the people is the use of solar energy as the best
option besides burning of fossil fuel.
The earth is a place for the living organism. The destruction of it will result in the
destruction of life. For making this earth a healthy living place for the coming generation.
The promotion of tree plantation is of utmost necessity. A tree absorbs 1tonne of CO2 in
life time. In accordance with the population of the country the number of trees will be as
per and thus the estimate can be done about the CO2 absorption. This will be positively
effective.
The use of solar energy should be promoted at large scale by the government. The solar
equipment being provided at the subsided rate should be marketed effectively.
Our everyday actions have far reaching consequences. It determines whether life on earth
will flourish or perish. One thoughtful action or a simple change in our habit will go a
long way in saving our planet.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. BOOKS:

• Research methodology- methods and techniques

-by CR Kothari, New Age International Publishers.

• Classmates- ITC Notebooks, Global Warming Snapshots.

Code: 02000984
2. WEB ADDRESS:

• www.Solar-Aid.org

• www.ConservationVolunteers.com.au

• www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming

• www.globalwarming.org/

• www.globalwarmingimages.net/

• www.earthday.net/

• www.suzlon.com

• www.indosolar.co.in
ANNEXURE
 QUESTIONNAIRE
TOPIC: “People awareness about global warming and its effects”
NOTE: Information provided by you will be kept confidential and will be used only for
the purpose of research only.

Sec –A
May I have your personal information please:

1.Name & Address

PIN CODE
Contact no.

2.Age:______years.
3.Educational qualification( mark tick )
(i) Matriculate (ii) Higher secondary

(iii) Under graduate (iv) Graduate

(v) Post graduate (vi) Diploma

4. Occupation:
(i) Student (ii) Private Service

(iii) Govt. Service (iv) Self employed

(v) Housewife (vi) Business

SEC – B
1.You have come across discussions on global warming from which of the following:
(a) Newspaper articles (b) Magazines

(c) Journals (d) Debates

(e) Seminar Attended (f) Special TV Programmes

(g) Any other (specify)_________________________________________________.

2.Which of the following do you think contributes maximum in global warming:

(Give ranking 1-9)
(a) Smoke from factories

(b) Smoke from automobiles

(c) CFC from refrigerators

(d) CO2 from ACs

(e) Fire extinguisher

(f) CO2 increase due to cutting of trees

(g) Use of electric bulbs

(h) Use of cooking gas (LPG)

(i)Increased use of electric appliances

3.Do you agree the atmospheric temperature is increasing year by year?

(a)YES (b) NO

4.Increase in the quantity of which gas in the atmosphere will contribute maximum
in global warming.
(a) Oxygen (O) (b) Hydrogen (H2)

(c) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (d) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

(e) Carbon Monoxide (CO3) (f) Chloro floro carbon (CFC)

(g) Use of electric bulbs

5. The greenhouse effect is
(a) The sun ray entering the earth atmosphere.

(b) The sun rays are reflected back from the ozone layer.

(c) The sun rays entering the earth atmosphere, when reflected back are trapped.

(d) The sun rays reflected back are not trapped.

6. The natural greenhouse so formed is affected adversely by which of the following:

(a) Increase in the carbon content in the smoke.

(b) Increase in the sulphur content emitted by factories.

(c) Increase in the carbon monoxide.

(d) Increase in the nitrogen content.

7. The effect of global warming is on

(a) Change in the climatic condition.

(b) Rising water level of oceans.

(c) Decrease in the output of seasonal agro foods.

(d) Increase in atmospheric temperature.

(e) Disturbances in normal seasonal changes.

(f) Decreasing water table i.e. underground water level.

(g) Increase in the ultraviolet radiation of sun rays.

Which of the above will have more effect on the survival of human beings?

Ans. ________________________________________________________.

8. Which of the following do you have at home and in what quantity.

(please specify against the option)

(a)Air Conditioner (AC) _________ (f)Normal Bulb _______(approx.)

(b)Refrigerator _________ (g) CFL _______(approx.)

(c)TV _________ (h) Geysers __________

(d)Computer _________ (i) Car __________

(e)Microwave _________ (j) Two Wheeler __________

(k) Generators/Invertors _________

9. The four Wheeler vehicle you have is running on:

(a) Petrol (b) diesel

(c)CNG (d) LPG

10. Do you use your four wheeler regularly while going at work?

(a)YES (b) NO

11. At traffic lights do you put off the engine of your vehicle?

(a)YES (b) NO

12. which type of geysers do you have at home:

(a)LPG (b) Electric (c) Solar

13. For how much time do you use your geyser?

(a)0-1/2 hrs (b)1/2-1 hrs

(c)1-2 hrs (d) 2- more hrs

14. The capacity of your AC is

(a)0.5 Ton (b)1 Ton

(c)1.5 Ton (d)2 Ton or more

15. You use the AC for how much time in a day?

(a) for 1 hrs (b)1-3 hrs

(c) 3-6 hrs (d) 6-12 hrs

(e) 12 hrs

16. How often you use your microwave (tick any one)

(a) Regularly (b) As per requirement (c) Rarely

17. You keep the electric bulb/CFL switched on during day also
(a)YES (b) NO

18. Which cooking stove you have

(a)LPG (b) Electric (c) Solar

19. While cooking you use

(a) Pressure cooker (b) open utensils

20. Use of solar energy would be the best option besides burning fuel

(a) Strongly agree (b) agree

(c) Can’t say (d) disagree

(e) Strongly disagree

21. Any suggestions from your side

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________.

Thank you for giving us your precious time.

Date:________ place: _________ signature:_______________